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中年女性饮酒致病比例激增,原因尚不明

中年女性饮酒致病比例激增,原因尚不明

LINDSEY LEAKE 2024-04-19
最新研究发现,在新冠疫情爆发初期,中年妇女因饮酒致病的比例出现激增。

KIEFERPIX—GETTY IMAGES

一项最新研究表明,在新冠疫情爆发初期,因饮酒致病的现象在美国中年女性当中激增。因而该研究呼吁人们重视中年女性过量饮酒问题引发的风险。

该研究论文于上周五发表在《美国医学会杂志——健康论坛》上。该研究显示,从2020年4月到2021年9月,美国因饮酒致病而去医院就诊的总人数激增,超过了研究人员的预期。而在因饮酒引发的肝脏疾病中,单月增幅最大的人群就是40至64岁的中年女性。

匹兹堡大学医学院普内科助理教授布赖恩特·舒伊医生是该论文的第一作者,他也是一名专业治疗酒精使用障碍症(AUD)的医生。他对《财富》表示,他和他的团队正在想方设法搞清楚是这种现象是哪些原因导致的。

“过去几十年,酒精的使用以及酒精造成的危害在逐步增加,但我们尚未完全落实有效的治疗方法。通过这项研究,我们不光要了解疫情期间人们的酒精摄入量为何会激增,还要了解它与人们的住院率或者急诊率是否相关。”舒伊介绍道。

研究人员利用了美国医保巨头Optum的临床信息统计数据库,分析了1460余万15岁及以上人群从2017年3月到2021年9月的医保理赔数据。研究人员重点选取了近30种诊断结果,包括酗酒引发的精神障碍、酒精依赖和戒断性谵妄等等。从2020年4月起,样本库中的急诊、住院、留观病人分别有一定比例出现以下症状:

• 酒精使用障碍(ALD): 57–66%

• 酒精戒断反应或与酒精有关的情绪障碍: 29-37%

• 酒精相关的心肌疾病: 3–4%

• 酒精相关的出血性胃炎: 1–2%

在全部研究人群中,自疫情爆发时起,以上症状的比例几乎每个月都在上升,但是只有4个月的数据具有显著的统计学意义,其幅度达到了8%到19%。而40岁至64岁的患者的症状比例则在9个月中出现了统计意义上的上升,增幅达到17%到36%,而且以该年龄段的女性患者增幅最为明显。她们有10个月的增幅都达到了33%到56%,而且有16个月ALD的增幅都高达34%到95%。

“由酒精导致的肝脏疾病是一种非常严重的疾病,一般发生在多年甚至几十年长期过量饮酒的人身上。”舒伊解释道:“但是如果你突然短时间大量饮酒,那么它也有可能在几周或者几个月的时间里突然发作或者突然急性恶化。”

为何女性饮酒致病的比例激增?

舒伊认为,疫情期间,人们的饮酒量普遍有所上升,这导致已经患有酒精依赖的女性的情况进一步恶化。他的研究结果也反映了一些新诊断的病例。不过他坦承,这项研究可能还是低估了饮酒致病的女性的人数。

首先,酒精依赖问题的污名化,可能导致一些患者耻于向医生吐露自己的饮酒习惯。其次,有的病人可能没有被医院打上饮酒的标签,因此未被纳入此次研究。另外,该数据库主要涵盖的是连续投保商业医疗保险或者Medicare Advantage计划至少六个月的人群,因此那些没有医保或者没有购买足够医保的人也未被计算在内。

“我们希望这项研究能进一步敲响警钟,用更多的公共卫生信息来说明,男女之间在饮酒致病方面的差异正在缩小。”舒伊说。

既往研究表明,早在疫情以前的20多年间,女性死于酒精相关并发症的比例已经开始高于男性。根据美国疾控中心的数据,从2016年到2021年,美国因过度饮酒而死亡的男性增加了27%,而女性则增加了35%。但造成这个问题的原因是什么呢?

舒伊对《财富》表示:“有些人推测,这可能与饮酒的常态化有关,也与品酒俱乐部以及含酒精的苏打水和风味软饮等加大了针对女性的营销力度有关。不过我们也要认识到,女性往往承担着过大的压力,很多女性要一边全职工作,一边承担大量的家庭责任。”

但是即便有这些猜测,舒伊仍然表示:“我们还是不知道这种现象到底是由什么原因导致的。”

下一步,舒伊团队的重点是研究疫情是否影响了人们对AUD的治疗,尤其是疫情是否影响了人们获得相关药物和行为疗法。根据来自《全美药物使用和健康调查》的数据,2022年,美国只有不到10%的成年AUD患者曾接受过任一形式的治疗。

如果您或您所爱的人正在与酗酒问题作斗争,全美酒精滥用和酒精中毒研究所(NIAAA)可帮助您开展自我救助、远程治疗,加入互助小组,并且联系专业医疗人员为您提供帮助。如有急需,请联系988自杀与危机生命热线。(财富中文网)

译者:朴成奎

一项最新研究表明,在新冠疫情爆发初期,因饮酒致病的现象在美国中年女性当中激增。因而该研究呼吁人们重视中年女性过量饮酒问题引发的风险。

该研究论文于上周五发表在《美国医学会杂志——健康论坛》上。该研究显示,从2020年4月到2021年9月,美国因饮酒致病而去医院就诊的总人数激增,超过了研究人员的预期。而在因饮酒引发的肝脏疾病中,单月增幅最大的人群就是40至64岁的中年女性。

匹兹堡大学医学院普内科助理教授布赖恩特·舒伊医生是该论文的第一作者,他也是一名专业治疗酒精使用障碍症(AUD)的医生。他对《财富》表示,他和他的团队正在想方设法搞清楚是这种现象是哪些原因导致的。

“过去几十年,酒精的使用以及酒精造成的危害在逐步增加,但我们尚未完全落实有效的治疗方法。通过这项研究,我们不光要了解疫情期间人们的酒精摄入量为何会激增,还要了解它与人们的住院率或者急诊率是否相关。”舒伊介绍道。

研究人员利用了美国医保巨头Optum的临床信息统计数据库,分析了1460余万15岁及以上人群从2017年3月到2021年9月的医保理赔数据。研究人员重点选取了近30种诊断结果,包括酗酒引发的精神障碍、酒精依赖和戒断性谵妄等等。从2020年4月起,样本库中的急诊、住院、留观病人分别有一定比例出现以下症状:

• 酒精使用障碍(ALD): 57–66%

• 酒精戒断反应或与酒精有关的情绪障碍: 29-37%

• 酒精相关的心肌疾病: 3–4%

• 酒精相关的出血性胃炎: 1–2%

在全部研究人群中,自疫情爆发时起,以上症状的比例几乎每个月都在上升,但是只有4个月的数据具有显著的统计学意义,其幅度达到了8%到19%。而40岁至64岁的患者的症状比例则在9个月中出现了统计意义上的上升,增幅达到17%到36%,而且以该年龄段的女性患者增幅最为明显。她们有10个月的增幅都达到了33%到56%,而且有16个月ALD的增幅都高达34%到95%。

“由酒精导致的肝脏疾病是一种非常严重的疾病,一般发生在多年甚至几十年长期过量饮酒的人身上。”舒伊解释道:“但是如果你突然短时间大量饮酒,那么它也有可能在几周或者几个月的时间里突然发作或者突然急性恶化。”

为何女性饮酒致病的比例激增?

舒伊认为,疫情期间,人们的饮酒量普遍有所上升,这导致已经患有酒精依赖的女性的情况进一步恶化。他的研究结果也反映了一些新诊断的病例。不过他坦承,这项研究可能还是低估了饮酒致病的女性的人数。

首先,酒精依赖问题的污名化,可能导致一些患者耻于向医生吐露自己的饮酒习惯。其次,有的病人可能没有被医院打上饮酒的标签,因此未被纳入此次研究。另外,该数据库主要涵盖的是连续投保商业医疗保险或者Medicare Advantage计划至少六个月的人群,因此那些没有医保或者没有购买足够医保的人也未被计算在内。

“我们希望这项研究能进一步敲响警钟,用更多的公共卫生信息来说明,男女之间在饮酒致病方面的差异正在缩小。”舒伊说。

既往研究表明,早在疫情以前的20多年间,女性死于酒精相关并发症的比例已经开始高于男性。根据美国疾控中心的数据,从2016年到2021年,美国因过度饮酒而死亡的男性增加了27%,而女性则增加了35%。但造成这个问题的原因是什么呢?

舒伊对《财富》表示:“有些人推测,这可能与饮酒的常态化有关,也与品酒俱乐部以及含酒精的苏打水和风味软饮等加大了针对女性的营销力度有关。不过我们也要认识到,女性往往承担着过大的压力,很多女性要一边全职工作,一边承担大量的家庭责任。”

但是即便有这些猜测,舒伊仍然表示:“我们还是不知道这种现象到底是由什么原因导致的。”

下一步,舒伊团队的重点是研究疫情是否影响了人们对AUD的治疗,尤其是疫情是否影响了人们获得相关药物和行为疗法。根据来自《全美药物使用和健康调查》的数据,2022年,美国只有不到10%的成年AUD患者曾接受过任一形式的治疗。

如果您或您所爱的人正在与酗酒问题作斗争,全美酒精滥用和酒精中毒研究所(NIAAA)可帮助您开展自我救助、远程治疗,加入互助小组,并且联系专业医疗人员为您提供帮助。如有急需,请联系988自杀与危机生命热线。(财富中文网)

译者:朴成奎

Alcohol-related health complications soared among middle-aged women during the early years of the COVID-19 pandemic, according to a new study that calls for heightened attention to alcohol use disorder risk factors in this subset of the U.S. population.

From April 2020 through September 2021, overall hospital visits for alcohol-related conditions spiked beyond what researchers expected, per a study published Friday in the journal JAMA Health Forum. Women ages 40–64, however, saw the largest monthly increases for all conditions, as well as alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) specifically.

Dr. Bryant Shuey, an assistant professor in the Division of General Internal Medicine at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, was lead author of the study. He’s also an internist who treats patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD), and tells Fortune he and his team set out to understand barriers to care for such patients.

“The research builds on the understanding that alcohol use and alcohol-related harms have increased over the last few decades, and that access to effective treatments hasn’t fully been realized,” Shuey says. “We were particularly interested in understanding, were there associations with not just increased alcohol use during the pandemic, but was that associated with alcohol-related harm that we could identify at the emergency department or hospital level.”

Using Optum’s Clinformatics Data Mart database, researchers analyzed the insurance claims data of more than 14.6 million people ages 15 and older, from March 2017 through September 2021. Nearly 30 diagnoses were included, from alcohol abuse with induced psychotic disorder to alcohol dependence with withdrawal delirium. From April 2020 onward, patients in emergency departments, inpatient units, and observation units were diagnosed in these categories:

• ALD: 57–66%

• Alcohol withdrawal or alcohol-related mood disorder: 29–37%

• Alcohol-related cardiomyopathy: 3–4%

• Alcohol-related gastritis with bleeding: 1–2%

In the overall study population, rates for such conditions increased nearly every month after the pandemic’s onset, but the increases were statistically significant for only four months and ranged from 8–19%. Patients 40–64 showed nine months of statistically significant increases, of 17–36%. Women in this age group had the most pronounced increases: 33–56% across 10 months for all conditions, and 34–95% across 16 months for ALD.

“Alcohol-related liver disease is a very serious condition. It occurs after years—often a decade or more—of persistent, excessive alcohol use,” Shuey explains. “But it can flare and it can worsen acutely, or over the course of weeks to months, with a sudden increase in alcohol use.”

Why is alcohol harm increasing among women?

Skyrocketing alcohol use during the pandemic may have exacerbated ALD among women who already had the condition, Shuey says. It’s just as possible the results of his study reflect newly diagnosed cases, too. Either way, he acknowledges his latest research likely underestimates the number of women with alcohol-related health conditions.

For starters, the stigma surrounding AUD may have led some patients not to disclose their drinking habits with hospital staff. Or, a patient may have been billed under another code not included in the study. In addition, the database includes people who had continuous commercial health insurance or Medicare Advantage coverage for at least six months, leaving out people who were uninsured or underinsured.

“We just hope this study raises the alarm bells even more, and can provide more public health messaging that the gap between men and women in terms of alcohol-related harms is narrowing,” Shuey says.

Women had already begun dying of alcohol-related complications at a higher rate than men in the two decades preceding the pandemic, previous research shows. From 2016 to 2021, deaths from excessive drinking increased by 27% among males and 35% among females, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. But what are the underlying causes?

“Some people have theorized that this might have to do with normalization of alcohol use in general, as well as targeted marketing toward women with things like wine clubs, seltzers, fun-flavored beverages,” Shuey tells Fortune. “It’s also important to recognize that there’s disproportionate stress on women, who are oftentimes working full-time jobs, taking on a disproportionate share of family responsibilities.”

Even that is speculation, Shuey says: “We simply just don’t know what’s causing this.”

The team’s next step is to explore the pandemic’s effect on access to AUD treatment, namely medication and behavioral therapy. In 2022, less than 10% of adults with the disorder had received any treatment in the last year, according to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health.

If you or a loved one are struggling with alcohol use, the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) Alcohol Treatment Navigator can connect you to self-guided programs, telehealth treatment, mutual support groups, and health care professionals who are trained to help. If you need immediate support, contact the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline.

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