首页 500强 活动 榜单 商业 科技 商潮 专题 品牌中心
杂志订阅

CEO们将裁员归咎于人工智能,但这可能是企业的借口

部分企业已悄然承认不再需要扩充员工队伍。

文本设置
小号
默认
大号
Plus(0条)

Wix、Snap和Block等公司今年宣布裁员时,都将人工智能列为理由之一。图片来源:Alvaro Gonzalez—Getty Images

上周末,Wix加入了以人工智能为裁员理由的科技公司行列。有专家指出,这一模式揭示了企业多年来不愿承认的行业趋势。

这家总部位于以色列的网站建设公司的首席执行官阿维沙伊·亚伯拉罕米(Avishai Abrahami)在X平台发帖称,Wix将裁减约20%的员工,根据该公司5月提交给美国证券交易委员会的文件,其员工总数为5277人,据此计算,本次裁员人数将略超千人。

亚伯拉罕米在裁员公告中提到,以色列货币谢克尔对美元走强令公司承压,但也将人工智能以及公司需要顺应时代变革列为裁员理由。

当记者就此事寻求置评时,Wix发言人让《财富》杂志参考亚伯拉罕米的裁员公告。

在公告中,亚伯拉罕米称人工智能是“自20世纪70年代现代编程语言问世以来,企业组织架构发生的最深刻变革”,并补充道,Wix需要进行调整,“以成为一家更敏捷、精简、扁平化的公司”。

这一表述与Block公司首席执行官杰克·多尔西(Jack Dorsey)的说法如出一辙。多尔西年初宣布裁员4000人,称此举旨在打造“更精简、扁平”的团队,并推行“全新工作方式”。Snap和Atlassian的高管也采用了类似表述。

推动团队精简、提高员工生产效率的趋势由来已久。

“这套说辞他们已经用了20年。”麻省理工学院斯隆管理学院(MIT Sloan School of Management)人力资源管理学荣誉退休教授、《可丢弃的劳动者:雇佣关系的转型》一书作者保罗·奥斯特曼(Paul Osterman)表示。

奥斯特曼认为,真正的新变化在于,部分企业已悄然承认不再需要扩充员工队伍。

尽管人工智能确实给企业带来了创新和重组的压力,但在他看来,企业大多将人工智能作为裁员的幌子,这种现象被称为“AI洗白”。通过这种方式,企业将裁员这类负面消息包装成展现自身创新能力的积极举措。这种做法有时确实奏效。今年5月初,思科(Cisco)宣布裁员4000人后,其股价飙升13%。

“人工智能是为大规模裁员开脱的绝佳借口,”奥斯特曼在接受《财富》杂志采访时表示,“这会让人们觉得,裁员不是我们的决定,也不是我们的过错,而是技术发展所致。”

他补充道,类似地,企业在经济衰退期也常裁掉本就计划辞退的员工,经济衰退不过是现成的借口。

与此同时,这波与人工智能相关的裁员潮,也与“可丢弃的劳动者”数量不断增加有关。据奥斯特曼估计,如今这类劳动者已占美国劳动力的35%。

这些“可丢弃的劳动者”包括合同工、自由职业者和零工。在某些情况下,雇主更倾向于雇佣这类员工,因为他们既能为公司目标贡献力量,又能随时被解雇。雇佣这类员工不仅能为企业节省福利开支,还能让企业灵活调整人员规模,在机会出现时扩招,在发展需要时缩编——用高管们的话说,这在人工智能颠覆工作方式的当下可能大有助益。

根据美国劳工统计局2023年的最新统计数据,美国共有690万名合同工、临时工等非正式员工,占美国劳动力的4.3%。虽然这是一个保守的估计,但较2017年的3.8%有所上升。

奥斯特曼表示,虽然企业更倾向于雇佣可丢弃劳动者而非正式员工的趋势已持续了数十年,但如今这一趋势正在加速演进,部分原因在于人工智能带来的不确定性。

然而,他的研究显示,与正式员工相比,合同工和边缘劳动者的薪资水平和工作满意度都较低。因此,他们也不太愿意为雇主付出额外努力。

尽管就业前景黯淡,但奥斯特曼并不认同“劳动者应接受可丢弃的就业未来”的观点。

“我们曾建立起高薪、共享繁荣的稳定就业体系,”他说,“这也是我们如今应努力实现的目标。”(财富中文网)

译者:中慧言-王芳

上周末,Wix加入了以人工智能为裁员理由的科技公司行列。有专家指出,这一模式揭示了企业多年来不愿承认的行业趋势。

这家总部位于以色列的网站建设公司的首席执行官阿维沙伊·亚伯拉罕米(Avishai Abrahami)在X平台发帖称,Wix将裁减约20%的员工,根据该公司5月提交给美国证券交易委员会的文件,其员工总数为5277人,据此计算,本次裁员人数将略超千人。

亚伯拉罕米在裁员公告中提到,以色列货币谢克尔对美元走强令公司承压,但也将人工智能以及公司需要顺应时代变革列为裁员理由。

当记者就此事寻求置评时,Wix发言人让《财富》杂志参考亚伯拉罕米的裁员公告。

在公告中,亚伯拉罕米称人工智能是“自20世纪70年代现代编程语言问世以来,企业组织架构发生的最深刻变革”,并补充道,Wix需要进行调整,“以成为一家更敏捷、精简、扁平化的公司”。

这一表述与Block公司首席执行官杰克·多尔西(Jack Dorsey)的说法如出一辙。多尔西年初宣布裁员4000人,称此举旨在打造“更精简、扁平”的团队,并推行“全新工作方式”。Snap和Atlassian的高管也采用了类似表述。

推动团队精简、提高员工生产效率的趋势由来已久。

“这套说辞他们已经用了20年。”麻省理工学院斯隆管理学院(MIT Sloan School of Management)人力资源管理学荣誉退休教授、《可丢弃的劳动者:雇佣关系的转型》一书作者保罗·奥斯特曼(Paul Osterman)表示。

奥斯特曼认为,真正的新变化在于,部分企业已悄然承认不再需要扩充员工队伍。

尽管人工智能确实给企业带来了创新和重组的压力,但在他看来,企业大多将人工智能作为裁员的幌子,这种现象被称为“AI洗白”。通过这种方式,企业将裁员这类负面消息包装成展现自身创新能力的积极举措。这种做法有时确实奏效。今年5月初,思科(Cisco)宣布裁员4000人后,其股价飙升13%。

“人工智能是为大规模裁员开脱的绝佳借口,”奥斯特曼在接受《财富》杂志采访时表示,“这会让人们觉得,裁员不是我们的决定,也不是我们的过错,而是技术发展所致。”

他补充道,类似地,企业在经济衰退期也常裁掉本就计划辞退的员工,经济衰退不过是现成的借口。

与此同时,这波与人工智能相关的裁员潮,也与“可丢弃的劳动者”数量不断增加有关。据奥斯特曼估计,如今这类劳动者已占美国劳动力的35%。

这些“可丢弃的劳动者”包括合同工、自由职业者和零工。在某些情况下,雇主更倾向于雇佣这类员工,因为他们既能为公司目标贡献力量,又能随时被解雇。雇佣这类员工不仅能为企业节省福利开支,还能让企业灵活调整人员规模,在机会出现时扩招,在发展需要时缩编——用高管们的话说,这在人工智能颠覆工作方式的当下可能大有助益。

根据美国劳工统计局2023年的最新统计数据,美国共有690万名合同工、临时工等非正式员工,占美国劳动力的4.3%。虽然这是一个保守的估计,但较2017年的3.8%有所上升。

奥斯特曼表示,虽然企业更倾向于雇佣可丢弃劳动者而非正式员工的趋势已持续了数十年,但如今这一趋势正在加速演进,部分原因在于人工智能带来的不确定性。

然而,他的研究显示,与正式员工相比,合同工和边缘劳动者的薪资水平和工作满意度都较低。因此,他们也不太愿意为雇主付出额外努力。

尽管就业前景黯淡,但奥斯特曼并不认同“劳动者应接受可丢弃的就业未来”的观点。

“我们曾建立起高薪、共享繁荣的稳定就业体系,”他说,“这也是我们如今应努力实现的目标。”(财富中文网)

译者:中慧言-王芳

Late last week, Wix joined a flurry of tech companies that have been citing AI as a motivation for layoffs, and one expert says this pattern reveals a trend companies have been reluctant to admit for years.

Avishai Abrahami, the CEO of the Israel-based website-building company, said in a post on X that Wix would cut roughly 20% of its staff, or just over 1,000 people based on its last employee count of 5,277 found in a May filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

In announcing the layoffs, Abrahami cited the strain that the strengthening of the Israeli currency, the shekel, against the U.S. dollar is causing for the company. But he also pointed to AI and the company’s need to adapt to changing times.

When reached for comment, a Wix spokesperson referred Fortune to Abrahami’s layoff announcement.

In his announcement, Abrahami mentioned AI as “the most significant shift in how companies are built since the invention of modern programming languages in the 1970s,” and added that Wix needed to adapt “to become a faster, leaner, and flatter organization.”

This language echoes that of Block CEO Jack Dorsey, who kicked off the year by announcing 4,000 layoffs to create “smaller and flatter” teams and a “new way of working.” Executives at Snap and Atlassian executives have also used comparable framing.

The trend of pushing for smaller teams and more productive workers isn’t new.

“They’ve been saying that for 20 years,” said Paul Osterman, a professor emeritus of human resources management at the MIT Sloan School of Management and author of the book Disposable Workers: The Transformation of Employment.

Osterman argued that what is new is some companies’ quiet admission that they don’t want more workers.

While AI is creating some pressure on companies to innovate and restructure, he believes they are mostly using AI as a cover for layoffs, a phenomenon called “AI washing,” which allows companies to spin what would usually be negative news into a positive feat that shows they are innovating. Sometimes this works. After Cisco announced it was laying off 4,000 people earlier this month, its stock jumped 13%.

“AI is a perfect excuse to justify big layoffs,” Osterman told Fortune. “It makes it seem as if it’s not our decision, our fault—it’s the technology.”

Similarly, companies often lay off employees they were going to let go of anyway during recessions, which serves as a convenient cover story, he added.

At the same time, the spurt of AI-related layoffs may also be related to the increasing number of “disposable workers,” which he estimates make up 35% of the American workforce today.

These disposable workers, such as contractors, freelancers, and gig workers, are favored in some cases by employers because they can contribute to a company’s goals, but also can be shed at any moment. Hiring these kinds of workers saves firms money on benefits and it also gives them flexibility to downsize or increase their staff when opportunities arise, something that may be beneficial as AI, to paraphrase executives, upends the way work is done.

As of the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ last count from 2023, there were 6.9 million contingent workers, like contractors or temporary workers, and they made up 4.3% of the U.S. workforce. Although this is a conservative estimate, it is an increase from 2017, when these kinds of workers made up 3.8% of the workforce.

While this trend of favoring disposable workers over employees has been building for decades, it’s intensifying, partly because of the uncertainty created by AI, said Osterman.

Yet, his research shows contractors and marginal workers face lower wages and report lower job satisfaction than standard employees. They’re also less willing to go above and beyond for their employers as a result.

Despite the bleak picture of employment, Osterman pushed back on the idea that workers should simply accept a future of disposable employment.

“We created a stable employment system of high wages and shared prosperity in the past,” he said. “That’s what we should be thinking about doing now.”

财富中文网所刊载内容之知识产权为财富媒体知识产权有限公司及/或相关权利人专属所有或持有。未经许可,禁止进行转载、摘编、复制及建立镜像等任何使用。
0条Plus
精彩评论
评论

撰写或查看更多评论

请打开财富Plus APP

前往打开