立即打开
波多黎各:超级富豪与远程办公族的“新热土”

波多黎各:超级富豪与远程办公族的“新热土”

CHLOE BERGER 2023-05-28
富豪纷至沓来,波多黎各俨然已经成为“高净值家庭俱乐部”。

在豪宅和税收优惠的吸引下,富豪群体纷纷涌入波多黎各。图片来源:STOCKSTUDIOX—GETTY IMAGES

《我们的家》(Our House)是克罗斯比、斯蒂尔斯与纳什乐队(Crosby, Stills & Nash,一民谣摇滚超级和声组合)的经典曲目,如果时间换到21世纪,那么格雷厄姆·纳什可能会把1970年代的嬉皮士和劳雷尔峡谷换成2020年代的币圈大佬和波多黎各,写下如下词句:“我们的房屋美轮美奂,身在院中,曼妙海景就在眼前。过去生活多艰,如今却轻松无比,多亏了税收优惠。”

新冠疫情爆发以来,面对居高不下的生活成本,想要获得更宽敞生活空间的富人和远程办公族一直在向美国其他州甚至国外迁移。在此期间,佛罗里达州一度成为最受大家欢迎的目的地,但随着大量人口的涌入,“阳光之州”的房价也出现暴涨,高昂的房价让许多原本在此养老的退休人士不得不迁往阿拉巴马等房价更低廉的地方。现在,远程办公族和超级富豪又找到了新的目标:波多黎各的豪华别墅。

豪宅地产公司Weitzman的负责人兼董事总经理彼得•贝泽里告诉《华尔街日报》(Wall Street Journal),自2012年开始大幅减税以来,这一趋势已在慢慢发酵,但真正进入“快车道”是在2019年,当时,作为第60号法案的组成部分,若干法条得到了修订,只要符合条件,新迁入波多黎各的外地居民即可不再支付任何联邦税款。如此一来,同样气候温暖、阳光明媚的波多黎各就成了比佛罗里达更好的迁徙目的地。虽然佛罗里达州的整体税收全美最低,不用缴纳所得税,且综合销售税平均仅略高于7%,但联邦税仍是该地居民不得不承受的负担。受强力减税措施吸引,加上远程办公的兴起,币圈人士、家庭、数字游民和企业等各色人士纷纷涌向这个小岛。

“富豪纷至沓来,波多黎各俨然已经成为‘高净值家庭俱乐部’”彼得•贝泽里说。

Invest Puerto Rico的首席执行官罗德里克•米勒在接受Realtor.com采访时表示,2020年开始的这轮购房热潮为波多黎各经济注入了“新的活力”。根据苏富比国际地产公司(Sotheby’s International Realty)提供给本报的数据,在豪宅林立的多拉多海滩地区(Dorado Beach area),百万美元豪宅的售价中位数已从2021年的340万美元飙升至2023年的620万美元。虽然最近由于经济下行、加密货币走低和库存不足等原因,日常交易有所降温,但当地房地产经纪人告诉《华尔街日报》,市场对豪宅的兴趣依然处于高位,从《华尔街日报》在报道中提到的一处豪宅也可以看出一二(该处房产最终以4000万美元售出,较原价高出33%)。圣胡安市挂牌房屋的售价中位数现为55万美元,较去年增长26.4%,不过与两年前115万美元峰值相比已经下降不少。

但这种迁徙也有其独特性。虽然奢华的生活方式随着外来富豪的涌入日益普遍,波多黎各却一直深受经济衰退和巨额债务困扰。根据外交关系委员会(CFR)的数据,2004至2020年间,波多黎各的年均经济增长率下降了12.5%。人口普查数据显示,40%的波多黎各居民生活在贫困线以下,虽然较10多年前实行减税政策时减少了4.9%,但这个比例仍然很高,根据CFR的数据,波多黎各的贫困率比美国最贫穷的州还高出一倍有余。

该委员会的数据还显示,大多数土生土长的波多黎各人已经离开了该岛。这里的移民模式有点像“翻花绳”,一边是美国富人“抛弃”佛罗里达州前往波多黎各,另一边是许多波多黎各人为获得更多机会而踏上了去往佛罗里达州的旅途(在遭受自然灾害却未获得多少支持时,这种外流趋势尤其明显)。

原波多黎各居民、非营利组织Diáspora en Resistencia的创始人玛丽亚·托雷斯·洛佩斯(María Torres-López)2021年在接受《时代》(Time)采访时说:“如果有人需要搬到波多黎各、购买波多黎各房产,那也应该是因别无选择而背井离乡的波多黎各人。”

尽管如此,富豪群体仍在不断涌入,把波多黎各变成了他们的“宅邸”或后花园,即便他们只会把财富藏在自己与世隔绝的别墅之中。(财富中文网)

译者:梁宇

审校:夏林

《我们的家》(Our House)是克罗斯比、斯蒂尔斯与纳什乐队(Crosby, Stills & Nash,一民谣摇滚超级和声组合)的经典曲目,如果时间换到21世纪,那么格雷厄姆·纳什可能会把1970年代的嬉皮士和劳雷尔峡谷换成2020年代的币圈大佬和波多黎各,写下如下词句:“我们的房屋美轮美奂,身在院中,曼妙海景就在眼前。过去生活多艰,如今却轻松无比,多亏了税收优惠。”

新冠疫情爆发以来,面对居高不下的生活成本,想要获得更宽敞生活空间的富人和远程办公族一直在向美国其他州甚至国外迁移。在此期间,佛罗里达州一度成为最受大家欢迎的目的地,但随着大量人口的涌入,“阳光之州”的房价也出现暴涨,高昂的房价让许多原本在此养老的退休人士不得不迁往阿拉巴马等房价更低廉的地方。现在,远程办公族和超级富豪又找到了新的目标:波多黎各的豪华别墅。

豪宅地产公司Weitzman的负责人兼董事总经理彼得•贝泽里告诉《华尔街日报》(Wall Street Journal),自2012年开始大幅减税以来,这一趋势已在慢慢发酵,但真正进入“快车道”是在2019年,当时,作为第60号法案的组成部分,若干法条得到了修订,只要符合条件,新迁入波多黎各的外地居民即可不再支付任何联邦税款。如此一来,同样气候温暖、阳光明媚的波多黎各就成了比佛罗里达更好的迁徙目的地。虽然佛罗里达州的整体税收全美最低,不用缴纳所得税,且综合销售税平均仅略高于7%,但联邦税仍是该地居民不得不承受的负担。受强力减税措施吸引,加上远程办公的兴起,币圈人士、家庭、数字游民和企业等各色人士纷纷涌向这个小岛。

“富豪纷至沓来,波多黎各俨然已经成为‘高净值家庭俱乐部’”彼得•贝泽里说。

Invest Puerto Rico的首席执行官罗德里克•米勒在接受Realtor.com采访时表示,2020年开始的这轮购房热潮为波多黎各经济注入了“新的活力”。根据苏富比国际地产公司(Sotheby’s International Realty)提供给本报的数据,在豪宅林立的多拉多海滩地区(Dorado Beach area),百万美元豪宅的售价中位数已从2021年的340万美元飙升至2023年的620万美元。虽然最近由于经济下行、加密货币走低和库存不足等原因,日常交易有所降温,但当地房地产经纪人告诉《华尔街日报》,市场对豪宅的兴趣依然处于高位,从《华尔街日报》在报道中提到的一处豪宅也可以看出一二(该处房产最终以4000万美元售出,较原价高出33%)。圣胡安市挂牌房屋的售价中位数现为55万美元,较去年增长26.4%,不过与两年前115万美元峰值相比已经下降不少。

但这种迁徙也有其独特性。虽然奢华的生活方式随着外来富豪的涌入日益普遍,波多黎各却一直深受经济衰退和巨额债务困扰。根据外交关系委员会(CFR)的数据,2004至2020年间,波多黎各的年均经济增长率下降了12.5%。人口普查数据显示,40%的波多黎各居民生活在贫困线以下,虽然较10多年前实行减税政策时减少了4.9%,但这个比例仍然很高,根据CFR的数据,波多黎各的贫困率比美国最贫穷的州还高出一倍有余。

该委员会的数据还显示,大多数土生土长的波多黎各人已经离开了该岛。这里的移民模式有点像“翻花绳”,一边是美国富人“抛弃”佛罗里达州前往波多黎各,另一边是许多波多黎各人为获得更多机会而踏上了去往佛罗里达州的旅途(在遭受自然灾害却未获得多少支持时,这种外流趋势尤其明显)。

原波多黎各居民、非营利组织Diáspora en Resistencia的创始人玛丽亚·托雷斯·洛佩斯(María Torres-López)2021年在接受《时代》(Time)采访时说:“如果有人需要搬到波多黎各、购买波多黎各房产,那也应该是因别无选择而背井离乡的波多黎各人。”

尽管如此,富豪群体仍在不断涌入,把波多黎各变成了他们的“宅邸”或后花园,即便他们只会把财富藏在自己与世隔绝的别墅之中。(财富中文网)

译者:梁宇

审校:夏林

“Our house is a very, very fine house with seaside views from our yard, life used to be so hard, now everything is easy ‘cause of tax breaks.” That’s how Graham Nash might have written a 21st-century version of the Crosby, Stills & Nash classic—you’d just have to sub in crypto bros and Puerto Rico in the 2020s for hippies and Laurel Canyon in the 1970s.

Since the pandemic began, wealthy individuals and remote workers have been moving to other states and even countries to live larger while the cost of living remains high. Florida became one of the biggest hotspots, but the influx of people made the Sunshine State less affordable as skyrocketing housing prices push out its retiree population to cheaper places like Alabama. Now remote workers and the ultrawealthy have found a new housing market to wreak havoc on: luxury villas in Puerto Rico.

The trend has been a “slow burn” since 2012 when significant tax breaks began, Peter Bazeli, principal and managing director at luxury real estate firm Weitzman, told the Wall Street Journal. But it really accelerated in 2019 when modifications were passed as part of Act 60 that enabled qualifying new non-local Puerto Rico residents to not pay any federal taxes. It’s a better deal than Florida with the same warmth and sunshine; while Floridians enjoy some of the lowest overall taxes in the nation, including no income tax and an average combined sales tax just over 7%, they still have to pay federal taxes. Coupled with the rise of remote work, Puerto Rico’s stronger tax breaks emboldened everyone from crypto bros and families to digital nomads and businesses to flock to the island.

It’s “created this almost club of high-net-worth households that have chosen to establish residence in Puerto Rico,” Peter Bazeli, a principal and managing director at luxury real estate firm Weitzman, told the Wall Street Journal.

The resulting housing boom breathed “new life into the Puerto Rican economy” as early as 2020, Rodrick Miller, chief executive of Invest Puerto Rico, told Realtor.com. The median sale of million-dollar homes in the exclusive Dorado Beach area spiked from $3.4 million in 2021 to $6.2 million in 2023, per data provided to the Journal by Sotheby’s International Realty. While regular deals have curbed recently thanks to economic issues, sinking crypto, and low inventory, local real estate agents told the Journal (the median home listed in San Juan is $550,000, a 26.4% increase from last year, but a long way down from its peak of $1.15 million two years ago), interest in luxury houses remains high—the Journal cited a house sold for 33% above the original price for $40 million as a prime example.

But there’s an exclusivity to this migration. In contrast to the growing luxury lifestyle, Puerto Rico has been battling a recession and massive debt; yearly economic growth decreased by 12.5% between 2004 and 2020, according to the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR). While census data shows that 40% of Puerto Rico’s residents live in poverty, 4.9% lower than when tax breaks were introduced more than 10 years ago, the percentage is still high—and the poverty rate in Puerto Rico is greater than double that of the poorest state in the United States, per the CFR.

The council’s data also shows that most native Puerto Ricans have left the island; migration patterns became a bit of a cat’s cradle as wealthy Americans ditched Florida for Puerto Rico and some Puerto Ricans moved to Florida for greater opportunities (especially after receiving minimal support post natural disasters).

“If anybody needs to be moving and buying in Puerto Rico, it needs to be the Puerto Rican people who had no other choice but to leave,” María Torres-López, a former resident of Puerto Rico and founder of the nonprofit Diáspora en Resistencia, told Time in 2021.

Still, the wealthy keep pouring in, making Puerto Rico “our house,” or playground, even if their money is pocketed in their isolated villas.

热读文章
热门视频
扫描二维码下载财富APP