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新投资者能否让曼联东山再起?

新投资者能否让曼联东山再起?

RYAN HOGG 2024-02-21
在经历了过去十年不尽人意的表现之后,曼联如今正不断挑战着人们对这个赚钱品牌的忠诚度底线。

图片来源:JAMES GILL—GETTY IMAGES

在当代,曼联是英国最成功的球队,大卫·贝克汉姆和克里斯蒂亚诺·罗纳尔多从这里走向了世界舞台,并收获了无数荣誉。然而过去十年中,这家俱乐部与粉丝们的高预期渐行渐远。

在球场上,自前任经理亚历克斯·弗格森爵士2013年离职之后,球队便不复昔日荣光。在离职前,弗格森带领俱乐部走过了辉煌的26个年头。

随之而来的是五位“永久”经理,连续六年与奖杯无缘,倒是创下了多个纪录,但大多都是不良纪录。这段时期,其最大的竞争对手曼城和利物浦俱乐部则在突飞猛进。

然而,上述问题并未削弱俱乐部的聚财能力,它的控制者是美国亿万富翁格雷泽家族,该家族还拥有坦帕湾海盗队的美国国家橄榄球联盟(NFL)特许经营权。

去年,即便该俱乐部因退出欧洲顶级俱乐部之间的竞赛——欧冠赛,而被迫发布盈利预警,但6.484亿英镑的营收创下了当时英超的纪录。

Opta Power Rankings显示,曼联在球场上的成绩排名已经下滑到了可怜的第29位。尽管如此,按照《福布斯》(Forbes)最新排名,曼联依然是全球最有价值的足球俱乐部,仅次于西班牙巨头皇家马德里。

如今,英国亿万富翁吉姆·拉特克里夫爵士的英力士集团(INEOS)已经持有曼联25%的股份,并承诺接手俱乐部的赛事运营,重塑其辉煌。

在俱乐部新加入的少数股东中,拉特克里夫以179亿美元的净资产居于首位。令这些股东越发担心的是,球场上的一再失利以及不断变化的年龄结构,可能会让曼联进入漫长的下行通道。

自英力士集团收购曼联可观的少数股权后,拉特克里夫在一份针对格雷泽家族的声明中表示:“尽管俱乐部的商业成功确保了其始终拥有可用的资金来赢取最高级别赛事奖项,但这一潜力在近期并未得到充分释放。”

“我们共同的目标十分明确:所有人都希望看到曼联重回本应属于它的位置——英国、欧洲和全球足球赛事的顶级球队。”

曼联这颗摇钱树为什么会屹立不倒?

爱康诺(ICONIC)首席执行官和创始人、COPA90前任首席商务官詹姆斯·科克汉姆解释称,曼联是一个体育经济学难以解释的“反常品牌”。

科克汉姆对《财富》杂志说:“曼联是迪士尼、法拉利和苹果的融合体。这个俱乐部现有的故事、历史,甚至神话,将其品牌价值及其吸金潜力推至全新高度。”

尽管球场上的成功可以让俱乐部赚到奖金和门票销售收入,但这家欧洲最大俱乐部的大部分收入则源于赛场之外。

也就是转播和商业合同。数十年间,曼联始终在这一领域一枝独秀。

德勤(Deloitte)最新的足球财务报告称,商业交易占到了英国俱乐部营收的32%。对于曼联来说,这个数字约为47%。

律所Charles Russell Speechlys LLP合伙人理查德·戴维斯表示:“例如,曼联的一些球衣赞助交易多年来一直在价值方面处于市场领先地位,而这一点也让其成为了一枝独秀的存在。”

“之所以会这样,其品牌的价值及其全球性的粉丝群体为其带来的受众市场功不可没。过去20年中,实现上述收入最大化的举措一直做的非常成功。”

曼联代表并未回复《财富》的置评请求。

曼联的品牌忠诚度很强,但并非没有限度

尽管品牌忠诚度通常难获易丢,但在体育界,即便忠诚度被压榨至崩溃边缘,大多数粉丝甚至都不会出现更换阵营的想法,而且在大多数情况下,粉丝们永远都不会另投他派。

这种情感是如此之强烈,以至于Charles Russell Speechlys的戴维斯称,在向潜在投资者或买家推销自己时,足球俱乐部常常把粉丝的忠诚度吹嘘成一种近乎有形的资产。

曼联前副主席爱德华·伍德沃德甚至有一次公开批评了一种理论:俱乐部在赛季中优异的表现对于其财务业绩的增长提供了助力。

他曾在2018年对股东说:“赛事成绩好坏并不会对我们的商业业绩带来实质性的影响。”

利物浦大学(University of Liverpool)教授兼The Price of Football播客联合主持人基兰·马奎尔认为,伍德沃德是对的,不过他的评论也有不周之处。

马奎尔说:“曼联无需通过赢得球赛来维持其全球粉丝群。”

“这是一个长达一生的荣辱与共关系。如果男人们能够像忠于其足球队那样忠于其妻子,那么就不会有离婚。”

然而,尽管现有的支持者可能永不会背叛俱乐部,但曼联面临的是年轻粉丝芳心争夺战,而且这些粉丝对于曼联昔日的辉煌并不了解。

经营着Football Finance Professionals (FFP)、居住于曼彻斯特的内尔·伍德表示,他发现越来越多的年轻粉丝逐渐开始选择支持曼城队,因为这支队伍的表现始终好于曼联。

新首席执行官手持复苏利器

说到足球经营,曼联这支球队钱没少花,但与曼联品牌的匹配度似乎越来越差。

CIES Football Observatory称,2014-2023年期间,这个俱乐部在球员转会费上的净开支达到了创纪录的11.9亿英镑(约合15.2亿美元),是其竞争对手利物浦足球俱乐部的四倍。

然而,要说哪些球员在加入曼联后一举成名,俱乐部的大多数粉丝都说不出几个。曼联在当时联赛中的平均得分要远低于弗格森时期的水平。

然而,新的投资会带来变革的希望,可能最显著的变革来自于4英里之外的城区另一边。

曼联于上周任命奥马尔·贝拉达担任其首席执行官,这是曼联从家乡竞争对手曼城那里挖过来的,当时,他在曼城担任首席足球经营官。

这在足球圈里被誉为一个重大胜利,不仅仅是因为其前雇主的原因。

The Price of Football网播主持人马奎尔对《财富》杂志说:“曼联这些年在人才方面的成本过高,因此,对市场价值有更好判断的人会防止曼联调入这一陷阱。”

去年,曼联决定停止向股东定期支付股息,马奎尔认为这是俱乐部经营方式的另一个重大转变。

其他承诺,包括拉特克里夫投资俱乐部的3亿美元承诺金,让粉丝们重燃希望,觉得俱乐部真有可能在未来某一天再次角逐最高奖项。

一旦收购被英超批准,那么英力士集团则需要尽快让曼联扭转颓势,并避免让这个江河日下的品牌不至于侵蚀俱乐部赖以生存的创纪录收入。

英力士集团的代表并未回复置评请求。(财富中文网)

译者:冯丰

审校:夏林

在当代,曼联是英国最成功的球队,大卫·贝克汉姆和克里斯蒂亚诺·罗纳尔多从这里走向了世界舞台,并收获了无数荣誉。然而过去十年中,这家俱乐部与粉丝们的高预期渐行渐远。

在球场上,自前任经理亚历克斯·弗格森爵士2013年离职之后,球队便不复昔日荣光。在离职前,弗格森带领俱乐部走过了辉煌的26个年头。

随之而来的是五位“永久”经理,连续六年与奖杯无缘,倒是创下了多个纪录,但大多都是不良纪录。这段时期,其最大的竞争对手曼城和利物浦俱乐部则在突飞猛进。

然而,上述问题并未削弱俱乐部的聚财能力,它的控制者是美国亿万富翁格雷泽家族,该家族还拥有坦帕湾海盗队的美国国家橄榄球联盟(NFL)特许经营权。

去年,即便该俱乐部因退出欧洲顶级俱乐部之间的竞赛——欧冠赛,而被迫发布盈利预警,但6.484亿英镑的营收创下了当时英超的纪录。

Opta Power Rankings显示,曼联在球场上的成绩排名已经下滑到了可怜的第29位。尽管如此,按照《福布斯》(Forbes)最新排名,曼联依然是全球最有价值的足球俱乐部,仅次于西班牙巨头皇家马德里。

如今,英国亿万富翁吉姆·拉特克里夫爵士的英力士集团(INEOS)已经持有曼联25%的股份,并承诺接手俱乐部的赛事运营,重塑其辉煌。

在俱乐部新加入的少数股东中,拉特克里夫以179亿美元的净资产居于首位。令这些股东越发担心的是,球场上的一再失利以及不断变化的年龄结构,可能会让曼联进入漫长的下行通道。

自英力士集团收购曼联可观的少数股权后,拉特克里夫在一份针对格雷泽家族的声明中表示:“尽管俱乐部的商业成功确保了其始终拥有可用的资金来赢取最高级别赛事奖项,但这一潜力在近期并未得到充分释放。”

“我们共同的目标十分明确:所有人都希望看到曼联重回本应属于它的位置——英国、欧洲和全球足球赛事的顶级球队。”

曼联这颗摇钱树为什么会屹立不倒?

爱康诺(ICONIC)首席执行官和创始人、COPA90前任首席商务官詹姆斯·科克汉姆解释称,曼联是一个体育经济学难以解释的“反常品牌”。

科克汉姆对《财富》杂志说:“曼联是迪士尼、法拉利和苹果的融合体。这个俱乐部现有的故事、历史,甚至神话,将其品牌价值及其吸金潜力推至全新高度。”

尽管球场上的成功可以让俱乐部赚到奖金和门票销售收入,但这家欧洲最大俱乐部的大部分收入则源于赛场之外。

也就是转播和商业合同。数十年间,曼联始终在这一领域一枝独秀。

德勤(Deloitte)最新的足球财务报告称,商业交易占到了英国俱乐部营收的32%。对于曼联来说,这个数字约为47%。

律所Charles Russell Speechlys LLP合伙人理查德·戴维斯表示:“例如,曼联的一些球衣赞助交易多年来一直在价值方面处于市场领先地位,而这一点也让其成为了一枝独秀的存在。”

“之所以会这样,其品牌的价值及其全球性的粉丝群体为其带来的受众市场功不可没。过去20年中,实现上述收入最大化的举措一直做的非常成功。”

曼联代表并未回复《财富》的置评请求。

曼联的品牌忠诚度很强,但并非没有限度

尽管品牌忠诚度通常难获易丢,但在体育界,即便忠诚度被压榨至崩溃边缘,大多数粉丝甚至都不会出现更换阵营的想法,而且在大多数情况下,粉丝们永远都不会另投他派。

这种情感是如此之强烈,以至于Charles Russell Speechlys的戴维斯称,在向潜在投资者或买家推销自己时,足球俱乐部常常把粉丝的忠诚度吹嘘成一种近乎有形的资产。

曼联前副主席爱德华·伍德沃德甚至有一次公开批评了一种理论:俱乐部在赛季中优异的表现对于其财务业绩的增长提供了助力。

他曾在2018年对股东说:“赛事成绩好坏并不会对我们的商业业绩带来实质性的影响。”

利物浦大学(University of Liverpool)教授兼The Price of Football播客联合主持人基兰·马奎尔认为,伍德沃德是对的,不过他的评论也有不周之处。

马奎尔说:“曼联无需通过赢得球赛来维持其全球粉丝群。”

“这是一个长达一生的荣辱与共关系。如果男人们能够像忠于其足球队那样忠于其妻子,那么就不会有离婚。”

然而,尽管现有的支持者可能永不会背叛俱乐部,但曼联面临的是年轻粉丝芳心争夺战,而且这些粉丝对于曼联昔日的辉煌并不了解。

经营着Football Finance Professionals (FFP)、居住于曼彻斯特的内尔·伍德表示,他发现越来越多的年轻粉丝逐渐开始选择支持曼城队,因为这支队伍的表现始终好于曼联。

新首席执行官手持复苏利器

说到足球经营,曼联这支球队钱没少花,但与曼联品牌的匹配度似乎越来越差。

CIES Football Observatory称,2014-2023年期间,这个俱乐部在球员转会费上的净开支达到了创纪录的11.9亿英镑(约合15.2亿美元),是其竞争对手利物浦足球俱乐部的四倍。

然而,要说哪些球员在加入曼联后一举成名,俱乐部的大多数粉丝都说不出几个。曼联在当时联赛中的平均得分要远低于弗格森时期的水平。

然而,新的投资会带来变革的希望,可能最显著的变革来自于4英里之外的城区另一边。

曼联于上周任命奥马尔·贝拉达担任其首席执行官,这是曼联从家乡竞争对手曼城那里挖过来的,当时,他在曼城担任首席足球经营官。

这在足球圈里被誉为一个重大胜利,不仅仅是因为其前雇主的原因。

The Price of Football网播主持人马奎尔对《财富》杂志说:“曼联这些年在人才方面的成本过高,因此,对市场价值有更好判断的人会防止曼联调入这一陷阱。”

去年,曼联决定停止向股东定期支付股息,马奎尔认为这是俱乐部经营方式的另一个重大转变。

其他承诺,包括拉特克里夫投资俱乐部的3亿美元承诺金,让粉丝们重燃希望,觉得俱乐部真有可能在未来某一天再次角逐最高奖项。

一旦收购被英超批准,那么英力士集团则需要尽快让曼联扭转颓势,并避免让这个江河日下的品牌不至于侵蚀俱乐部赖以生存的创纪录收入。

英力士集团的代表并未回复置评请求。(财富中文网)

译者:冯丰

审校:夏林

Manchester United is England’s most successful team in the modern era, but the club where David Beckham and Cristiano Ronaldo announced themselves on the world stage and won the biggest trophies has fallen short of fans’ lofty expectations for over a decade.

On the pitch, the team’s success has dried up since the departure of former manager Sir Alex Ferguson in 2013 after a hugely successful 26-year tenure at the club.

What followed has been five “permanent” managers, a six-year trophy drought, and several broken records, mostly for the wrong reasons. This period has also seen the meteoric rise of its biggest rivals Manchester City and Liverpool F.C.

But that hasn’t dented the financial fortunes of the club, who are majority owned by the U.S. billionaire Glazer family, who also control the Tampa Bay Buccaneers NFL franchise.

Last year’s £648.4 million revenue figure was a Premier League record at the time, even as the club was forced to issue a profit warning following its exit from the Champions League—Europe’s premier club competition.

United remains the second most valuable soccer club in the world behind Spanish giant Real Madrid, according to Forbes’ latest ranking. That’s despite United ranking a lowly 29th based on on-pitch performance, according to Opta Power Rankings.

Now U.K. billionaire Sir Jim Ratcliffe’s INEOS has taken a 25% stake in United with a promise to take over the club’s sporting operations and return it to former glories.

But for the club’s new minority owners, led by Ratcliffe’s $17.9 billion net worth, there is growing concern that repeated disappointment on the pitch and changing demographics could set United on a path of long-term decline.

“Whilst the commercial success of the Club has ensured there have always been available funds to win trophies at the highest level, this potential has not been fully unlocked in recent times,” Ratcliffe said in a pointed statement toward the Glazer family after INEOS acquired its sizeable minority stake in the club.

“Our shared ambition is clear: we all want to see Manchester United back where we belong, at the very top of English, European and world football.”

How does Manchester United remain a money-making machine?

James Kirkham, CEO and Founder of ICONIC and former chief business officer at COPA90, explains that Manchester United is an “anomaly brand” that defies sporting economics.

“Manchester United is a brand comparable with Disney, Ferrari, and Apple all rolled into one. The club ready-makes storylines, history, even mythology—driving its brand value and its financial potential to a whole new level,” Kirkham told Fortune.

While on-field success can garner revenue through prize money and ticket sales, the real money for Europe’s biggest teams is won off the pitch.

This comes through broadcast and commercial agreements, and it’s here where United has led its rivals for decades.

Commercial deals make up 32% of revenue for English teams, according to Deloitte’s latest Annual Review of Football Finance report. For Manchester United, that figure is around 47%.

“Some of their shirt sponsorship deals for example have led the market in terms of valuations over a number of years, and that’s where they’ve really differentiated themselves,” says Richard Davies, a partner at law firm Charles Russell Speechlys LLP.

“That comes down to the value of their brand and all the markets they’re able to sell into because of their global fan base. And maximizing that revenue has been something which has been very successful over the last 20 years.”

A representative for Manchester United didn’t respond to Fortune’s request for comment.

Manchester United’s brand loyalty is strong—but it has limits

While brand loyalty is usually difficult to win and easy to lose, in sports that quality can be stretched to breaking point far before most fans even think about switching allegiances—and in most cases they never will.

The bond is so strong that Charles Russell Speechlys’ Davies says soccer clubs will often tout the loyalty of their fans as an almost tangible asset when pitching to prospective investors or buyers.

Man United’s former vice chairman Ed Woodward even once publicly dispelled the theory that a strong season for the club had played a part in boosting its finances.

“Playing performance doesn’t really have a meaningful impact on what we can do on the commercial side of the business,” he told shareholders in 2018.

Kieran Maguire, a professor at the University of Liverpool and co-host of The Price of Football podcast, argues that Woodward was right, even if his comments were ill-judged.

“United does not have to win football matches to maintain its global fan base,” Maguire said.

“It’s a lifelong relationship through good and bad. If men were as faithful to their wives as they are to their football teams, we’d have no divorce.”

But while existing supporters may never turn their backs on the club, Manchester United faces a battle to win the hearts and minds of younger fans who are unaccustomed to United’s past success.

Neill Wood, who runs Football Finance Professionals (FFP) and lives in Manchester, says he notices a growing tide of younger fans increasingly choosing to support Manchester City as the team consistently outperforms United.

A new CEO could hold the key to a resurgence

When it comes to footballing operations, the team increasingly looks like an expensive distraction to the Manchester United brand.

The club’s net spend on player transfers hit a record £1.19 billion ($1.52 billion) between 2014 and 2023, according to the CIES Football Observatory—quadruple that of successful rivals Liverpool F.C.

But most followers of the club struggle to point to more than a handful of those players who could be regarded as successful since joining. The club’s average points tally in the league in that time has been well below its Ferguson-era figure.

But with fresh investment comes hope for change, perhaps the biggest coming from a four-mile journey across town.

United appointed Omar Berrada as its CEO last week, snatching him from his role as chief football operations officer at hometown rivals Manchester City.

It’s been regarded in soccer circles as a major coup, not just because of where he’s coming from.

“United overpaid for talent in recent years, so somebody who has a better indication as to market value will prevent Manchester United from falling into that trap,” The Price of Football podcast host Maguire told Fortune.

Last year, United decided not to pay shareholders their regular dividend, something Maguire views as another symbolic shift in the way the club operates.

Other pledges, including a $300 million commitment from Ratcliffe to invest in the club, are giving fans hope that the team really may one day compete for the biggest prizes again.

Once the acquisition is ratified by the Premier League, the race is on for INEOS to turn the tide around at United, and save a decaying brand from eroding those record-breaking revenues the club has come to rely on.

A representative for INEOS Group didn’t respond to a request for comment.

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