立即打开
摩根大通高管:美国想控制通胀,就忍受经济衰退

摩根大通高管:美国想控制通胀,就忍受经济衰退

WILL DANIEL 2022-10-26
目前为止美联储的努力并没有取得经济学家们期待的效果。

2014年6月,摩根大通总裁兼首席运营官丹尼尔·平托。图片来源:SIMON DAWSON—BLOOMBERG/GETTY IMAGES

美国消费者要想最终控制通胀,必须面对经济衰退。

至少摩根大通(JPMorgan)总裁兼首席运营官丹尼尔·平托在周一这样表示。

平托对美国消费者新闻与商业频道(CNBC)表示:“我认为控制通胀非常重要。”他认为美联储应该继续加息,即使这样做可能导致经济增长放缓。“如果加息会导致较为严重的长期衰退,这是我们必须付出的代价”。

今年,为了控制通胀,美联储官员已经五次加息,但到目前为止美联储的努力并没有取得经济学家们期待的效果。

9月,美国通货膨胀最常用的指标消费物价指数(CPI)较一年前上涨了8.2%。虽然这比6月9.1%的40年最高水平低了近1个百分点,但依旧远高于美联储2%的目标。

不含波动性更大的食品与能源价格的核心通胀率,上个月刚刚打破40年最高水平,使美国经济陷入恶性衰退的说法变得更有说服力。

平托的言论属于鹰派,前美国财政部长拉里·萨默斯和剑桥大学(Cambridge)皇后学院(Queens’ College)院长穆罕默德·埃里安都属于这一阵营。

但并非所有知名经济学家和商业领袖都认为通胀会居高不下,或者美联储应该继续加息。从亿万富翁投资者巴里·斯特恩利希特到霍华德大学(Howard University)经济学教授威廉姆斯·斯普里格斯,有越来越多批评者认为通胀已经下降,美联储应该暂停加息,以免引发严重衰退。

周一,摩根大通首席运营官平托批评美联储的新鸽派观察者,称他从小在阿根廷长大的经历证明,抑制通胀应该是美联储的首要任务。

阿根廷经历了全世界史上最严重的通货膨胀。例如,9月,阿根廷消费物价同比上涨了83%。1944年至2015年,阿根廷的平均年度通胀率为204%。

平托回忆了自己在阿根廷的童年。他说由于通货膨胀,阿根廷比索的价值快速变化,工人的工资如果不兑换成美元,可能在一天内贬值高达20%。

平托表示,在他成长过程中,面对通货膨胀,超市不得不招聘“大批人员”每小时为产品更换价签。

他说:“每天结束营业时,他们不得不取走所有价签,第二天重新标价。”

在见证过恶性通胀的毁灭性影响之后,平托认为,央行在应对不断上涨的消费物价时应该采取激进措施,否则美国经济可能像阿根廷一样陷入恶性通胀,至少会像上世纪70年代和80年代的美国一样。

平托表示:“因此听到有人说‘美联储过于强硬’,我不敢苟同。”

他表示,美联储应该加息到5%的最高点,比当前水平高近2个百分点。他说如果美联储继续加息,会增加失业,但最终会使通胀得到控制。

但他现在对美国经济更有信心,认为美国能应对经济衰退的痛苦。他表示,美国家庭和企业的财务状况依旧良好,银行系统的杠杆率较低,而且抵押贷款标准远高于2008年。

平托表示:“以前导致问题的情况现在已经有明显好转。尽管如此,还是希望不会有新情况发生。”

然而,平托承认,一个潜在的“巨大黑天鹅”是俄乌冲突等地缘政治事件对全世界的影响。“黑天鹅”是指具有严重经济后果的不可预测事件。

最后,他表示,随着加息影响企业利润,预计美股市场会继续下跌。

他说道:“我并不认为市场已经探底。关于明年的企业营收,所有预测可能依旧过于乐观;包括标普在内多个股票市场的市盈率倍率略高。”(财富中文网)

译者:刘进龙

审校:汪皓

美国消费者要想最终控制通胀,必须面对经济衰退。

至少摩根大通(JPMorgan)总裁兼首席运营官丹尼尔·平托在周一这样表示。

平托对美国消费者新闻与商业频道(CNBC)表示:“我认为控制通胀非常重要。”他认为美联储应该继续加息,即使这样做可能导致经济增长放缓。“如果加息会导致较为严重的长期衰退,这是我们必须付出的代价”。

今年,为了控制通胀,美联储官员已经五次加息,但到目前为止美联储的努力并没有取得经济学家们期待的效果。

9月,美国通货膨胀最常用的指标消费物价指数(CPI)较一年前上涨了8.2%。虽然这比6月9.1%的40年最高水平低了近1个百分点,但依旧远高于美联储2%的目标。

不含波动性更大的食品与能源价格的核心通胀率,上个月刚刚打破40年最高水平,使美国经济陷入恶性衰退的说法变得更有说服力。

平托的言论属于鹰派,前美国财政部长拉里·萨默斯和剑桥大学(Cambridge)皇后学院(Queens’ College)院长穆罕默德·埃里安都属于这一阵营。

但并非所有知名经济学家和商业领袖都认为通胀会居高不下,或者美联储应该继续加息。从亿万富翁投资者巴里·斯特恩利希特到霍华德大学(Howard University)经济学教授威廉姆斯·斯普里格斯,有越来越多批评者认为通胀已经下降,美联储应该暂停加息,以免引发严重衰退。

周一,摩根大通首席运营官平托批评美联储的新鸽派观察者,称他从小在阿根廷长大的经历证明,抑制通胀应该是美联储的首要任务。

阿根廷经历了全世界史上最严重的通货膨胀。例如,9月,阿根廷消费物价同比上涨了83%。1944年至2015年,阿根廷的平均年度通胀率为204%。

平托回忆了自己在阿根廷的童年。他说由于通货膨胀,阿根廷比索的价值快速变化,工人的工资如果不兑换成美元,可能在一天内贬值高达20%。

平托表示,在他成长过程中,面对通货膨胀,超市不得不招聘“大批人员”每小时为产品更换价签。

他说:“每天结束营业时,他们不得不取走所有价签,第二天重新标价。”

在见证过恶性通胀的毁灭性影响之后,平托认为,央行在应对不断上涨的消费物价时应该采取激进措施,否则美国经济可能像阿根廷一样陷入恶性通胀,至少会像上世纪70年代和80年代的美国一样。

平托表示:“因此听到有人说‘美联储过于强硬’,我不敢苟同。”

他表示,美联储应该加息到5%的最高点,比当前水平高近2个百分点。他说如果美联储继续加息,会增加失业,但最终会使通胀得到控制。

但他现在对美国经济更有信心,认为美国能应对经济衰退的痛苦。他表示,美国家庭和企业的财务状况依旧良好,银行系统的杠杆率较低,而且抵押贷款标准远高于2008年。

平托表示:“以前导致问题的情况现在已经有明显好转。尽管如此,还是希望不会有新情况发生。”

然而,平托承认,一个潜在的“巨大黑天鹅”是俄乌冲突等地缘政治事件对全世界的影响。“黑天鹅”是指具有严重经济后果的不可预测事件。

最后,他表示,随着加息影响企业利润,预计美股市场会继续下跌。

他说道:“我并不认为市场已经探底。关于明年的企业营收,所有预测可能依旧过于乐观;包括标普在内多个股票市场的市盈率倍率略高。”(财富中文网)

译者:刘进龙

审校:汪皓

U.S. consumers may have to cope with a recession if they want inflation to finally go away.

At least that’s what JPMorgan’s president and COO, Daniel Pinto, said on Monday.

“I think putting inflation back in a box is very important,” Pinto told CNBC, arguing that the Federal Reserve should continue raising interest rates even as the economy slows. “If it causes a slightly deeper recession for a period of time, that is the price we have to pay.”

Fed officials have raised interest rates five times this year in an attempt to combat inflation, but so far, their efforts haven’t proved as fruitful as economists would have liked.

The most common measure of U.S. inflation, the consumer price index (CPI), rose 8.2% from a year ago in September. While that’s nearly a percentage point below June’s 40-year high of 9.1%, it’s still well above the Fed’s 2% target rate.

And core inflation, which excludes more volatile food and energy prices, hit its own fresh 40-year high just last month, lending weight to the argument that inflation is becoming “entrenched” in the economy.

Pinto’s comments are on the hawkish side, and he joins others including former Treasury Secretary Larry Summers and Queens’ College, Cambridge president Mohamed El-Erian.

But not every top economist and business leader believes that inflation is here to stay, or that the Fed should keep hiking rates. From billionaire investor Barry Sternlicht to Howard University economics Professor William Spriggs, there’s a growing chorus of critics who argue that inflation is already coming down and the Fed should pause its rate hikes before sparking a major recession.

On Monday, JPMorgan COO Pinto rebuked this new group of dovish Fed watchers, referencing his experience as a child in Argentina as evidence that fighting inflation needs to be a top priority for the Fed.

Argentina has historically dealt with some of the worst inflation in the world. In September, for example, consumer prices soared 83% year over year in the country. And between 1944 and 2015, Argentina’s average annual inflation was 204%.

Pinto recalled memories from his childhood in the South American nation, where he said the value of the Argentine peso changed so rapidly owing to inflation that workers could lose up to 20% of the value of their paychecks in a single day if they didn’t rush to change their money into U.S. dollars.

Pinto said that when he was growing up, supermarkets were forced to hire “armies of people” to relabel prices on products on an hourly basis as a result of inflation.

“At the end of the day, they had to remove all the labels and start over again the next day,” he said.

Pinto’s experience with the devastating effects of runaway inflation have led him to believe that central banks should be aggressive when fighting rising consumer prices, because if they don’t, inflation can become entrenched in the economy as it was in Argentina, and to a lesser extent in the U.S. in the 1970s and ’80s.

“That’s why when people say, ‘The Fed is too hawkish,′ I disagree,” Pinto said.

He went on to argue that the Fed should raise interest rates to a peak of 5%, nearly 2 percentage points above current levels. He said that if it does this, it will increase unemployment and finally bring inflation under control.

Pinto has more confidence in the U.S. economy’s ability to cope with the pain of a recession than he did in the past. He said that U.S. households and businesses still have strong balance sheets, there is less leverage in the banking system, and mortgage standards are far higher than they were in 2008.

“Things that triggered problems in the past are in a far better position now,” Pinto noted. “That said, you hope nothing new pops up.”

However, Pinto acknowledged that the potential “big Black Swan,” a term used to describe an unpredictable event with devastating economic consequences, is the spread of geopolitical tensions from Ukraine to the rest of the world.

Finally, he added that he expects the U.S. stock market to continue to fall as rate hikes weigh on corporate profits.

″I don’t think we’ve seen the bottom of the market yet,” he said. “When you think about corporate earnings heading into next year, expectations may still be too elevated; multiples in some equity markets including the S&P are probably a bit high.″

热读文章
热门视频
扫描二维码下载财富APP