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谷歌应用商店输掉反垄断官司,每年或损失数十亿佣金

谷歌应用商店输掉反垄断官司,每年或损失数十亿佣金

美联社 2023-12-19
此次败诉对谷歌是一次沉重的打击。

图片来源:KYLE GRILLOT—BLOOMBERG VIA GETTY IMAGES

近期,美国联邦法院在一起反垄断诉讼中判处谷歌败诉,理由是谷歌的安卓应用商店和支付系统存在反竞争壁垒,因而损害了智能手机用户和软件开发者的利益。

安卓系统是谷歌科技帝国的一个主要支柱,因而此次败诉显然对谷歌是一次沉重的打击。不过这对Epic游戏商城却是一次重大胜利——Epic是热门网游《堡垒之夜》的开发者,也是这次诉讼的原告。有分析人士表示,这起诉讼对于整个游戏开发界来说也是一场胜利。

以下问题能有助于你更好地了解这场官司的来龙去脉及其意义。

Epic为何状告谷歌?

Epic公司的总部位于美国北卡罗来纳州的卡里市。它早在三年前就对谷歌提起了诉讼,称这家搜索巨头滥用其垄断地位,对它的Play Store应用商店施加垄断性保护,从而每年都可以坐收几十亿美元的垄断性收入。谷歌应用商店会向所有应用内数字交易收取15%至30%不等的佣金,其收费机制和苹果公司大同小异。

谷歌何以败诉?

此案的陪审团在听取双方律师两个多小时的结案陈词后,仅用三个小时就做出了裁决。

他们最终选择站在了Epic一边。Epic公司的律师加里·伯恩斯坦因将谷歌描述成了一个无情的霸凌者,称谷歌使用了“贿赂和封锁”的策略,以防止Play Store受到外部竞争威胁,并且设置了重重阻碍,使用户难以或不敢从Play Store以外的渠道下载安卓应用。

“谷歌让安卓赛道上的所有竞争对手都难以对其形成挑战。如果我们把竞争比成一场竞赛,那么谷歌就像在一条平坦的好路上奔跑,而其他人就像是在流沙上奔跑。”

Epic在初始诉讼中表示,谷歌“想方设法阻止应用发行商向安卓手机用户提供访问其他竞争性应用商店的渠道。”

Epic公司的起诉书称,若不是由于谷歌的这些“反竞争”行为,安卓用户就“可以像在普通电脑上一样,从开发者的网站上免费下载应用,而不是必须通过它的应用商店。”

从技术上讲,不经过谷歌Play Store,其实也是能下载安卓应用的。不过Epic公司认为,这对大多数人来说太麻烦了,比如如果不经过谷歌应用商店下载《堡垒之夜》,则需要多达16个步骤。而且如果你试图绕过谷歌应用商店,谷歌还会对你“发出可怕的警告恐吓消费者,好让大多数人放弃这个繁琐的过程。”

谷歌的律师则抨击Epic是一家自私自利的游戏开发商,此次诉讼纯粹是为了利用法院来给自己省钱,同时也给安卓这个覆盖几十亿部手机且唯一能与苹果iPhone系统正面竞争的生态系统造成了破坏。

Epic这种敢于鸡蛋碰石头的态度显然赢得了陪审团的好感。两方的CEO也都作为关键证人出庭了。谷歌CEO桑达尔·皮查伊解释起这些复杂问题时颇似一位大学教授。而Epic的首席执行官蒂莫西·斯威尼则把自己放在了一个普通的网络游戏爱好者的地位上,仿佛他的使命就是像《头号玩家》一样,打败这个贪婪的科技巨头。

接下来会发生什么?

谷歌曾试图避免陪审团审判,但该请求被美国地区法官詹姆斯·多纳托驳回了。下一步将由多纳托来决定谷歌应如何解除Play Store中的相关违法行为。多纳托表示,他将于1月份的第二周就此问题举行听证会。

谷歌则表示将该裁决提起上诉。不过Wedbush公司分析师迈克尔·帕切特认为,上诉对于谷歌将是一场“艰苦的战斗”。虽然现在还不清楚谷歌必须采取哪些补救措施,不过帕切特表示,谷歌的竞争对手肯定会把重点放在应用商店的收费问题上。在苹果一案中,法官曾裁定苹果公司不得实施“反引流条款”,也就是说,苹果公司不得禁止开发者将用户引流向自家应用商店以外的第三方支付商店。虽然苹果在自家应用商店中的收费机制基本上没有受到影响,但是“禁止‘反引流条款’也使得这些APP逐渐挖走了很多直接面向消费者的交易。”苹果公司也正在就该裁定提出上诉。

帕切特在一篇研究文章中指出:“我们认为苹果最终会输掉上诉。但是谷歌的败诉却使得安卓平台内各大应用商店直接竞争的局面成为可能。我们认为,这有可能会导致未来几年平台收费的降低。”

对谷歌意味着什么?

谷歌的Play Store有可能会损失掉每年数十亿美元的佣金——这具体要取决于法官如何执行陪审团的裁决。但谷歌的主要收入来源,也就是搜索引擎数字广告和Gmail服务,则不会受到显著影响。

谷歌母公司Alphabet的股价本周二下略微下挫不到1%。不过这支股票今年已经上涨了50%左右。

苹果不是赢了一场差不多的官司吗?

的确,Epic在状告谷歌之前,也起诉过苹果的iPhone应用商店,而且苹果还打赢了官司。不过这场发生在2021年的官司是由一位联邦法官裁决的,而且该案目前正在美国最高法院上诉。

虽然谷歌在技术上并未限制用户从其他应用商店下载应用程序(苹果是不许iPhone用户这样做的),但是在Epic状告谷歌一案中,该案的9人陪审团显然是以不同的角度看待这个问题的。(财富中文网)

译者:朴成奎

近期,美国联邦法院在一起反垄断诉讼中判处谷歌败诉,理由是谷歌的安卓应用商店和支付系统存在反竞争壁垒,因而损害了智能手机用户和软件开发者的利益。

安卓系统是谷歌科技帝国的一个主要支柱,因而此次败诉显然对谷歌是一次沉重的打击。不过这对Epic游戏商城却是一次重大胜利——Epic是热门网游《堡垒之夜》的开发者,也是这次诉讼的原告。有分析人士表示,这起诉讼对于整个游戏开发界来说也是一场胜利。

以下问题能有助于你更好地了解这场官司的来龙去脉及其意义。

Epic为何状告谷歌?

Epic公司的总部位于美国北卡罗来纳州的卡里市。它早在三年前就对谷歌提起了诉讼,称这家搜索巨头滥用其垄断地位,对它的Play Store应用商店施加垄断性保护,从而每年都可以坐收几十亿美元的垄断性收入。谷歌应用商店会向所有应用内数字交易收取15%至30%不等的佣金,其收费机制和苹果公司大同小异。

谷歌何以败诉?

此案的陪审团在听取双方律师两个多小时的结案陈词后,仅用三个小时就做出了裁决。

他们最终选择站在了Epic一边。Epic公司的律师加里·伯恩斯坦因将谷歌描述成了一个无情的霸凌者,称谷歌使用了“贿赂和封锁”的策略,以防止Play Store受到外部竞争威胁,并且设置了重重阻碍,使用户难以或不敢从Play Store以外的渠道下载安卓应用。

“谷歌让安卓赛道上的所有竞争对手都难以对其形成挑战。如果我们把竞争比成一场竞赛,那么谷歌就像在一条平坦的好路上奔跑,而其他人就像是在流沙上奔跑。”

Epic在初始诉讼中表示,谷歌“想方设法阻止应用发行商向安卓手机用户提供访问其他竞争性应用商店的渠道。”

Epic公司的起诉书称,若不是由于谷歌的这些“反竞争”行为,安卓用户就“可以像在普通电脑上一样,从开发者的网站上免费下载应用,而不是必须通过它的应用商店。”

从技术上讲,不经过谷歌Play Store,其实也是能下载安卓应用的。不过Epic公司认为,这对大多数人来说太麻烦了,比如如果不经过谷歌应用商店下载《堡垒之夜》,则需要多达16个步骤。而且如果你试图绕过谷歌应用商店,谷歌还会对你“发出可怕的警告恐吓消费者,好让大多数人放弃这个繁琐的过程。”

谷歌的律师则抨击Epic是一家自私自利的游戏开发商,此次诉讼纯粹是为了利用法院来给自己省钱,同时也给安卓这个覆盖几十亿部手机且唯一能与苹果iPhone系统正面竞争的生态系统造成了破坏。

Epic这种敢于鸡蛋碰石头的态度显然赢得了陪审团的好感。两方的CEO也都作为关键证人出庭了。谷歌CEO桑达尔·皮查伊解释起这些复杂问题时颇似一位大学教授。而Epic的首席执行官蒂莫西·斯威尼则把自己放在了一个普通的网络游戏爱好者的地位上,仿佛他的使命就是像《头号玩家》一样,打败这个贪婪的科技巨头。

接下来会发生什么?

谷歌曾试图避免陪审团审判,但该请求被美国地区法官詹姆斯·多纳托驳回了。下一步将由多纳托来决定谷歌应如何解除Play Store中的相关违法行为。多纳托表示,他将于1月份的第二周就此问题举行听证会。

谷歌则表示将该裁决提起上诉。不过Wedbush公司分析师迈克尔·帕切特认为,上诉对于谷歌将是一场“艰苦的战斗”。虽然现在还不清楚谷歌必须采取哪些补救措施,不过帕切特表示,谷歌的竞争对手肯定会把重点放在应用商店的收费问题上。在苹果一案中,法官曾裁定苹果公司不得实施“反引流条款”,也就是说,苹果公司不得禁止开发者将用户引流向自家应用商店以外的第三方支付商店。虽然苹果在自家应用商店中的收费机制基本上没有受到影响,但是“禁止‘反引流条款’也使得这些APP逐渐挖走了很多直接面向消费者的交易。”苹果公司也正在就该裁定提出上诉。

帕切特在一篇研究文章中指出:“我们认为苹果最终会输掉上诉。但是谷歌的败诉却使得安卓平台内各大应用商店直接竞争的局面成为可能。我们认为,这有可能会导致未来几年平台收费的降低。”

对谷歌意味着什么?

谷歌的Play Store有可能会损失掉每年数十亿美元的佣金——这具体要取决于法官如何执行陪审团的裁决。但谷歌的主要收入来源,也就是搜索引擎数字广告和Gmail服务,则不会受到显著影响。

谷歌母公司Alphabet的股价本周二下略微下挫不到1%。不过这支股票今年已经上涨了50%左右。

苹果不是赢了一场差不多的官司吗?

的确,Epic在状告谷歌之前,也起诉过苹果的iPhone应用商店,而且苹果还打赢了官司。不过这场发生在2021年的官司是由一位联邦法官裁决的,而且该案目前正在美国最高法院上诉。

虽然谷歌在技术上并未限制用户从其他应用商店下载应用程序(苹果是不许iPhone用户这样做的),但是在Epic状告谷歌一案中,该案的9人陪审团显然是以不同的角度看待这个问题的。(财富中文网)

译者:朴成奎

Google lost an antitrust lawsuit over barriers to its Android app store, as a federal court jury has decided that the company’s payments system was anticompetitive and damaged smartphone consumers and software developers.

It’s a blow to a major pillar of Google’s technology empire. But it’s a win for Epic Games, the maker of the popular Fortnite video game that brought the lawsuit — and, analysts say, for the broader game developer community.

Below are some questions and answers about what the verdict means.

Why did Epic sue?

Epic, which is based in Cary, North Carolina, filed its lawsuit against Google three years ago, alleging that the internet search giant has been abusing its power to shield its Play Store from competition in order to protect a gold mine that makes billions of dollars annually. Just as Apple does for its iPhone app store, Google collects a commission ranging from 15%-30% on digital transactions completed within apps.

How did Google lose?

The jury reached its decision with just three hours of deliberation after listening to two hours of closing arguments from the lawyers on the opposing sides of the case.

They sided with Epic, whose lawyer depicted Google as a ruthless bully that deploys a “bribe and block” strategy to discourage competition against its Play Store for Android apps. Google, Epic lawyer Gary Bornstein said, makes it too cumbersome or worrisome for consumers to download Android apps from other distribution outlets than the Play Store.

“Google makes it a challenge to put a competitor on the phone (powered by Android),” Bornstein said. “If a competition were a race, it’s like Google gets to run on a nice smooth track and everyone else has to run on quicksand.”

In its original lawsuit, Epic said Google “prevents app distributors from providing Android users ready access to competing app stores.”

Were it not for Google’s “anticompetitive” behavior, Epic said in its complaint, Android users “could freely download apps from developers’ websites, rather than through an app store, just as they might do on a personal computer.”

Technically, it is possible to download apps from outside of Google’s Play Store, but Epic argued that for most people this is too cumbersome, requiring as many as 16 steps, for instance, to download Fortnite. And for those who try, Google sends “dire warnings that scare most consumers into abandoning the lengthy process.”

Google’s lawyer, meanwhile, attacked Epic as a self-interested game maker trying to use the courts to save itself money while undermining an ecosystem that has spawned billions of Android smartphones to compete against Apple and its iPhone.

Epic’s David vs. Goliath approach seems to have won over the jury. A key witness, Google CEO Sundar Pichai, sometimes seemed like a professor explaining complex topics while standing behind a lectern because of a health issue. Epic CEO Timothy Sweeney, meanwhile, painted himself as a video game lover on a mission to take down a greedy tech titan.

What happens next?

Google sought to avoid having a jury trial, only to have its request rejected by U.S. District Judge James Donato. Now, Donato will determine what steps Google will have to take to unwind its illegal behavior in the Play Store. The judge indicated he will hold hearings on the issue during the second week of January.

Google said it will appeal the decision. But Wedbush analyst Michael Pachter says the search giant faces an “uphill battle.” While remedies Google must enact haven’t yet been decided, Pachter said he believes that its rivals will focus on the fee the company charges developers in its store. In the Apple case, the judge barred the company from implementing “anti-steering provisions,” Pachter said, that is, preventing developers from steering people toward third-party payment stores outside of Apple’s own app store. While Apple’s fees within its own store remain largely unchallenged, he added, “the anti-steering prohibition has led to a slow creep of traffic toward direct-to-consumer transactions.” Apple is still appealing the decision.

“We expect Apple to ultimately lose its appeal,” Pachter said in a research note. “Google’s loss, however, allows for DIRECT store competition within its Android platform, and we believe that it is likely to result in lower platform fees over the next several years.”

What does the verdict mean for Google?

Depending on how the judge enforces the jury’s verdict, Google could lose billions of dollars in annual profit generated from its Play Store commissions. But the company’s main source of revenue — digital advertising tied mostly to its search engine, Gmail and other services — won’t be directly affected by the trial’s outcome.

Shares in Google’s parent company, Mountain View, California-based Alphabet Inc., slipped less than 1% on Tuesday. The stock is up 50% so far this year.

Didn’t Apple win a similar case?

Indeed, Apple prevailed in a similar case that Epic brought against the iPhone app store. But that 2021 trial was decided by a federal judge in a ruling that is currently under appeal at the U.S. Supreme Court.

The nine-person jury in the Play Store case apparently saw things through a different lens, even though Google technically allows Android apps to be downloaded from different stores — an option that Apple prohibits on the iPhone.

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