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战争重创消费支出和房地产,以色列经济暴跌20%

战争重创消费支出和房地产,以色列经济暴跌20%

PAOLO CONFINO 2024-02-22
以色列经济暴跌并不令人意外,但是跌幅还是超出了外界的预期。

以色列在加沙的作战行动已经对以色列经济造成了沉重打击。据以色列中央统计局统计,2023年第四季度,以色列经济较上一季度萎缩了近20%。

考虑到10月7日恐怖袭击后爆发的战争烈度,以色列经济暴跌当然并不令人意外,但是跌幅还是超出了外界的预期。经合组织(OECD)去年11月的一份报告曾预测以色列去年的GDP增长率为2.3%,但实际上仅为2.0%。而在10月7日的恐怖袭击发生前,以色列的年度GDP增长率是有望实现3.5%的目标的。

以色列年度GDP的下降,充分显示了哈马斯发动的袭击以及以军在加沙地区的报复行动给国民经济造成的严重影响。虽然以色列今年的经济大概率会有所复苏,但由于战争持续时间的不确定性,这些经济数据还有进一步变化的可能,甚至有可能会给整个中东和全球经济带来连锁反应。

这场战争对以色列的两个领域影响最为严重,一个是消费支出,另一个就是房地产投资。上季度,以色列的居民私人消费水平下跌了26.9%。

在10月7日以后,出于安全考虑,以色列大部分区域立即采取了戒严措施。此后虽然多数企业和商户重新开门营业,但消费者信心已经大受打击,家庭支出显著减少。到了11月份,由于哈马斯发动进一步袭击的威胁仍然很高,导致以色列的消费者信心暴跌。市场研究公司Ipsos的数据显示,从去年10月到11月,以色列消费者信心的环比下降幅度是全球所有国家中最大的。

另外,在靠近加沙的边境城镇和靠近黎巴嫩的北部边境,还有数千个家庭流离失所,这也影响了消费支出水平。至于这些以色列人是否会返回家园,目前还有待观察。而他们不稳定的生活状况也影响了他们的消费水平。

在房地产领域,受战争影响,房地产投资水平在去年年底显著下跌。在10月初双方刚刚开战时,有些分析人士预计以色列的房地产将遭遇比疫情期间更大的困难。房地产投资的下降也反映了整个国民经济遭受的困难。上一季度,以色列的固定收益投资整体下降了68%。

另外,以色列的劳动力市场也面临着不小的挑战。自开战以来,以色列国防军已经征召了大约40万名预备役军人入伍,这部分劳动力也从经济生产被转移到战争前线。与此同时,很多巴勒斯坦人,特别是来自约旦河西岸的巴勒斯坦人的工作许可证被暂停,这也给建筑业和农业造成了影响。以色列的农业还雇佣了很多海外工人,他们主要来自泰国,而自开战以来,这些外籍雇工几乎都已回国。据以政府估计,截至11月底,已经有大约1万名工人逃离了以色列。

预计今年和明年,以色列的经济下行趋势将会逆转。2024年,以色列经济预计将增长2%。以色列政府表示,一旦战争平息,经济将会全面复苏。毕竟在去年10月7日前,以色列的经济是相当健康的,而作为该国经济支柱的科技行业更是十分强大,在全世界都享有盛誉。(财富中文网)

译者:朴成奎

以色列在加沙的作战行动已经对以色列经济造成了沉重打击。据以色列中央统计局统计,2023年第四季度,以色列经济较上一季度萎缩了近20%。

考虑到10月7日恐怖袭击后爆发的战争烈度,以色列经济暴跌当然并不令人意外,但是跌幅还是超出了外界的预期。经合组织(OECD)去年11月的一份报告曾预测以色列去年的GDP增长率为2.3%,但实际上仅为2.0%。而在10月7日的恐怖袭击发生前,以色列的年度GDP增长率是有望实现3.5%的目标的。

以色列年度GDP的下降,充分显示了哈马斯发动的袭击以及以军在加沙地区的报复行动给国民经济造成的严重影响。虽然以色列今年的经济大概率会有所复苏,但由于战争持续时间的不确定性,这些经济数据还有进一步变化的可能,甚至有可能会给整个中东和全球经济带来连锁反应。

这场战争对以色列的两个领域影响最为严重,一个是消费支出,另一个就是房地产投资。上季度,以色列的居民私人消费水平下跌了26.9%。

在10月7日以后,出于安全考虑,以色列大部分区域立即采取了戒严措施。此后虽然多数企业和商户重新开门营业,但消费者信心已经大受打击,家庭支出显著减少。到了11月份,由于哈马斯发动进一步袭击的威胁仍然很高,导致以色列的消费者信心暴跌。市场研究公司Ipsos的数据显示,从去年10月到11月,以色列消费者信心的环比下降幅度是全球所有国家中最大的。

另外,在靠近加沙的边境城镇和靠近黎巴嫩的北部边境,还有数千个家庭流离失所,这也影响了消费支出水平。至于这些以色列人是否会返回家园,目前还有待观察。而他们不稳定的生活状况也影响了他们的消费水平。

在房地产领域,受战争影响,房地产投资水平在去年年底显著下跌。在10月初双方刚刚开战时,有些分析人士预计以色列的房地产将遭遇比疫情期间更大的困难。房地产投资的下降也反映了整个国民经济遭受的困难。上一季度,以色列的固定收益投资整体下降了68%。

另外,以色列的劳动力市场也面临着不小的挑战。自开战以来,以色列国防军已经征召了大约40万名预备役军人入伍,这部分劳动力也从经济生产被转移到战争前线。与此同时,很多巴勒斯坦人,特别是来自约旦河西岸的巴勒斯坦人的工作许可证被暂停,这也给建筑业和农业造成了影响。以色列的农业还雇佣了很多海外工人,他们主要来自泰国,而自开战以来,这些外籍雇工几乎都已回国。据以政府估计,截至11月底,已经有大约1万名工人逃离了以色列。

预计今年和明年,以色列的经济下行趋势将会逆转。2024年,以色列经济预计将增长2%。以色列政府表示,一旦战争平息,经济将会全面复苏。毕竟在去年10月7日前,以色列的经济是相当健康的,而作为该国经济支柱的科技行业更是十分强大,在全世界都享有盛誉。(财富中文网)

译者:朴成奎

Israel’s war in Gaza has taken a toll on the country’s economy. In the fourth quarter of 2023, Israel’s economy contracted almost 20% compared to the previous quarter, according to the Central Bureau of Statistics.

The declines were expected, given the war that broke out following the Oct. 7 terrorist attacks, but they were higher than forecasted. A November report had predicted an annual GDP growth rate of 2.3%, according to a forecast from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The actual growth rate of Israel’s GDP was 2.0% for 2023. That number was still below estimates and the pre-Oct. 7 trajectory, which saw annual growth on track to hit 3.5%.

The drop in Israel’s GDP highlights the lasting effects of Hamas’s attacks and the ongoing war in Gaza. A recovery is to be expected this quarter and throughout 2024—although, given the uncertain duration of the war, these figures could be subject to further change, which could have ripple effects throughout the Middle East and global economy.

The worse-than-forecasted results were driven primarily by two sectors that were heavily impacted by the war: consumer spending and real estate investment. Private consumption in the quarter declined 26.9%.

Immediately after Oct. 7, much of Israel shut down due to security concerns. Many businesses have reopened since then, but consumer confidence remains low, meaning that households are spending less. In November, consumer confidence in Israel plummeted as the threat of further attacks from Hamas remained high. From October to November, Israel had the biggest month-to-month declines in consumer confidence of any country in the world, according to market research firm Ipsos.

Israeli spending was also hurt by the fact that thousands of families have been displaced from border towns near Gaza and in northern Israel near the Lebanese border. Whether these Israelis will return to their homes remains to be seen. In the meantime, their precarious living situations have reduced their discretionary spending.

In the real estate market, investment was down markedly after the war caused the property market to stumble toward the end of 2023. At the very beginning of the war, in early October, some analysts expected the Israeli property sector to struggle more than it had during COVID lockdowns. The drops in real estate investment mirror those across the entire economy, where fixed income investment fell 68% in the quarter.

Israel’s economy is also facing a challenged labor market. Since the start of the war, the Israeli Defense Force has called up some 400,000 reservists to serve in the military, diverting their efforts from the workforce to the war’s front lines. Meanwhile many Palestinians, especially from the West Bank, have had their work permits suspended, upending the construction and agriculture sectors. The Israeli agricultural sector also has many overseas workers, mainly from Thailand, almost all of whom have returned home since the start of the war. By the end of November, some 10,000 workers had left Israel, according to government estimates.

Much of the economic slowdown is expected to reverse course this year and into 2025. In 2024, Israel’s economy is expected to grow as much as 2%. Once the war subsides, the Israeli government expects a full economic recovery. Prior to Oct. 7, Israel’s economy was healthy, bolstered by its resilient, world-class tech sector.

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