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利好消息不断,美国人却更加悲观

利好消息不断,美国人却更加悲观

TRISTAN BOVE 2023-02-09
美国2022年第四季度工资增长了1%,全年增长了5.1%,但由于高通胀,去年实际工资仍下降了1.2%。

拜登政府想强调经济方面的利好消息,但美国人还是一如既往地悲观。图片来源:HANNAH BEIER—BLOOMBERG/GETTY IMAGES

从许多方面来看,美国经济火力全开——至少在很多领域全速前进。自去年夏天以来,通货膨胀率已显著下降,自2020年新冠肺炎疫情引发经济衰退以来,实际国内生产总值增长了近17%,雇主在2022年增加了创纪录的450万个工作岗位,根据上周1月份的就业报告,失业率降至3.4%,创53年来的新低之后,这一招聘趋势一直持续到新的一年。

但是,全世界经济方面的利好消息可能都不足以扭转美国人对经济、股市和介于两者之间的一切的悲观情绪,这种悲观情绪成了顽疾。

根据盖洛普周一发布的一项新民调,大多数美国人预计通货膨胀率和利率将在未来六个月内上升,他们对同期经济增长和股市表现的前景也同样悲观。

上个月的消费者物价指数报告将年度通胀率的连续下降时间延长至6个月,同比通胀率目前徘徊在6.5%。但盖洛普在1月2日至1月22日期间收集的调查结果显示,67%的美国成年人预计今年上半年通胀率将再次上升,其中39%的人认为通胀率将"大幅上升"。近四分之三的美国人预计利率将在未来六个月继续上升,并拖累经济增长,43%的人认为今年经济增长将放缓。至于失业率,41%的美国人认为未来几个月失业率将开始上升。

鉴于过去几个月经济方面的利好消息,包括前财政部长拉里·萨默斯(Larry Summers)在内的几位曾经持悲观态度的经济学家都对经济前景持乐观态度。虽然最近的预计强调了当前经济形势的奇特性和不确定性,但最新的盖洛普调查结果强调美国人的悲观情绪成顽疾,而且近期经济指标反映的现实与公众认知之间的鸿沟日益扩大。

利好消息

美国经济目前是否陷入衰退的问题凸显了人们在观点上的日益脱节。根据Morning Consult公司1月份的一项调查,几乎一半的美国人认为美国经济陷入衰退,但目前大多数指标都表明美国经济没有陷入衰退。

美国财政部长珍妮特·耶伦(Janet Yellen)周一在接受美国广播公司《早安美国》节目采访时表示,低失业率和强劲的劳动力市场并不是经济萎缩的典型迹象。

她说:"如果就业市场有50万个工作岗位,而且失业率处于50多年来的最低水平,那么就不会出现衰退。"她补充说,现在的经济看起来"强劲而有弹性"。

去年最后几个月工资增长放缓和消费支出减弱也支持了通货膨胀正在降温的论点,尽管这些因素也对美国员工造成了打击,并可能导致对经济的负面看法。通货膨胀对美国中产阶级来说尤其艰难,他们不得不动用储蓄来维持生计。

2022年第四季度工资增长了1%,全年增长了5.1%,但由于高通胀,去年实际工资仍下降了1.2%。

普遍的悲观情绪

但是,如果最近的经济新闻都指向积极的方向,为什么大多数美国人仍然如此悲观呢?

盖洛普的调查显示,一大重要因素可能是人们倾向于将股市表现与经济表现联系起来。与最近有关通胀和就业的利好消息不同,市场在过去一年里一直处于低迷状态,预计至少在2023年底之前不会出现复苏。

接受盖洛普调查的美国人中,只有31%的人预计2023年上半年股市会有所好转,而创纪录的48%的人预计,随着利率持续上升,股市会进一步下跌。

党派分歧也加剧了美国人的悲观情绪,共和党人对通货膨胀将上升的预期比民主党人高23个百分点。共和党人也更可能对股市表现、经济增长和就业持悲观态度。

自去年以来,共和党人对经济的看法更加悲观。在美联社-全国民意研究中心(AP-NORC)12月的一项调查中,超过一半的美国人认为自己的个人财务状况良好,但59%的民主党人认为整体经济状况“糟糕”,而共和党人的这一比例为90%。

过去一年,拜登总统因政府对通货膨胀和公共开支计划的处理方式,包括去年的《通胀削减法案》,经常受到共和党议员的批评。但拜登预计将在周二的国情咨文演讲中重点强调近期经济方面的利好消息,他也可能在2024年竞选连任时重点强调经济方面的利好消息。(财富中文网)

译者:中慧言-王芳

从许多方面来看,美国经济火力全开——至少在很多领域全速前进。自去年夏天以来,通货膨胀率已显著下降,自2020年新冠肺炎疫情引发经济衰退以来,实际国内生产总值增长了近17%,雇主在2022年增加了创纪录的450万个工作岗位,根据上周1月份的就业报告,失业率降至3.4%,创53年来的新低之后,这一招聘趋势一直持续到新的一年。

但是,全世界经济方面的利好消息可能都不足以扭转美国人对经济、股市和介于两者之间的一切的悲观情绪,这种悲观情绪成了顽疾。

根据盖洛普周一发布的一项新民调,大多数美国人预计通货膨胀率和利率将在未来六个月内上升,他们对同期经济增长和股市表现的前景也同样悲观。

上个月的消费者物价指数报告将年度通胀率的连续下降时间延长至6个月,同比通胀率目前徘徊在6.5%。但盖洛普在1月2日至1月22日期间收集的调查结果显示,67%的美国成年人预计今年上半年通胀率将再次上升,其中39%的人认为通胀率将"大幅上升"。近四分之三的美国人预计利率将在未来六个月继续上升,并拖累经济增长,43%的人认为今年经济增长将放缓。至于失业率,41%的美国人认为未来几个月失业率将开始上升。

鉴于过去几个月经济方面的利好消息,包括前财政部长拉里·萨默斯(Larry Summers)在内的几位曾经持悲观态度的经济学家都对经济前景持乐观态度。虽然最近的预计强调了当前经济形势的奇特性和不确定性,但最新的盖洛普调查结果强调美国人的悲观情绪成顽疾,而且近期经济指标反映的现实与公众认知之间的鸿沟日益扩大。

利好消息

美国经济目前是否陷入衰退的问题凸显了人们在观点上的日益脱节。根据Morning Consult公司1月份的一项调查,几乎一半的美国人认为美国经济陷入衰退,但目前大多数指标都表明美国经济没有陷入衰退。

美国财政部长珍妮特·耶伦(Janet Yellen)周一在接受美国广播公司《早安美国》节目采访时表示,低失业率和强劲的劳动力市场并不是经济萎缩的典型迹象。

她说:"如果就业市场有50万个工作岗位,而且失业率处于50多年来的最低水平,那么就不会出现衰退。"她补充说,现在的经济看起来"强劲而有弹性"。

去年最后几个月工资增长放缓和消费支出减弱也支持了通货膨胀正在降温的论点,尽管这些因素也对美国员工造成了打击,并可能导致对经济的负面看法。通货膨胀对美国中产阶级来说尤其艰难,他们不得不动用储蓄来维持生计。

2022年第四季度工资增长了1%,全年增长了5.1%,但由于高通胀,去年实际工资仍下降了1.2%。

普遍的悲观情绪

但是,如果最近的经济新闻都指向积极的方向,为什么大多数美国人仍然如此悲观呢?

盖洛普的调查显示,一大重要因素可能是人们倾向于将股市表现与经济表现联系起来。与最近有关通胀和就业的利好消息不同,市场在过去一年里一直处于低迷状态,预计至少在2023年底之前不会出现复苏。

接受盖洛普调查的美国人中,只有31%的人预计2023年上半年股市会有所好转,而创纪录的48%的人预计,随着利率持续上升,股市会进一步下跌。

党派分歧也加剧了美国人的悲观情绪,共和党人对通货膨胀将上升的预期比民主党人高23个百分点。共和党人也更可能对股市表现、经济增长和就业持悲观态度。

自去年以来,共和党人对经济的看法更加悲观。在美联社-全国民意研究中心(AP-NORC)12月的一项调查中,超过一半的美国人认为自己的个人财务状况良好,但59%的民主党人认为整体经济状况“糟糕”,而共和党人的这一比例为90%。

过去一年,拜登总统因政府对通货膨胀和公共开支计划的处理方式,包括去年的《通胀削减法案》,经常受到共和党议员的批评。但拜登预计将在周二的国情咨文演讲中重点强调近期经济方面的利好消息,他也可能在2024年竞选连任时重点强调经济方面的利好消息。(财富中文网)

译者:中慧言-王芳

By many accounts, the U.S. economy is firing on all cylinders—or at least a lot of cylinders. Inflation has come down markedly since last summer, real GDP has grown nearly 17% since the pandemic-induced 2020 recession, and employers added a record 4.5 million jobs in 2022, a hiring trend that has continued into the new year after last week’s explosive January jobs report brought the unemployment rate down to 3.4%, a 53-year low.

But all the good economic news in the world may not be enough to reverse Americans’ stubborn pessimism towards the economy, the stock market, and everything in between.

The majority of Americans are predicting inflation and interest rates will rise over the next six months, and they’re similarly pessimistic on the prospects of economic growth and stock market performance over the same period, according to a new poll released by Gallup Monday.

Last month’s CPI report extended the annual inflation rate’s decline streak to six consecutive months, and year-over-year inflation now hovers at 6.5%. But 67% of U.S. adults are forecasting inflation to rise again in the first half of the year, including 39% who say it will “go up a lot,” according to the Gallup poll, which collected results between Jan. 2 and Jan. 22. Nearly three-quarters of Americans expect interest rates to continue rising over the next six months and drag down economic growth, and 43% say it will slow this year. As for unemployment, 41% of Americans say it will start trending upward in the next few months.

In light of the positive economic news of the past few months, several once-pessimistic economists including former Treasury Secretary Larry Summers have brightened up on the economy’s prospects. And while recent forecasts have emphasized the current economic landscape’s strangeness and uncertainty, the latest Gallup results underscore the resilience of American gloominess, as well as the widening gulf between the reality of recent economic indicators and public perception.

The good news

Highlighting the growing disconnect in economic views is the question of whether the U.S. economy is currently in a recession. Almost half of Americans say it is, according to a January survey by Morning Consult, but most indicators right now are pointing to an economy that looks anything but recession-like.

Low unemployment and a strong labor market are not signs of an economy typically contracting, Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen said in a Monday interview with ABC’s Good Morning America.

“You don’t have a recession when you have 500,000 jobs and the lowest unemployment rate in more than 50 years,” she said, adding that the economy right now is looking “strong and resilient.”

Slower wage growth and weakening consumer spending in the last few months of last year also support the argument that inflation is on its way down, although these same factors have also dealt a blow to American workers, and may have lended to negative views on the economy. Inflation has been especially hard for the U.S. middle class, which has had to dip into savings just to get by.

Wages grew by 1% in the last quarter of 2022, and rose 5.1% over the entire year, but because of high inflation, real wages still declined 1.2% last year.

Prevailing pessimism

But if the recent economic news has all pointed in a positive direction, why are most Americans still so pessimistic?

An important factor may be a tendency to associate the stock market’s performance with that of the economy, according to the Gallup poll. Unlike recent positive news surrounding inflation and employment, markets have been in a rut for the past year, and forecasts aren’t betting on a recovery until the end of 2023 at least.

Only 31% of Americans polled by Gallup expect the stock market to improve in the first half of 2023, while a record-high 48% forecast it to fall even further as interest rates continue to rise.

Partisanship also played a role in Americans’ gloominess, with Republicans’ expectations that inflation will rise 23 percentage points higher than Democrats. Republicans were also more likely to hold pessimistic views towards the stock market’s performance, economic growth, and employment.

Republicans have been more gloomy about the economy since last year. While more than half of Americans described their personal financial situation as good in a December survey by AP-NORC, 59% of Democrats described the economy overall as “poor,” compared to 90% of Republicans.

President Biden has been routinely criticized by Republican lawmakers over the past year for his administration’s handling of inflation and public spending plans, including last year’s Inflation Reduction Act. But Biden is expected to double down on recent economic good news during Tuesday’s State of the Union address and for his likely 2024 reelection campaign.

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