立即打开
这些人更易遭受长期新冠的困扰

这些人更易遭受长期新冠的困扰

Erin Prater 2023-03-28
一项英国研究发现,某些人群患新冠后遗症的风险明显更高。

2022年11月21日,正与“长期新冠”症状作斗争的唐娜·戴维斯-多尼希在家中(位于英国伦敦肯辛顿区)展示了她用来帮助自己入睡的面具。图片来源:THE WASHINGTON POST/GETTY IMAGES

一项新的研究表明,年龄、性别、体重指数和既往病史等因素可能使个人遭受“长期新冠”困扰的风险更高。

3月23日发表在《美国医学会杂志内科学》(Journal of the American Medical Association Internal Medicine)上的这项英国研究发现,某些人群患新冠后遗症的风险明显更高,新冠后遗症困扰着全球数百万人。

谁最有可能患新冠后遗症?

• 女性

• 40岁以上

• 肥胖人群

• 吸烟者

• 感染新冠病毒前免疫功能抑制患者

• 因为感染新冠病毒而住院的患者

• 在感染新冠病毒前有以下情况的人:

o 焦虑或抑郁

o 糖尿病

o 哮喘或慢性阻塞性肺病

研究人员调查了41项已经发表的研究结果,这些研究总共涉及超过86万名患者。他们发现,上述情况与患新冠后遗症(新冠后遗症是指感染新冠病毒三个月后还有症状,这些症状持续三个月或更长时间)的风险密切相关。

研究结果支持了女性和高龄是患新冠后遗症的风险因素的说法。几种风险类别之间的一个潜在共同点是:预先存在的炎症可能会延长期新冠急性期(“甚至是在患者康复后”)。作者写道,就女性而言,激素和肥胖都可能发挥促炎作用。

这对大部分人来说不是什么好消息。然而,也有好消息:研究人员发现,至少接种两剂新冠疫苗似乎可以降低患“长期新冠”的风险。他们指出,其他研究也得出了类似的结论。其中包括英国国家统计局(U.K. Office of National Statistics)最近的一份报告,该报告发现,接种两剂新冠疫苗的人患潜在致残疾病的风险降低了42%。

专家说,从持续咳嗽和疲劳到耳朵麻木和“大脑着火”的感觉,已经确定了200多种症状,毋庸置疑,“长期新冠”不是一种疾病,而是多种疾病。

一些人认为,真正的“长期新冠”最好被定义为感染新冠病毒后出现的慢性疲劳样综合征,类似于感染疱疹、莱姆病和埃博拉(Ebola)等后可能出现的其他病毒感染后综合征。

一些专家说,其他新冠并发症,例如器官损伤,不应该被定义为“长期新冠”,而更适合纳入PASC这一更大的范畴。这一术语也被称为新冠后急性后遗症,用于涵盖各种新冠后遗症,从慢性疲劳样症状和心脏病到持久的肺损伤和尿失禁、瘙痒和皮肤病损等奇怪的新症状。

凯撒家庭基金会(Kaiser Family Foundation)1月26日的一份报告援引美国疾病控制与预防中心(U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)的数据称,截至1月16日,15%的美国成年人报告在新冠疫情期间的某个阶段出现了“长期新冠”症状,6%的人报告这些症状持续时间很长。

报告显示,感染过新冠病毒但报告“长期新冠”症状的美国人的比例从2022年6月的19%降至今年1月的11%。(财富中文网)

译者:中慧言-王芳

一项新的研究表明,年龄、性别、体重指数和既往病史等因素可能使个人遭受“长期新冠”困扰的风险更高。

3月23日发表在《美国医学会杂志内科学》(Journal of the American Medical Association Internal Medicine)上的这项英国研究发现,某些人群患新冠后遗症的风险明显更高,新冠后遗症困扰着全球数百万人。

谁最有可能患新冠后遗症?

• 女性

• 40岁以上

• 肥胖人群

• 吸烟者

• 感染新冠病毒前免疫功能抑制患者

• 因为感染新冠病毒而住院的患者

• 在感染新冠病毒前有以下情况的人:

o 焦虑或抑郁

o 糖尿病

o 哮喘或慢性阻塞性肺病

研究人员调查了41项已经发表的研究结果,这些研究总共涉及超过86万名患者。他们发现,上述情况与患新冠后遗症(新冠后遗症是指感染新冠病毒三个月后还有症状,这些症状持续三个月或更长时间)的风险密切相关。

研究结果支持了女性和高龄是患新冠后遗症的风险因素的说法。几种风险类别之间的一个潜在共同点是:预先存在的炎症可能会延长期新冠急性期(“甚至是在患者康复后”)。作者写道,就女性而言,激素和肥胖都可能发挥促炎作用。

这对大部分人来说不是什么好消息。然而,也有好消息:研究人员发现,至少接种两剂新冠疫苗似乎可以降低患“长期新冠”的风险。他们指出,其他研究也得出了类似的结论。其中包括英国国家统计局(U.K. Office of National Statistics)最近的一份报告,该报告发现,接种两剂新冠疫苗的人患潜在致残疾病的风险降低了42%。

专家说,从持续咳嗽和疲劳到耳朵麻木和“大脑着火”的感觉,已经确定了200多种症状,毋庸置疑,“长期新冠”不是一种疾病,而是多种疾病。

一些人认为,真正的“长期新冠”最好被定义为感染新冠病毒后出现的慢性疲劳样综合征,类似于感染疱疹、莱姆病和埃博拉(Ebola)等后可能出现的其他病毒感染后综合征。

一些专家说,其他新冠并发症,例如器官损伤,不应该被定义为“长期新冠”,而更适合纳入PASC这一更大的范畴。这一术语也被称为新冠后急性后遗症,用于涵盖各种新冠后遗症,从慢性疲劳样症状和心脏病到持久的肺损伤和尿失禁、瘙痒和皮肤病损等奇怪的新症状。

凯撒家庭基金会(Kaiser Family Foundation)1月26日的一份报告援引美国疾病控制与预防中心(U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)的数据称,截至1月16日,15%的美国成年人报告在新冠疫情期间的某个阶段出现了“长期新冠”症状,6%的人报告这些症状持续时间很长。

报告显示,感染过新冠病毒但报告“长期新冠”症状的美国人的比例从2022年6月的19%降至今年1月的11%。(财富中文网)

译者:中慧言-王芳

Factors like age, gender, BMI, and pre-existing conditions may put individuals at higher risk for long COVID, according to a new study.

Published on March 23 in the Journal of the American Medical Association Internal Medicine, the U.K.-based study found that certain groups of people are at a significantly higher risk of developing the post-viral condition, thought to affect millions around the world.

Who is most at risk for long COVID?

• Women

• Over 40

• People with obesity

• Smokers

• Those who were immunosuppressed before COVID

• People who were hospitalized with COVID

• People who had the following conditions before COVID:

o anxiety or depression

o Diabetes

o asthma or COPD

Researchers examined the results of 41 published studies, with a combined total of more than 860,000 patients. They found that the aforementioned conditions were strongly associated with a higher risk of long COVID symptoms persisting three or more months after infection.

The results bolster the case that female gender and older age serve as risk factors for developing long COVID. A potential common thread among several risk categories: pre-existing inflammation, which may extend the acute phase of COVID “even after recovery.” In the case of females, hormones might play a role in inflammatory status, while obesity shares a proinflammatory profile with long COVID, the authors write.

That’s not-so-great news for a giant swath of the population. There is good news, however: At least two doses of COVID vaccination seemed to lower the risk of developing long COVID, researchers found. Other studies have come to similar conclusions, they note. They include a recent report from the U.K. Office of National Statistics, which found that those with two doses of COVID vaccine had a 42% lower risk of developing the potentially disabling condition.

With more than 200 symptoms identified—from lingering cough and fatigue to ear numbness and a sensation of “brain on fire”—long COVID is undoubtedly not one but multiple conditions, experts say.

True long COVID, some contend, is best defined as a chronic-fatigue-syndrome-like condition that develops after a COVID infection, similar to other post-viral syndromes that can occur after an infection with herpes, Lyme disease, and Ebola, among others.

Other post-COVID complications like organ damage should not be defined as long COVID and better fit into the larger umbrella category of PASC, some experts say. Also known as post-acute sequelae of COVID-19, the term is used to encompass a wide variety of COVID consequences, from chronic-fatigue-like symptoms and subsequent heart disease to lasting lung damage and odd new symptoms like urinary incontinence, itching, and skin lesions.

As of Jan. 16, 15% of U.S. adults reported having long COVID symptoms at some point in the pandemic, and 6% reported lingering symptoms, according to a Jan. 26 report by the Kaiser Family Foundation, citing data from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

The percent of Americans who’ve experienced COVID and still report long COVID symptoms dropped from 19% in June to 11% in January, according to the report.

热读文章
热门视频
扫描二维码下载财富APP