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抑郁和焦虑可能会让人在生理上衰老加速,应该如何减缓?

抑郁和焦虑可能会让人在生理上衰老加速,应该如何减缓?

Erin Prater 2023-03-28
新的研究表明,那些长期患有抑郁症、焦虑症和躁郁症等精神健康问题的人在生理上比他们的实际年龄要老。

图片来源:GETTY IMAGES

如果你是数百万患有精神障碍的美国人中的一员,你的身体可能比你想象的要老。

上周末在法国巴黎举行的欧洲精神病学大会(European Congress of Psychiatry)上发表的一项新研究表明,那些长期患有抑郁症、焦虑症和躁郁症等精神健康问题的人,在生理上比他们的实际年龄要老。

伦敦国王学院(King’s College London)的研究人员朱利安·穆茨博士和凯瑟琳·刘易斯博士研究了超过11万名英国居民的血液代谢物——在新陈代谢过程中产生的小分子,比如脂质、胆固醇和氨基酸。他们发现,那些患有精神疾病的人的“代谢物轮廓”表明他们比实际年龄要老。

“例如,躁郁症患者的血液标志物表明他们比实际年龄大两岁左右。”穆茨在演示前的一份新闻稿中说。

这一发现补充了穆茨和其他人的早期研究,他们发现那些患有精神健康障碍的人往往寿命较短,而且有很多健康问题,比如糖尿病和心脏病。穆茨2002年的一项研究发现,那些患有焦虑症、抑郁症和躁郁症的人更有可能身体虚弱,而身体虚弱与较高的死亡风险有关。

世界卫生组织(World Health Organization)称,患有严重精神疾病的人可能会因为“可预防的身体疾病”而提前20年死亡。

穆茨说,这项研究为医生追踪精神障碍患者的代谢物轮廓提供了机会,还可以利用代谢物轮廓的变化来衡量健康干预措施的有效性。

如何减缓衰老

穆茨告诉《财富》杂志,幸运的是,患者能够采取一些措施来减缓衰老。导致精神疾病患者衰老速度加快的因素包括:

 缺乏运动

 吸烟

 自主神经系统过度反应

 慢性低度炎症

 社交孤立/孤独

他说:“众所周知,这些因素对健康有负面影响,因此,消除这些风险因素将大有裨益。”患有精神障碍的人可以采取相应行动来减缓衰老,包括:

 增加体育活动,能够定期进行力量训练和阻力训练

 戒烟,如果适用的话

 建立并维持积极的人际关系

这种生活方式上的改变也可能减少精神健康症状。然而,穆茨补充道:“对身体严重不适的人来说,这是很难实现的。无论是通过心理、药物还是其他治疗方式治疗他们的精神健康症状,都应该由他们的医生综合考虑这种治疗方式是否得当。”(财富中文网)

译者:中慧言-王芳

如果你是数百万患有精神障碍的美国人中的一员,你的身体可能比你想象的要老。

上周末在法国巴黎举行的欧洲精神病学大会(European Congress of Psychiatry)上发表的一项新研究表明,那些长期患有抑郁症、焦虑症和躁郁症等精神健康问题的人,在生理上比他们的实际年龄要老。

伦敦国王学院(King’s College London)的研究人员朱利安·穆茨博士和凯瑟琳·刘易斯博士研究了超过11万名英国居民的血液代谢物——在新陈代谢过程中产生的小分子,比如脂质、胆固醇和氨基酸。他们发现,那些患有精神疾病的人的“代谢物轮廓”表明他们比实际年龄要老。

“例如,躁郁症患者的血液标志物表明他们比实际年龄大两岁左右。”穆茨在演示前的一份新闻稿中说。

这一发现补充了穆茨和其他人的早期研究,他们发现那些患有精神健康障碍的人往往寿命较短,而且有很多健康问题,比如糖尿病和心脏病。穆茨2002年的一项研究发现,那些患有焦虑症、抑郁症和躁郁症的人更有可能身体虚弱,而身体虚弱与较高的死亡风险有关。

世界卫生组织(World Health Organization)称,患有严重精神疾病的人可能会因为“可预防的身体疾病”而提前20年死亡。

穆茨说,这项研究为医生追踪精神障碍患者的代谢物轮廓提供了机会,还可以利用代谢物轮廓的变化来衡量健康干预措施的有效性。

如何减缓衰老

穆茨告诉《财富》杂志,幸运的是,患者能够采取一些措施来减缓衰老。导致精神疾病患者衰老速度加快的因素包括:

 缺乏运动

 吸烟

 自主神经系统过度反应

 慢性低度炎症

 社交孤立/孤独

他说:“众所周知,这些因素对健康有负面影响,因此,消除这些风险因素将大有裨益。”患有精神障碍的人可以采取相应行动来减缓衰老,包括:

 增加体育活动,能够定期进行力量训练和阻力训练

 戒烟,如果适用的话

 建立并维持积极的人际关系

这种生活方式上的改变也可能减少精神健康症状。然而,穆茨补充道:“对身体严重不适的人来说,这是很难实现的。无论是通过心理、药物还是其他治疗方式治疗他们的精神健康症状,都应该由他们的医生综合考虑这种治疗方式是否得当。”(财富中文网)

译者:中慧言-王芳

If you’re one of the millions of Americans who lives with a mental disorder, your body might be older than you think.

New research—presented last weekend at the European Congress of Psychiatry in Paris—shows that those with longstanding mental health conditions like depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder are biologically older than their actual, chronological age.

Researchers Dr. Julian Mutz and Cathryn Lewis, both with the King’s College London, looked at the blood metabolites—small molecules produced during the process of metabolism like lipids, cholesterol, and amino acids—from more than 110,000 U.K. residents. They found that those with mental illness had a “metabolite profile” that indicated they were older than they actually were.

“For example, people with bipolar disorder had blood markers indicating that they were around two years older than their chronological age,” Mutz says in a release ahead of the presentation.

The findings complement earlier research by Mutz and others that found that those with mental health disorders tend to live shorter lives and have more health issues, like diabetes and heart disease. A 2002 study by Mutz found that those with anxiety, depression, and bipolar disorder were more likely to be medically frail, a condition associated with a higher risk of death.

People with severe mental health conditions may die as many as two decades early due to “preventable physical conditions,” according to the World Health Organization.

The research highlights the opportunity for doctors to track the metabolite profiles of patients with mental disorders, and to use changes in such profiles to gauge the effectiveness of health interventions, Mutz says.

How to slow biological aging

Fortunately, there are steps patients can take to slow their biological aging, Mutz tells Fortune. Things that contribute to faster biological aging in people with mental illness include:

 Physical inactivity

 Smoking

 Overreaction of autonomic nervous system

 Chronic low-grade inflammation

 Social isolation/loneliness

“These factors are known to have a negative impact on health, and addressing these risk factors would be beneficial,” he says. Some actions those with mental disorders might take to slow their biological aging include:

 Increasing physical activity, perhaps with regular strength and resistance training

 Quitting smoking, if applicable

 Forming and maintaining positive relationships

Such lifestyle changes are likely to reduce mental health symptoms as well. They will, however, “be difficult to achieve for people who are severely unwell,” he adds. “Treating their mental health symptoms—whether through psychological, pharmacological or other treatments—should always be considered alongside with their physician.”

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