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专栏 - 从华尔街到硅谷

Zynga申请首次公开募股,目标15至20亿美元

Dan Primack 2011年07月06日

Dan Primack专注于报道交易和交易撮合者,从美国金融业到风险投资业均有涉及。此前,Dan是汤森路透(Thomson Reuters)的自由编辑,推出了peHUB.com和peHUB Wire邮件服务。作为一名新闻工作者,Dan还曾在美国马萨诸塞州罗克斯伯里经营一份社区报纸。目前他居住在波士顿附近。
《农场乡村》(FarmVille)和《黑帮战争》(Mafia Wars)的开发者希望隆重上市。

    迟(两天)动手也总比从来不尝试一下强。

    7月1日,社交游戏巨子Zynga公司申请进行10亿美元的首次公开募股(IPO),摩根士丹利公司(Morgan Stanley)和高盛公司(Goldman Sachs)被列为其IPO主要承销商。参与此次公开募股的其他银行还包括美国银行美林公司(BoA Merrill Lynch)、巴克莱资本公司(Barclays Capital)、以及Allen & Co等。迄今Zynga公司尚未选择交易或定单符号(Zillow公司已经占用了“Z”)。

    2010年,Zynga的净收入为9,000万美元,营业收入为5.97亿美元。2011年第一季度,营业收入创下了惊人的2.35亿美元,但利润率却从2010年的约15%一下子跌到了近5%。

    该公司近95%的营业收入源自虚拟产品销售。这块业务从2010年首季到2011年首季期间增长了127%;同期,广告营收额亦增长了321%,但是,这块业务在整体营业额中所占比例仍然微乎其微。

    也许在显示公司实力方面,现金数量是最有说服力的数字。Zynga报告说,截至3月底,该公司的银行存款为10亿美元。这比2010年底其拥有的现金量增加了2亿美元。

    Zynga创始人兼首席执行官马克•皮克斯是公司最大股东,手中握有16%的股份。他的年薪为30万美元,而公司二号人物欧文•范•纳塔的年薪为20万美元。皮克斯还负责以个人信件的形式起草了IPO申请中的招股说明书,这与Groupon首席执行官安德鲁•梅森上个月起草该公司的S-1文件着实有些类似,唯一区别在于皮克斯的话听起来一本正经,而非满含讥讽之辞。

    在Zynga公司,透过亲友,我们能感受到自己与我们开发的游戏之间的切身关系。我的姐夫虽然要抚养5个孩子,根本没有业余时间可言,但却跟他的朋友们一起疯狂地玩我们的游戏Words。我对此表示由衷的赞赏。就在几个月前,我的孩子们决定,躲猫猫是他们最喜爱的游戏。尽管我们不太可能继续完善这款游戏,但我盼望着能很快跟他们一块儿玩Zynga游戏。等到他们读高中时,毫无疑问,他们会使用谷歌(Google)搜索,也会在Facebook上与朋友们分享各类信息,而且他们很可能会在亚马逊(Amazon)上大量购物。但他们想玩游戏时,我希望Zynga还在,这就是我现在的计划。

    其他重要股东还包括:风投机构KPCB公司(Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers):11%、机构风险合伙人公司(Institutional Venture Partners,IVP):6.1%、铸造集团(Foundry Group):6.1%、阿瓦隆风险投资公司(Avalon Ventures):6.1%、DST集团(DST Group):5.8%、广和投资公司(Union Square Ventures):5.5%。上述有些机构早已通过二级交易将手中的股票回卖给了Zynga。比如,Zynga就从广和投资公司手中回收了价值4,500万美元的股票。铸造集团和阿瓦隆公司亦分别将2,200万美元和2,100万美元的股票卖给了Zynga。皮克斯于今年3月将价值1.09亿美元的有价证券变现。

    职业社交网站LinkedIn创始人里德•霍夫曼是Zynga最早的投资人,同时也是该公司董事会的成员。他手中握有约为0.6%的股份。

    Better (two days) late than never.

    Social gaming giant Zynga today filed for a $1 billion initial public offering. Morgan Stanley (MS) and Goldman Sachs (GS) are listed as lead underwriters. Others bankers include BoA Merrill Lynch, Barclays Capital, Goldman Sachs and Allen & Co. The company has not yet selected an exchange or ticker symbol (Zillow has dibs on "Z").

    Zynga reports $90 million of net income in 2010 on around $597 million in revenue. The revenue figures are a staggering $235 million for the first quarter of 2011, but the profit margin dropped from around 15% in 2010 to just around 5% last quarter.

    Nearly 95% of the company's revenue comes from selling virtual goods, which has increased 127% between Q1 2010 and Q1 2011. Advertising revenue increased 321% over the same period but, again, makes up a very small part of the whole.

    Perhaps the most impressive figure is cash on hand. Zynga reports it has nearly $1 billion in the bank as of March 31, which is a couple hundred million more than it had at year-end 2010.

    Zynga founder and CEO Mark Pincus is the company's top shareholder, with a 16% position. He makes $300,000 per year in salary, while his number two, Owen Van Natta, makes $200,000. Pincus also leads the prospectus off with a personal letter, kind of like what Groupon CEO Andrew Mason did in that company's S-1 last month. The only real difference is that Pincus goes more for sincerity than snark:

    At Zynga, we feel a personal connection to our games through our friends and family. I love that my brother in-law, who has five kids and no free time, religiously plays our game Words with Friends.... My kids decided a few months ago that peek-a-boo was their favorite game. While it's unlikely we can improve upon this classic, I look forward to playing Zynga games with them very soon. When they enter high school there's no doubt that they'll search on Google, they'll share with their friends on Facebook and they'll probably do a lot of shopping on Amazon. And I'm planning for Zynga to be there when they want to play.

    Other significant shareholders include Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers (11%), Institutional Venture Partners (6.1%), Foundry Group (6.1%), Avalon Ventures (6.1%), DST Group (5.8%) and Union Square Ventures (5.5%). Some of those firms already have sold shares back to the company via secondary transactions. Union Square, for example, had over $45 million worth of shares repurchased. Foundry Group and Avalon Ventures sold back around $22 million and $21 million, respectively. For his part, Pincus liquidated $109 million worth of securities this past March.

    Reid Hoffman, the LinkedIn (LNKD) founder who first seeded Zynga and sits on its board, appears to have around a 0.6% position.

    资料来源:Zynga S-1文件

    Zynga表示,首次公开募股的绝大多数收益将用于公司一般用途,而不是提现分给现有股东。

    此外,该公司在申请文件中还表示,目前它雇用2,200多名员工,其中约64%都是在最近一年才加入公司的。

    上周二我们曾撰文表示,对Facebook来说,Zynga上市有可能成为耐人寻味的市场测试。这倒并非是就Facebook自身进行首次公开募股的前景而言,而是Facebook已成为其他公司拓展业务的正规平台,公设市场到底如何看待这件事。这就有点儿像:现在软件开发商如何看待微软公司(Microsoft)或者苹果公司(Apple)的操作系统。

    Zynga已经认识到Facebook对其业务模式的重要性。其最大的风险因素是:“如果我们不能与Facebook保持良好的合作关系,那么我们的业务就会遭殃。”此外,Zynga还认识到,“事实上,我们的全部营业收入和玩家都来自于Facebook平台。”

    尽管Zynga并未透露任何与上市时间有关的信息,但保险的说,直到劳动节后(9月的第一个周一——译者注)该公司才有可能真正上市。因此,如果届时该公司的实际上市价远远高于10亿美元的话,请千万不要大惊小怪。Zynga的IPO申请文件显示,该公司希望通过首次公开募股,募集到15亿~20亿美元的资金。这让我不禁想到,眼下10亿美元的保守报价不过是虚晃一枪罢了。

    最后,下图是源自Zynga S-1文件的字云(使用Wordle创建而成):

    Source: Zynga S-1

    The company says that most of the IPO proceeds will be used for general corporate purposes, rather than cashing out existing shareholders.

    It reports more than 2,200 employees -- approximately 64% of whom have been hired within the past year.

    As we wrote earlier this week, Zynga could be an interesting market test for Facebook. Not for the social network's own IPO prospects, but for how the public markets will view Facebook as a legitimate platform for other companies to build businesses on top of. Kind of like how the Microsoft or Apple operating systems are viewed today for software makers.

    For its part, Zynga acknowledges the importance of Facebook to its business model. Its top risk factor is: "If we are unable to maintain a good relationship with Facebook, our business will suffer." Moreover, Zynga acknowledges that it generates "substantially all of our revenue and players through the Facebook platform."

    The company does not say anything about timing, but it's a safe bet that Zynga doesn't plan to actually go public until sometime after Labor Day. At that point, don't be surprised if the offering is actually much larger than $1 billion. Initial reports were that it was seeking to raise between $1.5 billion and $2 billion, which makes me think the current cover price is a conservative placeholder.

    Finally, here is a word cloud from the S-1 (created by using Wordle):

    译者:大海

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