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熊市可能是年轻投资者的福音。但对退休人员来说,情况就不一样了

熊市可能是年轻投资者的福音。但对退休人员来说,情况就不一样了

Alicia Adamczyk 2022-06-24
熊市比你想象的更为普遍。退休人员在经济低迷时期可以采取一些措施来保护他们的资产。

图片来源:FATCAMERA

熊市为年轻投资者提供了以折扣价进入股市的机会。这有时可能会引起焦虑,但也可能会带来丰厚的回报。

然而,对于那些没有足够长时间弥补所有损失的退休人员和临近退休的人员来说,这种估算就不那么乐观了。

理财规划师通常会建议他们的客户不要将未来五年所需的资金投资于股票等风险较高的资产。相反,最好是以现金的方式存放这笔钱。这会给你一些喘息的空间,尤其是在经济不确定时期或股市大幅下跌的情况下,就像我们在过去一个月看到的那样。给出这样的建议很容易,但当股市像过去几年那样持续攀升时,要遵循这样的建议就难多了。

此外,无论如何,许多必须从401(k)s(养老基金)或个人退休账户(IRA)中领取规定最低提领额(RMD)的退休人员在时机上没有太多选择。那么,当这些投资者眼睁睁地看着自己的储蓄遭受一次又一次重创时,他们该怎么办呢?

不幸的是,他们没有办法回到牛市时期——至少在不久的将来不会。鉴于熊市相对普遍,退休人员或临近退休的人员很可能不会是最后一次遇到熊市。

如果可能的话,避免领取提领额,或者将这笔钱推迟到今年晚些时候,这是目前最好的做法。但是,如果你依靠投资收入来支付日常开支,你可能就不得不在支出方面做出一些艰难的决定。

RMB Capital的注册理财规划师和财富顾问杰克·艾申斯说:“退休人员需要知道他们如今是如何投资的,以及他们投资组合的哪些部分更容易受到这些提领额的影响。没有人能够控制市场的回报,但退休人员可以控制他们的支出。一个很好的做法是根据你的投资组合审视前瞻性支出,以确定是否需要改变支出、投资或需要对两者都做出改变。”

顾问们指出,考虑到熊市和创纪录通胀的双重打击,注意支出尤为重要。这是推迟任何较大的、非必要的支出的好时机。

Wharton Wealth Planning的注册理财规划师兼总监大卫·罗森斯托克表示,另一种选择是将传统的个人退休账户等账户中的部分资金转换为罗斯个人退休账户。今年会有一笔预付税款,但它会低于股票定价较高时的情况,然后投资就会以免税的方式实现增长(假设你满足其他提领要求)。税务专业人士能够帮助你确定这种策略是否合理,以及如何实施。

罗森斯托克说:“重要的是,不要让预付税款阻止你把退休基金从无论何时取出都要缴税的账户转移到免税账户。关键是不要因为在退休时遭受巨额税款的打击而目光短浅。”

罗森斯托克表示,最后,也许是最不受欢迎的,熊市可能意味着工作时间比预期的要长一些,或者退休人员需要加入庞大的“不退休”大军。满银夏里斯银行(BMO Harris Bank)最近的一份报告显示,由于通货膨胀,整整四分之一的员工已经推迟了退休时间。

当然,这是一个艰难的决定,但它可以帮助你安然度过当前的市场波动。另一个好处是:推迟退休——如果可能的话,推迟到70岁——也能够提高你的社会保障福利。

他说:“超过传统退休年龄还在工作,不管是兼职还是全职,都是增加和补充退休收入的好方法。延迟退休会对退休财务产生重大影响,因为这会让你现有的退休储蓄有更多时间实现增长,并缩短你需要支付日常开支的退休年限。”(财富中文网)

译者:中慧言-王芳

熊市为年轻投资者提供了以折扣价进入股市的机会。这有时可能会引起焦虑,但也可能会带来丰厚的回报。

然而,对于那些没有足够长时间弥补所有损失的退休人员和临近退休的人员来说,这种估算就不那么乐观了。

理财规划师通常会建议他们的客户不要将未来五年所需的资金投资于股票等风险较高的资产。相反,最好是以现金的方式存放这笔钱。这会给你一些喘息的空间,尤其是在经济不确定时期或股市大幅下跌的情况下,就像我们在过去一个月看到的那样。给出这样的建议很容易,但当股市像过去几年那样持续攀升时,要遵循这样的建议就难多了。

此外,无论如何,许多必须从401(k)s(养老基金)或个人退休账户(IRA)中领取规定最低提领额(RMD)的退休人员在时机上没有太多选择。那么,当这些投资者眼睁睁地看着自己的储蓄遭受一次又一次重创时,他们该怎么办呢?

不幸的是,他们没有办法回到牛市时期——至少在不久的将来不会。鉴于熊市相对普遍,退休人员或临近退休的人员很可能不会是最后一次遇到熊市。

如果可能的话,避免领取提领额,或者将这笔钱推迟到今年晚些时候,这是目前最好的做法。但是,如果你依靠投资收入来支付日常开支,你可能就不得不在支出方面做出一些艰难的决定。

RMB Capital的注册理财规划师和财富顾问杰克·艾申斯说:“退休人员需要知道他们如今是如何投资的,以及他们投资组合的哪些部分更容易受到这些提领额的影响。没有人能够控制市场的回报,但退休人员可以控制他们的支出。一个很好的做法是根据你的投资组合审视前瞻性支出,以确定是否需要改变支出、投资或需要对两者都做出改变。”

顾问们指出,考虑到熊市和创纪录通胀的双重打击,注意支出尤为重要。这是推迟任何较大的、非必要的支出的好时机。

Wharton Wealth Planning的注册理财规划师兼总监大卫·罗森斯托克表示,另一种选择是将传统的个人退休账户等账户中的部分资金转换为罗斯个人退休账户。今年会有一笔预付税款,但它会低于股票定价较高时的情况,然后投资就会以免税的方式实现增长(假设你满足其他提领要求)。税务专业人士能够帮助你确定这种策略是否合理,以及如何实施。

罗森斯托克说:“重要的是,不要让预付税款阻止你把退休基金从无论何时取出都要缴税的账户转移到免税账户。关键是不要因为在退休时遭受巨额税款的打击而目光短浅。”

罗森斯托克表示,最后,也许是最不受欢迎的,熊市可能意味着工作时间比预期的要长一些,或者退休人员需要加入庞大的“不退休”大军。满银夏里斯银行(BMO Harris Bank)最近的一份报告显示,由于通货膨胀,整整四分之一的员工已经推迟了退休时间。

当然,这是一个艰难的决定,但它可以帮助你安然度过当前的市场波动。另一个好处是:推迟退休——如果可能的话,推迟到70岁——也能够提高你的社会保障福利。

他说:“超过传统退休年龄还在工作,不管是兼职还是全职,都是增加和补充退休收入的好方法。延迟退休会对退休财务产生重大影响,因为这会让你现有的退休储蓄有更多时间实现增长,并缩短你需要支付日常开支的退休年限。”(财富中文网)

译者:中慧言-王芳

A bear market offers young investors the opportunity to get into the stock market at something of a discount. It might be anxiety-inducing at times, but the results can be fruitful.

For retirees and workers nearing retirement who don't have time to recover all of their losses, however, the calculation isn't quite as rosy.

Financial planners typically recommend that their clients not invest money they'll need in the next five years in riskier assets like stocks. Rather, it's better to keep it in safer havens like cash. That gives you some breathing room, especially when there's a period of economic uncertainty or a big drop in the market, like we've seen in the past month. That advice is easy to give, but much harder to follow when equity markets keep climbing, as they did the past few years.

Plus, many retirees who must take required minimum distributions (RMDs) from 401(k)s or individual retirement accounts (IRAs) don't have much of a choice on timing, anyway. So what are these investors to do as they watch their nest eggs take hit after hit?

Unfortunately, there's no way to go back to bull market times—at least not in the near future. And given that bear markets are relatively common, there's a good chance this won't be the last one retirees or near-retirees have to navigate.

Avoiding taking a distribution at all, if possible, or delaying your RMD until later this year, is the best course of action for now. But if you're relying on your investment income to cover your day-to-day expenses, you might have to make some tough decisions about your spending.

"Retirees need to know how they are invested today and what parts of their portfolios are more susceptible to these drawdowns," says Jake Eischens, a certified financial planner (CFP) and wealth advisor at RMB Capital. "Nobody can control the market's returns, but retirees can control their spending. A good exercise is to review forward-looking expenditures in tandem with your portfolio to determine if a change in spending, investments, or both are needed."

Given the one-two punch of a bear market and record inflation, being mindful of spending is especially important, advisors say. This is a good time to put off any larger, nonessential purchases.

Another option is to convert some funds in accounts like a traditional IRA into a Roth, says David Rosenstock, CFP and director at Wharton Wealth Planning. There will be an upfront tax bill this year, but it would be lower than if stocks were priced higher, and then the investments will grow tax-free (assuming you meet the other distribution requirements). A tax professional can help you work out whether this strategy makes sense and how to go about it.

"It’s important not to let the upfront tax bill prevent you from moving your retirement funds from accounts that are taxed no matter when you take them out, into accounts that are tax-free," Rosenstrock says. "The point is to not be shortsighted at the expense of being hit with large tax payments in retirement."

Finally, and perhaps least popular of all, Rosenstrock says a bear market may mean working a bit longer than anticipated—or join the Great "Unretirement." A full quarter of workers are already postponing their retirement due to inflation, according to a recent report by BMO Harris Bank.

This is a tough decision to make, of course, but it could help you ride out the market's current volatility. Another benefit: Delaying retirement—to age 70 if possible—can also boost your Social Security benefits.

"Working past the traditional retirement age, either part- or full-time, is a great way to stretch and supplement retirement income," he says. "Delaying retirement can have a significant impact on retirement finances by giving your existing retirement savings more time to grow and shortening the period of retirement you will need to pay for."

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