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油价不会持续下滑,2023年将重返100美元以上

油价不会持续下滑,2023年将重返100美元以上

Will Daniel 2022-09-21
美国银行警告说,近期的油价下跌趋势可能已至尾声。

一位顾客在休斯顿的埃克森加油站加油。图片来源:BRANDON BELL—GETTY IMAGES

汽油价格在6月14日创下每加仑5.01美元的历史新高后,目前已经连续14周下跌。

根据美国汽车协会(American Automobile Association)的数据,9月19日,全美普通汽油的平均价格仅为每加仑3.67美元。

然而,与一年前相比,油价仍然上涨了约15%。就在拜登政府庆祝最近美国司机松了一口气之际,美国银行(Bank of America)警告说,近期的油价下跌趋势可能已至尾声。

该投资银行的分析师认为,油价将在今年年底前突破每桶100美元,并在2023年一直维持在这一水平,成为消费者难以承受之痛。9月19日,国际基准布伦特原油(Brent crude)报每桶91美元,本月早些时候曾经跌至88美元。

“我们预计油价不会大幅回落。”由大宗商品和衍生品策略师弗朗西斯科·布兰奇领导的美国银行团队在9月16日的一份研究报告中写道。“正如欧佩克(OPEC)和美国政府在过去两周中所表示的那样,美国和其他地方的通胀范围广泛,很可能会抬高油价底线。”

美国银行的观点是基于这样一种看法:由于新冠疫情封城和中国创纪录的热浪导致工厂关闭,亚洲对石油的需求在2022年受到抑制,但明年将会出现反弹,价格应该会随之波动。

国际能源署(IEA)的数据显示,中国今年的石油需求将下降2.7%,这是自2002年以来出现的首次下降。

美国银行的研究团队写道:“在未来几个月里,很容易推动油价大幅上涨的一大要素是亚洲的重新开放。事实上,到2023年,我们预计亚洲石油需求将占全球增长量的86%,而2022年这一比例仅为19%。”

除了亚洲对石油的需求不断上升外,美国银行的分析师还指出,欧佩克最近同意每日削减10万桶石油产量。尽管此次减产幅度相对较小,但这是欧佩克历史上首次在油价高于每桶90美元的情况下减产,这可能表明即使油价与历史水平相比仍然处于高位,欧佩克成员国在未来减产的意向会更大。

据美国银行称,最近天然气和煤炭价格的飙升是看涨未来一年油价的另一个原因。正如《财富》杂志此前报道的那样,当这些关键大宗商品的价格上涨时,一些公用事业公司往往会将发电的主要燃料转向石油,以维持盈利能力。当许多公用事业公司同时这样做时,可能会导致石油需求激增。

最后,美国银行的分析师表示,拜登政府最近表态给他们留下的印象是,当油价达到每桶80美元时,联邦政府可能会开始补充战略石油储备(Strategic Petroleum Reserve)。

今年3月,在俄乌冲突将油价短暂推高至每桶139美元以上之后,拜登总统从美国的战略石油储备中释放了1.8亿桶石油,以期降低天然气价格。但现在,必须取代石油。美国银行认为,当政府试图这样做时,最终会将油价的底线推高至一个大多数美国人都难以承受的水平。

预测风险

2022年,经济学家和分析人士多次警告称,这是历史上最难做出预测的时期之一。从国际政治紧张局势到全球通胀,变数太多,即便是最乐观的预测也有可能被推翻。

考虑到这一点,美国银行团队指出,他们的悲观预测存在多重风险。

首先,如果全球经济衰退来袭,石油需求可能就会下降,从而导致油价下跌。美国银行目前预计,明年全球经济增速仅为2.5%,在经济衰退的情况下,这一数字可能会大幅下降。

“简而言之,全球GDP增长和石油需求在近几个季度大幅放缓,如果经济活动进一步减弱,油价可能就会下跌。”分析师写道。

然而,尽管美国银行团队承认,“全球经济衰退带来关键的下行风险”,但他们补充说,他们仍然认为石油库存和产能较低应该会在明年年底之前使油价保持高位。

此外,如果由于俄乌冲突下西方对俄罗斯的制裁,俄罗斯的石油供应中断超过目前的水平,那么每桶100美元的油价目标很可能定的就有点低。

美国银行预计,俄罗斯明年将每天向全球市场供应约1,000万桶石油。他们估计,日供应量每损失100万桶石油,油价就会上涨20美元到25美元。

“因此,未来几个季度俄罗斯减产或供应进一步中断……石油市场可能很快就会得到警告。”他们写道。(财富中文网)

译者:中慧言-王芳

汽油价格在6月14日创下每加仑5.01美元的历史新高后,目前已经连续14周下跌。

根据美国汽车协会(American Automobile Association)的数据,9月19日,全美普通汽油的平均价格仅为每加仑3.67美元。

然而,与一年前相比,油价仍然上涨了约15%。就在拜登政府庆祝最近美国司机松了一口气之际,美国银行(Bank of America)警告说,近期的油价下跌趋势可能已至尾声。

该投资银行的分析师认为,油价将在今年年底前突破每桶100美元,并在2023年一直维持在这一水平,成为消费者难以承受之痛。9月19日,国际基准布伦特原油(Brent crude)报每桶91美元,本月早些时候曾经跌至88美元。

“我们预计油价不会大幅回落。”由大宗商品和衍生品策略师弗朗西斯科·布兰奇领导的美国银行团队在9月16日的一份研究报告中写道。“正如欧佩克(OPEC)和美国政府在过去两周中所表示的那样,美国和其他地方的通胀范围广泛,很可能会抬高油价底线。”

美国银行的观点是基于这样一种看法:由于新冠疫情封城和中国创纪录的热浪导致工厂关闭,亚洲对石油的需求在2022年受到抑制,但明年将会出现反弹,价格应该会随之波动。

国际能源署(IEA)的数据显示,中国今年的石油需求将下降2.7%,这是自2002年以来出现的首次下降。

美国银行的研究团队写道:“在未来几个月里,很容易推动油价大幅上涨的一大要素是亚洲的重新开放。事实上,到2023年,我们预计亚洲石油需求将占全球增长量的86%,而2022年这一比例仅为19%。”

除了亚洲对石油的需求不断上升外,美国银行的分析师还指出,欧佩克最近同意每日削减10万桶石油产量。尽管此次减产幅度相对较小,但这是欧佩克历史上首次在油价高于每桶90美元的情况下减产,这可能表明即使油价与历史水平相比仍然处于高位,欧佩克成员国在未来减产的意向会更大。

据美国银行称,最近天然气和煤炭价格的飙升是看涨未来一年油价的另一个原因。正如《财富》杂志此前报道的那样,当这些关键大宗商品的价格上涨时,一些公用事业公司往往会将发电的主要燃料转向石油,以维持盈利能力。当许多公用事业公司同时这样做时,可能会导致石油需求激增。

最后,美国银行的分析师表示,拜登政府最近表态给他们留下的印象是,当油价达到每桶80美元时,联邦政府可能会开始补充战略石油储备(Strategic Petroleum Reserve)。

今年3月,在俄乌冲突将油价短暂推高至每桶139美元以上之后,拜登总统从美国的战略石油储备中释放了1.8亿桶石油,以期降低天然气价格。但现在,必须取代石油。美国银行认为,当政府试图这样做时,最终会将油价的底线推高至一个大多数美国人都难以承受的水平。

预测风险

2022年,经济学家和分析人士多次警告称,这是历史上最难做出预测的时期之一。从国际政治紧张局势到全球通胀,变数太多,即便是最乐观的预测也有可能被推翻。

考虑到这一点,美国银行团队指出,他们的悲观预测存在多重风险。

首先,如果全球经济衰退来袭,石油需求可能就会下降,从而导致油价下跌。美国银行目前预计,明年全球经济增速仅为2.5%,在经济衰退的情况下,这一数字可能会大幅下降。

“简而言之,全球GDP增长和石油需求在近几个季度大幅放缓,如果经济活动进一步减弱,油价可能就会下跌。”分析师写道。

然而,尽管美国银行团队承认,“全球经济衰退带来关键的下行风险”,但他们补充说,他们仍然认为石油库存和产能较低应该会在明年年底之前使油价保持高位。

此外,如果由于俄乌冲突下西方对俄罗斯的制裁,俄罗斯的石油供应中断超过目前的水平,那么每桶100美元的油价目标很可能定的就有点低。

美国银行预计,俄罗斯明年将每天向全球市场供应约1,000万桶石油。他们估计,日供应量每损失100万桶石油,油价就会上涨20美元到25美元。

“因此,未来几个季度俄罗斯减产或供应进一步中断……石油市场可能很快就会得到警告。”他们写道。(财富中文网)

译者:中慧言-王芳

Gasoline prices have now declined for 14 straight weeks after hitting a record high of $5.01 per gallon on June 14.

On September 9, a gallon of regular gas averaged just $3.67 nationwide, according to the American Automobile Association.

However, prices are still up roughly 15% compared with a year ago, and even as the Biden administration celebrates the recent relief for American drivers, Bank of America warns that the recent decline in gas prices may be over.

The investment bank’s analysts believe oil prices will top $100 per barrel by the end of the year and remain there throughout 2023, leading to more tough times for consumers at the gas pump. On September 19, Brent crude, the international benchmark, traded at $91 per barrel after sinking to $88 earlier this month.

“We do not expect a major pullback in oil prices,” a Bank of America team led by commodity and derivatives strategist Francisco Blanch, wrote in a September 16 research report. “Broad-based inflation in the U.S. and elsewhere will likely lift the floor on oil prices, as signaled by OPEC and the U.S. government in the past two weeks.”

Bank of America’s argument is based on the idea that demand for oil in Asia has been suppressed in 2022 amid COVID-19 lockdowns and a record heat wave in China that has shuttered factories, but it’s set to rebound next year, and prices should move with it.

Oil demand in China is on pace to shrink 2.7% this year, its first decline since 2002, according to data from the IEA.

“One factor that could easily drive oil prices a lot higher over the coming months is the reopening of Asia,” the Bank of America team wrote. “In fact, heading into 2023, we project Asian oil demand to account for 86% of global growth compared to just 19% in 2022.”

On top of the rising demand for oil in Asia, Bank of America’s analysts noted that OPEC recently agreed to cut its oil production by 100,000 barrels daily. Although this was a relatively small cut, it marks the first time in history that OPEC has cut production with oil prices above $90 per barrel, which could signal more willingness by OPEC members to make future cuts, even if oil prices remain elevated compared with historical norms.

The recent surge in natural gas and coal prices is another reason to be bullish on oil over the coming year, according to Bank of America. As Fortune previously reported, when the prices of these critical commodities rise, the utilities that generate power using them are often forced to switch to oil as their main fuel source in order to maintain profitability. And when many utilities do this all at once, it can lead to surging demand for oil.

Finally, Bank of America’s analysts said that statements from the Biden administration have given them the impression that when oil prices hit $80 per barrel, the federal government may begin refilling the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR).

In March, after the war in Ukraine briefly pushed oil prices to over $139 per barrel, President Biden released 180 million barrels of oil from the U.S. strategic reserve in hopes of lowering gas prices. But now, that oil must be replaced, and Bank of America argues that when the government tries to do this, it will end up putting a floor under oil prices at a level that most Americans won’t appreciate.

Risks to the forecast

Throughout 2022, economists and analysts have repeatedly warned that this is among the most difficult periods in history to make predictions. From international political tensions to global inflation, the number of variables that can blow up even the best of forecasts is immense.

With this in mind, the Bank of America team noted that there are multiple risks to their pessimistic forecast.

First, if a global recession hits, oil demand will likely fall, which could lead to lower prices. Bank of America currently expects global economic growth of just 2.5% next year, and in a recessionary scenario, that figure could drop sharply.

“In short, global GDP growth and oil demand have been slowing down materially in recent quarters, and oil prices could fall if economic activity weakens further,” the analysts wrote.

However, although the Bank of America team admitted that a “global recession presents a key downside risk to our views,” they added that they still believe low oil inventories and production capacity should keep prices elevated through the end of next year.

Additionally, if Russian oil supply is disrupted beyond current levels as a result of the Ukraine war sanctions, a $100 price target for oil would likely be low.

Bank of America expects Russia to supply roughly 10 million barrels of oil daily to the global market next year. And they estimate that for every 1 million barrels of oil that are lost each day, prices could jump $20 to $25 per barrel.

“As such, a curtailment in Russian production or further supply disruptions over the coming quarters…could quickly put the oil market on notice,” they wrote.

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