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专家称,这两种奥密克戎变异株不太可能引发新一波疫情

专家称,这两种奥密克戎变异株不太可能引发新一波疫情

ERIN PRATER 2022-06-12
这两种变异株被认为到目前为止传播力最强,而且能够逃脱疫苗和之前感染所产生的免疫力。

美国新冠确诊病例再次增长,专家们认为美国新出现的两种奥密克戎变异株是病例增加的原因。

周一,美国七天平均新增确诊病例接近10.9万人,比两个月前的平均水平翻了超过一番,比一周前增加了约1万例。到目前为止,美国第六波疫情的病例大多数来自奥密克戎变异株BA.2.12.1和BA.2。

但美国BA.4和BA.5这两种相对较新的奥密克戎亚变异株的感染者数量同样在不断增加。这两种变异株被认为到目前为止传播力最强,而且能够逃脱疫苗和之前感染所产生的免疫力。

美国疾病预防控制中心(U.S. Centers for Disease Control)的发言人对《财富》杂志表示,上周,疾控中心将BA.4和BA.5变异株与其他亚变异株放在同一类别中报告感染者人数,因为这两种变异株的感染者比例不足1%。

但本周,疾控中心单独报告了这两种亚变异株的感染人数。疾控中心本周报告称,截至上周,BA.4感染者占测序报告病例数的5%,BA.5约占8%。

现在的问题是,这两种变异株会如何与BA. 2.12.1和BA. 2等主要变异株竞争。上周,BA. 2.12.1和BA. 2分别占总感染人数的62%和25%。

耶鲁大学公共卫生学院(Yale School of Public Health)的流行病学副教授内森·格鲁博对《财富》杂志表示:“即使这两种变异株无法与BA. 2.12.1竞争,它们的频率依旧会增加。”

但他表示,美国人真正担心的并不是哪种变异株将占据上风,而是是否会爆发新一波疫情。他认为,短期内不太可能在当前疫情基础上爆发新一波BA.4和BA.5疫情,而是可能出现当前疫情的“长尾效应”。

麻省总医院(Massachusetts General)传染病专家、哈佛医学院(Harvard Medical School)讲师杰克·勒米厄博士认同格鲁博的预测。他周二在哈佛大学虚拟媒体简报会上表示,BA.4和BA.5可能是“本轮疫情的末尾”。

勒米厄预测,7月4日前将是“相对持续的传播期”。7月4日之后的情况很难预测。

格鲁博认为,可以确定的一点是:“BA.4和BA.5可能并不是最后的变异株。”

他说道:“我认为肯定会有新变异株出现,无论是BA.6还是完全不同的变异株,我可以为此赌上我的事业。”

白宫曾预测秋冬季将会爆发一波疫情,感染人数可能比美国从疫情爆发至今的感染人数增加一倍以上,还将造成大量死亡病例。

如果白宫的预测成真,目前尚无法确定导致这波疫情的将是哪种病毒株。直到最近,专家们一直认为爆发数波疫情的原因是各种变异株,例如德尔塔和奥密克戎变异株。但事实证明,最近席卷南非的BA.4和BA.5亚变异株,也可能导致疫情爆发。

格鲁博表示:“奥密克戎变异株的传播力更强,可能需要一些特殊的病毒株才能取而代之。我们发现奥密克戎变异株有很强的持续分化能力,会形成新的变种。”

格鲁博表示,问题是“奥密克戎是否会彻底改变整个疫情的进程”,且其亚变异株成为主流毒株,还是正如专家不久前提出的理论,新冠病毒进化出一种可能被命名为Pi的新变异株,并成为主流病毒。

《财富》杂志此前曾经报道,美国在3月末首次发现了BA.4和BA.5亚变异株。这两种亚变异株最早在南非被发现,4月和5月席卷全国,尽管南非几乎所有人都接种了疫苗或者曾感染新冠。

南非最近的一项研究发现,此前感染新冠但并未接种疫苗的患者感染BA.4和BA.5后,中和抗体减少了近8倍。已接种疫苗且之前感染过奥密克戎变异株的患者,中和抗体减少了3倍,影响相对较轻。

南非非洲卫生研究所(Africa Health Research Institute)教授阿里克斯·西格尔曾在5月告诉《财富》杂志,新亚变异株的症状与奥密克戎变异株的典型症状类似,包括发烧、嗅觉丧失和不安等。

他表示:“我并没有发现呼吸困难的早期症状。呼吸困难是新冠的典型症状之一,也是这一症状让新冠肺炎十分凶险。虽然患者感觉不适,但死亡概率较低。”(财富中文网)

翻译:刘进龙

审校:汪皓

美国新冠确诊病例再次增长,专家们认为美国新出现的两种奥密克戎变异株是病例增加的原因。

周一,美国七天平均新增确诊病例接近10.9万人,比两个月前的平均水平翻了超过一番,比一周前增加了约1万例。到目前为止,美国第六波疫情的病例大多数来自奥密克戎变异株BA.2.12.1和BA.2。

但美国BA.4和BA.5这两种相对较新的奥密克戎亚变异株的感染者数量同样在不断增加。这两种变异株被认为到目前为止传播力最强,而且能够逃脱疫苗和之前感染所产生的免疫力。

美国疾病预防控制中心(U.S. Centers for Disease Control)的发言人对《财富》杂志表示,上周,疾控中心将BA.4和BA.5变异株与其他亚变异株放在同一类别中报告感染者人数,因为这两种变异株的感染者比例不足1%。

但本周,疾控中心单独报告了这两种亚变异株的感染人数。疾控中心本周报告称,截至上周,BA.4感染者占测序报告病例数的5%,BA.5约占8%。

现在的问题是,这两种变异株会如何与BA. 2.12.1和BA. 2等主要变异株竞争。上周,BA. 2.12.1和BA. 2分别占总感染人数的62%和25%。

耶鲁大学公共卫生学院(Yale School of Public Health)的流行病学副教授内森·格鲁博对《财富》杂志表示:“即使这两种变异株无法与BA. 2.12.1竞争,它们的频率依旧会增加。”

但他表示,美国人真正担心的并不是哪种变异株将占据上风,而是是否会爆发新一波疫情。他认为,短期内不太可能在当前疫情基础上爆发新一波BA.4和BA.5疫情,而是可能出现当前疫情的“长尾效应”。

麻省总医院(Massachusetts General)传染病专家、哈佛医学院(Harvard Medical School)讲师杰克·勒米厄博士认同格鲁博的预测。他周二在哈佛大学虚拟媒体简报会上表示,BA.4和BA.5可能是“本轮疫情的末尾”。

勒米厄预测,7月4日前将是“相对持续的传播期”。7月4日之后的情况很难预测。

格鲁博认为,可以确定的一点是:“BA.4和BA.5可能并不是最后的变异株。”

他说道:“我认为肯定会有新变异株出现,无论是BA.6还是完全不同的变异株,我可以为此赌上我的事业。”

白宫曾预测秋冬季将会爆发一波疫情,感染人数可能比美国从疫情爆发至今的感染人数增加一倍以上,还将造成大量死亡病例。

如果白宫的预测成真,目前尚无法确定导致这波疫情的将是哪种病毒株。直到最近,专家们一直认为爆发数波疫情的原因是各种变异株,例如德尔塔和奥密克戎变异株。但事实证明,最近席卷南非的BA.4和BA.5亚变异株,也可能导致疫情爆发。

格鲁博表示:“奥密克戎变异株的传播力更强,可能需要一些特殊的病毒株才能取而代之。我们发现奥密克戎变异株有很强的持续分化能力,会形成新的变种。”

格鲁博表示,问题是“奥密克戎是否会彻底改变整个疫情的进程”,且其亚变异株成为主流毒株,还是正如专家不久前提出的理论,新冠病毒进化出一种可能被命名为Pi的新变异株,并成为主流病毒。

《财富》杂志此前曾经报道,美国在3月末首次发现了BA.4和BA.5亚变异株。这两种亚变异株最早在南非被发现,4月和5月席卷全国,尽管南非几乎所有人都接种了疫苗或者曾感染新冠。

南非最近的一项研究发现,此前感染新冠但并未接种疫苗的患者感染BA.4和BA.5后,中和抗体减少了近8倍。已接种疫苗且之前感染过奥密克戎变异株的患者,中和抗体减少了3倍,影响相对较轻。

南非非洲卫生研究所(Africa Health Research Institute)教授阿里克斯·西格尔曾在5月告诉《财富》杂志,新亚变异株的症状与奥密克戎变异株的典型症状类似,包括发烧、嗅觉丧失和不安等。

他表示:“我并没有发现呼吸困难的早期症状。呼吸困难是新冠的典型症状之一,也是这一症状让新冠肺炎十分凶险。虽然患者感觉不适,但死亡概率较低。”(财富中文网)

翻译:刘进龙

审校:汪皓

COVID cases are once again rising in the U.S., and experts say two Omicron variants new to the country are to blame.

On Monday the seven-day average of reported U.S. COVID cases sat just below 109,000—more than double the average from two months ago, and up about 10,000 from the week prior. So far, cases in the sixth U.S. wave have largely been fueled by Omicron variants BA.2.12.1 and BA.2.

But levels of BA.4 and BA.5—two relatively new Omicron subvariants thought to be the most transmissible so far, and with the ability to evade immunity from both vaccines and prior infections—are ticking up in the U.S.

Last week the U.S. Centers for Disease Control reported BA.4 and BA.5 in a category with other subvariants because their levels were each under 1%, a CDC spokesperson told Fortune.

This week, however, the agency broke out the subvariants into their own categories. As of last week, BA.4 made up 5% of sequenced reported cases, and BA.5 made up almost 8%, the CDC reported this week.

The question now becomes how well they can compete with dominant variants like BA.2.12.1 and BA.2, which comprised 62% and 25% of infections last week, respectively.

"Even if they can't compete against BA.2.12.1, they may still increase in frequency here," Nathan Grubaugh, an associate professor of epidemiology at the Yale School of Public Health, told Fortune.

But what Americans are truly worried about is not which variant wins out, but whether there will be another wave, he said. He sees the likely short-term scenario not as a new BA.4 and BA.5 wave on top of the current wave, but an "extended tail" of it.

Dr. Jake Lemieux, an infectious disease specialist at Massachusetts General and a Harvard Medical School instructor, agreed with Grubaugh, saying Tuesday at a virtual Harvard press availability that BA.4 and BA.5 are likely to be "the tail of the wave."

Through the July 4 holiday Lemieux expects "fairly sustained transmission." Beyond that, it's hard to say.

One thing is certain, Grubaugh said: "It's likely that BA.4 and BA.5 are not the last of it,"

"What I would put my career on is whether it's BA.6 or something completely different, there's going to be another one," he said.

The White House has predicted a fall and winter wave that could more than double the number of infections the U.S. has seen thus far in the pandemic, as well as a sizable wave of deaths.

What strain would cause that prediction to come true, if it does, is currently unknown. Until recently experts thought that waves were fueled by variants, like Delta and Omicron. But Omicron subvariants like BA.4 and BA.5, which recently swept South Africa, proved that subvariants can cause waves of their own.

"Omicron was so much more transmissible than all the other versions that it would take something quite special to replace it," Grubaugh said. "We've seen within Omicron a lot of ability to continue to diversify and find new niches."

The question, Grubaugh said, is "if Omicron completely resets the entire pandemic" and its subvariants take over, or if, as experts theorized not too long ago, a new COVID variant, likely to be named Pi, evolves and takes hold.

BA.4 and BA.5 were first detected in the U.S. in late March, as Fortune previously reported. The variants, first discovered in South Africa, swept the country in April and May despite the fact that almost all South Africans have been vaccinated or had COVID.

A recent study out of South Africa found that those who had been previously infected with Omicron but not vaccinated experienced a nearly eightfold drop in neutralizing antibodies when exposed to BA.4 and BA.5. Those who had been vaccinated and previously infected with Omicron saw a milder threefold decrease.

Alex Sigal, a professor at the Africa Health Research Institute in South Africa, told Fortune in May that symptoms of the new subvariants were similar to typical Omicron symptoms, which include fever, loss of smell, and malaise.

“I haven’t seen early symptoms of respiratory distress, the major COVID-specific symptom that makes this disease so dangerous,” he said. “It doesn’t feel nice, but there’s less chance of dying.”

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