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居家办公更省钱?未必!

居家办公更省钱?未必!

MEGAN LEONHARDT 2022-06-08
尽管燃油价格飙升,但居家办公并不会自动导致成本的大幅下降。

尽管燃油价格飙升,但居家办公并不会自动导致成本的大幅下降。图片来源:FREDERIC J. BROWN—GETTY IMAGES

午餐成本增加、燃油价格飙升,还有新工作服采购,难怪众多美国员工纷纷拒绝返回办公室工作。

Kastle的“复工晴雨表”(Back to Work Barometer)报告在考察了美国10个主要城市的办公室使用率后发现,尽管众多公司已经设定了4月返回办公室工作的截止日期,然而在过去一个月中,美国办公室使用率依然稳定在43%左右的水平。很多雇员反对回归办公室的原因并非是不断增长的新冠病例,而是通勤成本过高。事实上,德勤(Deloitte)最近的报告显示,近40%的千禧一代和三分之一的Z世代称,远程办公有助于省钱。

然而,居家办公对于大多数员工来说真的是一个革命性的省钱方式吗?

尽管居家办公可以免去通勤之苦,但这种方式并非是免费的,尤其是考虑到能源成本的不断上升。美国劳工统计局(Bureau of Labor Statistics)的消费者价格指数显示,4月,仅电费的同比增幅就达到了11%。

如果你每天在办公室待8小时或以上的时间,而且还吹着公司的空调,那么这点增幅可能并不是什么大问题。然而,如果是居家办公,那么这部分成本将由自己承担,而且与房屋大小、空调系统以及窗户采光效率等住宅维护变量等诸多因素息息相关。何况还有电脑、手机充电的能耗,甚至每天还得使用一两次打印机。

美国账单支付服务公司Doxo向《财富》杂志提供的数据显示,在2022年前4个月,美国民众的月均电费和油费较2019年同期增长了23美元。美国民众今年的月均电费和天然气费用分别达到了约156美元和150美元。使用取暖油和丙烷的费用更高,其2022年月均费用达到了302美元。

即便这些成本在一年中最热的那几个月有所增加,但对于大多数美国民众而言也不是什么大问题。美国能源信息管理局( U.S. Energy Information Administration)称,2020年夏季,当众多美国民众因封锁令而远程办公时,居民用电量较2019年夏季增长了7.9%,创下了2010年以来夏季用电量增幅的新高。

管理局预测,今年夏天,也就是2022年6月-8月,居民用户月均用电量将达到约1050度,较2021年夏季降低约2.9%,部分原因在于更加温和的温度预测,以及美国居家办公民众数量的减少。

居家办公成本可能还得考虑互联网成本。Doxo的数据显示,美国民众2022年年初至今每月在其互联网和有线电视上面的平均花费约为120美元,与疫情前的水平相当。这一点可能会发生变化,因为一些员工倾向于在疫情期间升级其网络带宽,继而持续推高这一方面的月支出。

通勤成本也在增加

尽管美国民众在电费方面的开支有所增加,但不可否认的是,燃油价格的飙升甚至蚕食了更多的美国民众预算。《财富》杂志计算后发现,按照美国汽车协会(AAA)给出的平均油价,平均通勤距离,以及车辆典型燃油效率,5月份,每周工作5天通勤所需的油费约为140美元,而2019年5月的通勤燃油成本约为90美元。

当然,这一点并未考虑与车辆保有相关的成本,包括维修和保险,这些成本会随着用车频率的增长而增加。按照美国汽车协会提供的指引,加州大学圣芭芭拉分校(UC Santa Barbara)估计,这些费用每月可能高达500美元。过路费和停车费也可能会增加通勤成本,但这些费用的变化幅度非常大。

就通勤而言,选择公共交通更划算。ValuePenguin对美国的70个公交系统的分析显示,公交月票平均成本约为67美元。然而,不同系统之间的价格差异很大。在纽约,地铁无限制月票费用为127美元。从2022年6月26日开始,巴尔的摩公共交通无限制月票费用为77美元。

无论是居家办公还是返回办公室办公,如今都不便宜

最终,无论是计算通勤成本还是计算居家工作成本,对于美国民众而言,这两方面的花费普遍都有所上涨,而且都可能无助于大幅节省费用。

有鉴于众多公司如今暂停发放居家工作补贴——目的是帮助支付部分能源、无线网络以及家中办公室的布置费用——这一点确实是如此。WTW在2020年6月和7月调查的约10%的雇主向员工提供了某种形式的补贴,以帮助他们管理远程工作的成本。

到2021年2月,雇主理事会(Employer Council)发现,仅3%的受调雇主针对居家办公设备为其员工提供了一次性的补贴或补偿。每月平均补贴约为66美元。

通勤和居家办公费用存在很大的差异,完全取决于美国民众的生活地域,以及他们在家或前往办公室时所采取的省钱策略。

例如,谷歌地图的合同员工最近便反对公司要求其全天候在办公室办工作。一位雇员对《纽约时报》(New York Times)说,为了通勤,他不得不每天驱车100英里(约160.93千米),在路上耗费4个小时的时间。按照6月2日华盛顿平均5.27美元/加仑的油价计算,仅每个月的通勤燃油成本就将超过400美元。

不过,也有办法来降低回归办公室的成本。如果与其他人拼车的话,那么往返平均41英里的月通勤成本便会从当前的150美元降至75美元。搭乘公交、火车或地铁,或骑自行车或摩托车上班可能会节省部分费用,使用GasBuddy这样的应用来搜索最低的燃油价格也能起到类似的效果。

另一方面,住宅的大小和位置也会对居家办公的成本产生影响。智能住宅能耗控制公司Sense称,疫情前,4000平方英尺(约371.6平方米)住宅的制冷费用要比2500平方英尺(约232.3平方米)住宅高出71%,也就是平均高出约114美元。

Sense公司还发现,居住在德州、佛罗里达州以及亚利桑那州的美国民众在夏季房屋制冷方面的花费是缅因州、蒙大拿州等北部州居民的两倍。而随着能源和电力成本上涨,上述倍数将进一步扩大。

尽管众多美国民众难以通过举家搬迁来降低其能源成本,但我们也有办法来降低某些费用,尤其是住宅制冷成本。略微调高夏季住宅的温度有助于降低制冷成本,每升高一度便会削减1%的制冷支出。投资智能恒温器也有助于降低制冷费用(一些设施提供商甚至提供费用返还方案)。

使用电扇,拉上窗户的遮光帘也有助于降低屋内的温度,并让你使用更少的能源来制冷。此外,关闭不必要光源和设备这类常识性原理实际上也是有效的。

最后,对于那些希望节省费用的人来说,在居家办公和办公室通勤之间做出选择往往并非易事。通过对居家办公的布置进行小幅调整,并谨慎思考日常通勤状况,美国民众便可以主动应对不断增长的成本,甚至在某些情况下降低这些成本。(财富中文网)

译者:冯丰

审校:夏林

午餐成本增加、燃油价格飙升,还有新工作服采购,难怪众多美国员工纷纷拒绝返回办公室工作。

Kastle的“复工晴雨表”(Back to Work Barometer)报告在考察了美国10个主要城市的办公室使用率后发现,尽管众多公司已经设定了4月返回办公室工作的截止日期,然而在过去一个月中,美国办公室使用率依然稳定在43%左右的水平。很多雇员反对回归办公室的原因并非是不断增长的新冠病例,而是通勤成本过高。事实上,德勤(Deloitte)最近的报告显示,近40%的千禧一代和三分之一的Z世代称,远程办公有助于省钱。

然而,居家办公对于大多数员工来说真的是一个革命性的省钱方式吗?

尽管居家办公可以免去通勤之苦,但这种方式并非是免费的,尤其是考虑到能源成本的不断上升。美国劳工统计局(Bureau of Labor Statistics)的消费者价格指数显示,4月,仅电费的同比增幅就达到了11%。

如果你每天在办公室待8小时或以上的时间,而且还吹着公司的空调,那么这点增幅可能并不是什么大问题。然而,如果是居家办公,那么这部分成本将由自己承担,而且与房屋大小、空调系统以及窗户采光效率等住宅维护变量等诸多因素息息相关。何况还有电脑、手机充电的能耗,甚至每天还得使用一两次打印机。

美国账单支付服务公司Doxo向《财富》杂志提供的数据显示,在2022年前4个月,美国民众的月均电费和油费较2019年同期增长了23美元。美国民众今年的月均电费和天然气费用分别达到了约156美元和150美元。使用取暖油和丙烷的费用更高,其2022年月均费用达到了302美元。

即便这些成本在一年中最热的那几个月有所增加,但对于大多数美国民众而言也不是什么大问题。美国能源信息管理局( U.S. Energy Information Administration)称,2020年夏季,当众多美国民众因封锁令而远程办公时,居民用电量较2019年夏季增长了7.9%,创下了2010年以来夏季用电量增幅的新高。

管理局预测,今年夏天,也就是2022年6月-8月,居民用户月均用电量将达到约1050度,较2021年夏季降低约2.9%,部分原因在于更加温和的温度预测,以及美国居家办公民众数量的减少。

居家办公成本可能还得考虑互联网成本。Doxo的数据显示,美国民众2022年年初至今每月在其互联网和有线电视上面的平均花费约为120美元,与疫情前的水平相当。这一点可能会发生变化,因为一些员工倾向于在疫情期间升级其网络带宽,继而持续推高这一方面的月支出。

通勤成本也在增加

尽管美国民众在电费方面的开支有所增加,但不可否认的是,燃油价格的飙升甚至蚕食了更多的美国民众预算。《财富》杂志计算后发现,按照美国汽车协会(AAA)给出的平均油价,平均通勤距离,以及车辆典型燃油效率,5月份,每周工作5天通勤所需的油费约为140美元,而2019年5月的通勤燃油成本约为90美元。

当然,这一点并未考虑与车辆保有相关的成本,包括维修和保险,这些成本会随着用车频率的增长而增加。按照美国汽车协会提供的指引,加州大学圣芭芭拉分校(UC Santa Barbara)估计,这些费用每月可能高达500美元。过路费和停车费也可能会增加通勤成本,但这些费用的变化幅度非常大。

就通勤而言,选择公共交通更划算。ValuePenguin对美国的70个公交系统的分析显示,公交月票平均成本约为67美元。然而,不同系统之间的价格差异很大。在纽约,地铁无限制月票费用为127美元。从2022年6月26日开始,巴尔的摩公共交通无限制月票费用为77美元。

无论是居家办公还是返回办公室办公,如今都不便宜

最终,无论是计算通勤成本还是计算居家工作成本,对于美国民众而言,这两方面的花费普遍都有所上涨,而且都可能无助于大幅节省费用。

有鉴于众多公司如今暂停发放居家工作补贴——目的是帮助支付部分能源、无线网络以及家中办公室的布置费用——这一点确实是如此。WTW在2020年6月和7月调查的约10%的雇主向员工提供了某种形式的补贴,以帮助他们管理远程工作的成本。

到2021年2月,雇主理事会(Employer Council)发现,仅3%的受调雇主针对居家办公设备为其员工提供了一次性的补贴或补偿。每月平均补贴约为66美元。

通勤和居家办公费用存在很大的差异,完全取决于美国民众的生活地域,以及他们在家或前往办公室时所采取的省钱策略。

例如,谷歌地图的合同员工最近便反对公司要求其全天候在办公室办工作。一位雇员对《纽约时报》(New York Times)说,为了通勤,他不得不每天驱车100英里(约160.93千米),在路上耗费4个小时的时间。按照6月2日华盛顿平均5.27美元/加仑的油价计算,仅每个月的通勤燃油成本就将超过400美元。

不过,也有办法来降低回归办公室的成本。如果与其他人拼车的话,那么往返平均41英里的月通勤成本便会从当前的150美元降至75美元。搭乘公交、火车或地铁,或骑自行车或摩托车上班可能会节省部分费用,使用GasBuddy这样的应用来搜索最低的燃油价格也能起到类似的效果。

另一方面,住宅的大小和位置也会对居家办公的成本产生影响。智能住宅能耗控制公司Sense称,疫情前,4000平方英尺(约371.6平方米)住宅的制冷费用要比2500平方英尺(约232.3平方米)住宅高出71%,也就是平均高出约114美元。

Sense公司还发现,居住在德州、佛罗里达州以及亚利桑那州的美国民众在夏季房屋制冷方面的花费是缅因州、蒙大拿州等北部州居民的两倍。而随着能源和电力成本上涨,上述倍数将进一步扩大。

尽管众多美国民众难以通过举家搬迁来降低其能源成本,但我们也有办法来降低某些费用,尤其是住宅制冷成本。略微调高夏季住宅的温度有助于降低制冷成本,每升高一度便会削减1%的制冷支出。投资智能恒温器也有助于降低制冷费用(一些设施提供商甚至提供费用返还方案)。

使用电扇,拉上窗户的遮光帘也有助于降低屋内的温度,并让你使用更少的能源来制冷。此外,关闭不必要光源和设备这类常识性原理实际上也是有效的。

最后,对于那些希望节省费用的人来说,在居家办公和办公室通勤之间做出选择往往并非易事。通过对居家办公的布置进行小幅调整,并谨慎思考日常通勤状况,美国民众便可以主动应对不断增长的成本,甚至在某些情况下降低这些成本。(财富中文网)

译者:冯丰

审校:夏林

Lunch-flation. Soaring gas prices. Updating your work wardrobe. It’s no wonder many U.S. workers are resisting employer demands to head back to the office full-time.

Despite many companies setting April return-to-office deadlines, for the past month, U.S. office occupancy has held steady at roughly 43%, according to Kastle’s Back to Work Barometer that takes into account rates in 10 major cities. Many employees are pushing back against heading into the office not because of rising COVID caseloads, but arguing that their commutes are too expensive. In fact, a recent report from Deloitte found nearly 40% of millennials and a third of Gen Zers report that remote work has helped them save money.

But is working from home really a savings game-changer for most workers?

While working from home means skipping the commute, it’s not free—especially when you take into account rising energy costs. Electricity costs in April alone were up 11% year over year, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Consumer Price Index.

That increase might not be a big deal when you spend eight or more hours a day at the office soaking up that corporate A/C. But when workers are at home, the cost is on them—and that expense could be significant depending on factors like the size of the home, type of A/C system, and various home maintenance variables like window efficiency. Not to mention the additional costs to power your computer, keep your work phone charged, and maybe even run a printer once a day or so.

During the first four months of 2022, Americans spent an average of $23 more on monthly electricity and gas bills than they did during the same period in 2019, according to data provided to Fortune from bill pay service Doxo. On average, Americans have spent about $156 a month for electricity and $150 a month for natural gas so far this year. Those who use heating oil and propane had even higher bills, averaging $302 a month for their heating expenses in 2022.

Those higher costs weren’t even racked up during the hottest months of the year for most of the country. The U.S. Energy Information Administration reported that during the summer of 2020 when many Americans were under lockdown orders and working remotely, residential electricity consumption was 7.9% higher than in the summer months of 2019. That was the fastest year-over-year summer energy growth since 2010.

This summer, the administration predicts that residential customers will average about 1,050 kilowatt hours (kWh) of electricity use per month between June and August 2022. That’s about 2.9% less than the summer of 2021, due in part to milder temperature forecasts, as well as fewer Americans working from home.

Internet costs can also be factored into WFH expenses. On average, Americans spent about $120 a month on their Internet and cable bills in 2022 so far, according to Doxo’s data, about on par with what U.S. households spent pre-pandemic. That can vary as some workers opted to upgrade their internet connection during the pandemic—making that monthly cost continually higher too.

Cost of commuting is increasing too

While Americans might be spending more for electricity, there’s no denying that soaring prices at the gas pump are taking an even bigger bite out of Americans’ budgets. Fortune calculated the average cost for gas for a five-day work commute was roughly $140 in May, based on average gas prices from AAA, average commute mileage, and typical fuel efficiency for a car. That’s compared to the roughly $90 a month that drivers spent on gas for their commute in May 2019.

That, of course, doesn’t take into account the related costs of car ownership, including maintenance and insurance, which can increase if a car is driven more frequently. Based on AAA guidance, UC Santa Barbara estimates that these expenses can add up to nearly $500 a month. Tolls and parking fees can also increase commuting costs, but those expenses vary considerably.

Public transit is a slightly more cost-effective commute. The average cost of a monthly transit pass is about $67, according to a ValuePenguin analysis of 70 transit systems across the U.S. However, those prices range widely. In New York City a monthly unlimited Metrocard is $127. A monthly unlimited pass for public transit in Baltimore will be $77 starting June 26, 2022.

WFH or RTO, nothing is cheap these days

Ultimately, when you look at the cost of commuting versus the cost of working from home, Americans are paying more in general, and neither option will likely help them save significantly.

That’s especially true given that many companies are now letting work-from-home stipends—which helped cover some of those energy, Wi-Fi, and home-office setup expenses—lapse. About 10% of employers surveyed by WTW in June and July of 2020 provided some type of subsidy to workers to help them manage costs of working remotely.

By February 2021, the Employer Council found, only 3% of employers surveyed were offering their employees a lump sum stipend or reimbursement on home-office equipment. The average stipend was about $66 per month.

Both commuting and WFH expenses vary widely and depend entirely on where Americans live and the strategies they utilize to save money at home or on their way into the office.

Google Maps contract employees, for example, recently pushed back against demands that they return to work full-time. One employee told the New York Times that he’d be forced into a daily 100-mile, four-hour commute. With the average gas price in Washington hitting $5.27 a gallon on Thursday, the commute costs for fuel alone would likely cost over $400 a month.

Yet there are ways to reduce the cost of returning to the office. A worker who carpools with just one other person for the average 41-mile round-trip commute can cut the current monthly average fuel cost from $150 to $75. Taking the bus, train, or subway or riding a bike or scooter to work might also yield some savings, as does searching out the best gas prices using apps like GasBuddy.

On the flip side, the size and location of a home play into how much more you could spend to work from home. Pre-pandemic, cooling a 4,000-square-foot home cost 71% more, or about $114 on average, than a 2,500-square-foot space, according to smart-home energy-monitoring company Sense.

Additionally, Sense found Americans living in states like Texas, Florida, and Arizona pay twice as much to stay cool in the summer as those living in northern states like Maine and Montana. That’s only exacerbated as energy and electricity costs rise.

While many Americans can’t simply pick up and move to reduce their energy costs, there are ways to reduce expenses, particularly around cooling a home. Keeping a home slightly warmer in summer can help bring down cooling costs—each degree you increase the temperature could trim 1% off your cooling bill. Investing in a smart thermostat can also help (and some utility providers even offer rebate programs).

Using a fan and keeping the window shades drawn can also help reduce the temperature inside your home and allow you to use less energy to cool it. Moreover, those common-sense rules about turning off unnecessary lights and devices do actually work.

At the end of the day, for those looking to save money, it’s typically not a simple tradeoff between simply working from home or commuting into the office. But by making small changes to WFH setups and thinking critically about daily commute choices, Americans can stay on top of rising costs—and in some cases even reduce them.

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