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自2020年以来,世界前五大富豪的财富翻倍

自2020年以来,世界前五大富豪的财富翻倍

Paolo Confino 2024-01-18
如果最富有的人继续以当前的速度增加财富,未来十年将会诞生第一位万亿富翁。

富人愈富,而且这个趋势非常明显。

国际乐施会(Oxfam International)的最新报告显示,全球前五大富豪的资产净值在短短三年多时间里,从4,050亿美元增长到8,690亿美元,翻了一番。从2020年3月到2023年11月,埃隆·马斯克、杰夫·贝佐斯、拉里·埃里森、沃伦·巴菲特和贝尔纳·阿尔诺(及其家人)等世界顶级富豪的资产净值都大幅增长。

而同期全球60%(约48亿人)最贫困人口的集体财富减少了0.2%,虽然这个比例较小,却凸显出贫富群体截然不同的趋势。富人的状况明显变得更好,而穷人的处境稍微变差。

该报告预测,如果最富有的人继续以当前的速度增加财富,未来十年将会诞生第一位万亿富翁。但乐施会预测,全球彻底消灭贫困,即把全球每天收入不超过6.85美元的人口比例减少到1%以下,需要229年。

在乐施会发布报告的同时,全球的富人们、最有权势的公司高管和位高权重的政客们,正在瑞士达沃斯参加世界经济论坛(World Economic Forum)。

乐施会的临时首席执行官阿利玛·希夫吉在报告所附的一份声明里表示:“我们不能接受这种极端状况成为新常态,全世界难以承受再经历十年分裂的后果。”

这份报告发布的时机,暴露出全球最富有和最贫困人群的发展轨迹存在明显差异,凸显出财富不平等这个持久存在的问题。这个问题在2011年“占领华尔街”(Occupy Wall Street)运动之后变得更加紧迫。“占领华尔街”运动让“1%”成为描述全球最富有者的一个通用术语。

成为首位万亿富翁的竞赛

在美国收入水平排进前1%的家庭,年收入要达到约652,000美元。这当然是一大笔钱,而且几乎能够保证舒适的生活,但这与乐施会提到的亿万富翁们的财富相比根本不值一提。马斯克、贝佐斯等人在很早以前就超过了这个门槛。前五大富豪都创建了公司,要么自己担任首席执行官,要么以最大股东的身份掌控公司。

乐施会认为,大公司的财富大部分来自员工的努力,他们的工作并没有得到相应的报酬。乐施会的报告称,商界的现状“为大公司创造了前所未有的利润,精英阶层的高管得到了丰厚的薪酬,股东们则获得了巨额财富。”

美国劳工联合会-产业工会联合会(AFL-CIO)的另外一份报告显示,一位标准普尔500(S&P 500)指数里的公司的首席执行官的收入,比普通上班族高272倍。

美国在提高工人工资方面似乎取得了一些进展。美国劳工统计局(Bureau of Labor Statistics)最近的数据显示,2023年第三季度,周薪同比上涨了4.5%,但通胀仅上涨了3.5%。

瑞士投行瑞银集团(UBS)的报告显示,2022年,百万富翁人数减少,但这是因为全球通货膨胀和不利的汇率所造成的偏差,而不是金融资产达到平衡。报告还预测,到2027年,百万富翁人数将增加44%,而家庭资产超过5,000万美元的超高资产净值人士预计将增加53%。

但乐施会的报告指出,对许多人而言,改善财务状况的希望似乎正在消失,有48亿人比2019年变得更贫困。

在关于收入不平等的辩论中,全球新冠疫情的影响是另外一个焦点。在新冠疫情期间,许多人被困在家中,或者因为随之而来的经济衰退而面临失业,但其他人却在以前所未有的程度积攒财富。经济衰退导致企业倒闭和失业率飙升,但股市却一片繁荣。尽管经济不景气,马斯克和贝佐斯等人,作为自己创立的公司的大股东,却变得更加富有。

2020年3月至2021年4月期间,全球每17个小时就会诞生一位亿万富翁,有493人的资产净值达到九位数。2021年10月,新冠疫情爆发约一年半后,美国前400位富豪的资产净值增长了40%,增加了4.5万亿美元。与此同时,据美国劳工统计局统计,新冠疫情爆发之后的裁员人数大幅增加,虽然失业水平有所好转,但依旧有740万美国人失业。

虽然新冠疫情已经基本成为过去式,但乐施会的临时首席执行官希夫吉呼吁各国政府不要忽视疫情所揭露的经济现实。

她说:“我们可以建立一个更公平的经济体系,让所有人都能够从中受益。”(财富中文网)

译者:刘进龙

审校:汪皓

富人愈富,而且这个趋势非常明显。

国际乐施会(Oxfam International)的最新报告显示,全球前五大富豪的资产净值在短短三年多时间里,从4,050亿美元增长到8,690亿美元,翻了一番。从2020年3月到2023年11月,埃隆·马斯克、杰夫·贝佐斯、拉里·埃里森、沃伦·巴菲特和贝尔纳·阿尔诺(及其家人)等世界顶级富豪的资产净值都大幅增长。

而同期全球60%(约48亿人)最贫困人口的集体财富减少了0.2%,虽然这个比例较小,却凸显出贫富群体截然不同的趋势。富人的状况明显变得更好,而穷人的处境稍微变差。

该报告预测,如果最富有的人继续以当前的速度增加财富,未来十年将会诞生第一位万亿富翁。但乐施会预测,全球彻底消灭贫困,即把全球每天收入不超过6.85美元的人口比例减少到1%以下,需要229年。

在乐施会发布报告的同时,全球的富人们、最有权势的公司高管和位高权重的政客们,正在瑞士达沃斯参加世界经济论坛(World Economic Forum)。

乐施会的临时首席执行官阿利玛·希夫吉在报告所附的一份声明里表示:“我们不能接受这种极端状况成为新常态,全世界难以承受再经历十年分裂的后果。”

这份报告发布的时机,暴露出全球最富有和最贫困人群的发展轨迹存在明显差异,凸显出财富不平等这个持久存在的问题。这个问题在2011年“占领华尔街”(Occupy Wall Street)运动之后变得更加紧迫。“占领华尔街”运动让“1%”成为描述全球最富有者的一个通用术语。

成为首位万亿富翁的竞赛

在美国收入水平排进前1%的家庭,年收入要达到约652,000美元。这当然是一大笔钱,而且几乎能够保证舒适的生活,但这与乐施会提到的亿万富翁们的财富相比根本不值一提。马斯克、贝佐斯等人在很早以前就超过了这个门槛。前五大富豪都创建了公司,要么自己担任首席执行官,要么以最大股东的身份掌控公司。

乐施会认为,大公司的财富大部分来自员工的努力,他们的工作并没有得到相应的报酬。乐施会的报告称,商界的现状“为大公司创造了前所未有的利润,精英阶层的高管得到了丰厚的薪酬,股东们则获得了巨额财富。”

美国劳工联合会-产业工会联合会(AFL-CIO)的另外一份报告显示,一位标准普尔500(S&P 500)指数里的公司的首席执行官的收入,比普通上班族高272倍。

美国在提高工人工资方面似乎取得了一些进展。美国劳工统计局(Bureau of Labor Statistics)最近的数据显示,2023年第三季度,周薪同比上涨了4.5%,但通胀仅上涨了3.5%。

瑞士投行瑞银集团(UBS)的报告显示,2022年,百万富翁人数减少,但这是因为全球通货膨胀和不利的汇率所造成的偏差,而不是金融资产达到平衡。报告还预测,到2027年,百万富翁人数将增加44%,而家庭资产超过5,000万美元的超高资产净值人士预计将增加53%。

但乐施会的报告指出,对许多人而言,改善财务状况的希望似乎正在消失,有48亿人比2019年变得更贫困。

在关于收入不平等的辩论中,全球新冠疫情的影响是另外一个焦点。在新冠疫情期间,许多人被困在家中,或者因为随之而来的经济衰退而面临失业,但其他人却在以前所未有的程度积攒财富。经济衰退导致企业倒闭和失业率飙升,但股市却一片繁荣。尽管经济不景气,马斯克和贝佐斯等人,作为自己创立的公司的大股东,却变得更加富有。

2020年3月至2021年4月期间,全球每17个小时就会诞生一位亿万富翁,有493人的资产净值达到九位数。2021年10月,新冠疫情爆发约一年半后,美国前400位富豪的资产净值增长了40%,增加了4.5万亿美元。与此同时,据美国劳工统计局统计,新冠疫情爆发之后的裁员人数大幅增加,虽然失业水平有所好转,但依旧有740万美国人失业。

虽然新冠疫情已经基本成为过去式,但乐施会的临时首席执行官希夫吉呼吁各国政府不要忽视疫情所揭露的经济现实。

她说:“我们可以建立一个更公平的经济体系,让所有人都能够从中受益。”(财富中文网)

译者:刘进龙

审校:汪皓

The rich keep getting richer—and drastically so.

The five richest people in the world doubled their combined net worth from $405 billion to $869 billion in just over three years, a new Oxfam International report shows. Elon Musk, Jeff Bezos, Larry Ellison, Warren Buffett, and Bernard Arnault (including his family) all topped the list of the world’s richest people whose net worth skyrocketed from March 2020 to November 2023.

During the same time period, the collective wealth of the poorest 60% of the world’s population—approximately 4.8 billion people—fell 0.2%, which, while a small percentage, illustrates the divergent trends for the rich and the poor. Things get drastically better for those with money and marginally worse for this without it.

If the fortunes of the wealthiest individuals continue to grow at their current pace, the world could see its first trillionaire in the next 10 years, the report projects. But Oxfam predicts it would take 229 years for global poverty to be eliminated, defined as reducing the number of people earning $6.85 a day to less than 1% globally.

Oxfam’s report comes as the world’s wealthiest people, highest powered executives, and ranking politicians meet in Davos, Switzerland, at the World Economic Forum.

“These extremes cannot be accepted as the new norm, the world can’t afford another decade of division,” Oxfam interim CEO Aleema Shivji said in a statement accompanying the report.

The timing of the report draws a stark contrast between the trajectories of the world’s wealthiest and the world’s poorest—highlighting the continued problem of wealth inequality, which gained new urgency following the Occupy Wall Street movement in 2011. The movement popularized the term “the 1%,” making it a catchall term for the world’s richest people.

The race to become the first trillionaire

To be in the top 1% of U.S. earners, a household would need to earn about $652,000 a year. Certainly a large amount of money, and one that can virtually guarantee a comfortable life, but hardly the level of wealth enjoyed by the billionaires Oxfam cites. Musk, Bezos, and company each surpassed that threshold long ago. All five also founded companies which they either run as CEO or control as the largest shareholders.

Much of the wealth generated by large companies comes off the backs of workers who aren’t always properly compensated for their roles, Oxfam argues. The current state of the business world “generated unprecedented profits for major companies, fantastic pay for an elite class of executives and tremendous wealth for shareholders,” Oxfam’s report says.

An S&P 500 CEO earns 272 times more than the average worker, according to a separate report from labor union AFL-CIO.

The U.S. appears to be making some headway in improving workers’ wages. In the third quarter of 2023, weekly wages rose 4.5% compared to the same time the year before, while inflation only rose 3.5%, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ latest available data.

The number of millionaires fell in 2022, according to a report from Swiss investment bank UBS, but that was more an aberration due to inflation and unfavorable foreign exchange rates around the globe, rather than the evening out of financial assets. The report also predicted that by 2027, the number of millionaires would increase 44%, while the number of ultra-high-net-worth individuals, defined as households with over $50 million in assets, was projected to increase 53%.

For many, though, the hope of improving their financial position appears to be slipping further away, with 4.8 billion people poorer than they were in 2019 before the pandemic, according to Oxfam.

The global strife of the COVID-19 pandemic became another flashpoint for debate about income inequality. During that time period, many were stuck at home or faced unemployment as a result of the ensuing economic downturn, but others were enriching themselves at previously unprecedented levels. As the economy faltered, with businesses shuttering and unemployment soaring, the stock market boomed. As the major shareholders of the companies they founded, those like Musk and Bezos got richer despite a lagging economy.

Between March 2020 and April 2021 the world minted a new billionaire every 17 hours, as 493 people joined the ranks of those with nine-figure net worths. In October 2021, about a year and a half into the pandemic, the 400 richest people in the U.S. grew their net worth by 40%, accumulating an additional $4.5 trillion. At the same time unemployment levels were recovering from the surge of layoffs that accompanied the outset of the pandemic, but still saw 7.4 million Americans out of work, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Despite the pandemic being mostly in the rearview mirror, Shivji, Oxfam’s interim CEO called on governments to not overlook the economic realities it brought to the fore.

“A fairer economy is possible, one that works for us all,” she said.

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