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美国银行认为,食品价格在短期内不会放慢上涨速度

美国银行认为,食品价格在短期内不会放慢上涨速度

Will Daniel 2022-04-25
美国在今年3月的食品通胀率创下自1981年以来的最大年度涨幅,同比上涨8.8%,而且情况可能会变得更加糟糕。

美国人已经在食品杂货店感受到了严重的物价冲击,但他们最好习惯这种状态。美国银行(Bank of America)预测,到今年年底之前,食品通胀率将维持在历史高度。

这并不意外,因为今年3月的食品通胀率创下自1981年以来的最大年度涨幅,同比上涨8.8%,但情况可能变得更加糟糕。

由亚历山大·林领导的美国银行分析师在4月21日发布的一份报告中指出,预计到2022年年底,美国的食品通胀率将达到9%。

由于俄乌冲突造成的价格冲击影响了美国的食品杂货店,因此面包、牛奶和肉类等商品在今年都会继续涨价。

分析师写道:“我们预测未来消费者会继续感受到食品价格上涨带来的压力。虽然俄乌冲突引起的价格冲击引起了许多关注,但我们认为,现在判断食品杂货店受到的影响仍然为时尚早,它可能会在今年晚些时候导致价格持续上涨。”

农民的成本增加意味着食品杂货店商品价格上涨

美国银行的分析师指出,美国农民的成本持续上涨到前所未有的程度。今年3月的生产者价格指数(PPI)显示,农业化学品的成本,包括化肥和农药,仅在去年一年就上涨了约50%。俄乌冲突只是雪上加霜。

据平台Observatory of Economic Complexity统计,俄罗斯是2020年全球最大的化肥出口国,向世界各国出口了价值近80亿美元作为化肥的关键化合物,包括尿素和碳酸钾。

天然气价格上涨促使化肥进一步涨价,天然气对氮肥生产至关重要。美国银行表示,化肥和化学品占美国农民总成本的10%至20%。这意味着今年,消费者最喜欢的蔬菜水果的价格会继续上涨。

但化肥价格上涨不是农产品价格上涨的唯一原因。美国银行称,预制动物饲料的成本自2021年以来上涨了12.7%,也是导致肉类价格上涨的原因。

美国银行的团队表示:“有迹象表明,企业正在将增加的成本转嫁给消费者。批发和零售层面的利润率似乎将持续增长,这表明企业重新获得了定价权,并且希望让消费者承担增加的成本,而不是自行承担。”

混乱的供应链,增加的消费

汽油和柴油价格上涨,以及货车运输业的人力不足,引发了供应链问题,这只会增加美国人的食品成本。

今年3月,衡量美国商品运输成本的货物运输指数不可思议地同比上涨24.5%,主要原因是卡车司机短缺,这是供应商多年来一直面临的难题。

美国银行的团队解释道:“货车运输业早在新冠疫情爆发之前就面临司机不足的问题;现在市场进一步紧缩,导致货车运输成本暴涨。”

除此之外,美国银行认为,美国人的食物消耗量变得更高。食品消费在美国消费者支出中的占比为13.5%,高于新冠疫情爆发之前的13%。

各方纷纷发出警告

美国银行并非唯一一家警告食品价格上涨的公司。4月19日,美国财政部部长珍妮特·耶伦在美国财政部(U.S. Department of Treasury)举办的“应对食品无保障问题:挑战与行动号召”(Tackling Food Insecurity: The Challenge and Call to Action)活动上指出,随着食品价格上涨,食品没有保障的情况将越来越多。

耶伦表示,俄乌冲突只是加剧了“先前就已经存在的价格和食品供应压力”。这些问题一直在拖累美国在新冠疫情中的经济复苏。

美国农业部(USDA)也警告称,2022年食品将会涨价,但它并不像美国银行那么悲观。在3月的一项研究中,美国农业部的研究人员预测今年的食品价格将上涨5.5%。(财富中文网)

翻译:刘进龙

审校:汪皓

美国人已经在食品杂货店感受到了严重的物价冲击,但他们最好习惯这种状态。美国银行(Bank of America)预测,到今年年底之前,食品通胀率将维持在历史高度。

这并不意外,因为今年3月的食品通胀率创下自1981年以来的最大年度涨幅,同比上涨8.8%,但情况可能变得更加糟糕。

由亚历山大·林领导的美国银行分析师在4月21日发布的一份报告中指出,预计到2022年年底,美国的食品通胀率将达到9%。

由于俄乌冲突造成的价格冲击影响了美国的食品杂货店,因此面包、牛奶和肉类等商品在今年都会继续涨价。

分析师写道:“我们预测未来消费者会继续感受到食品价格上涨带来的压力。虽然俄乌冲突引起的价格冲击引起了许多关注,但我们认为,现在判断食品杂货店受到的影响仍然为时尚早,它可能会在今年晚些时候导致价格持续上涨。”

农民的成本增加意味着食品杂货店商品价格上涨

美国银行的分析师指出,美国农民的成本持续上涨到前所未有的程度。今年3月的生产者价格指数(PPI)显示,农业化学品的成本,包括化肥和农药,仅在去年一年就上涨了约50%。俄乌冲突只是雪上加霜。

据平台Observatory of Economic Complexity统计,俄罗斯是2020年全球最大的化肥出口国,向世界各国出口了价值近80亿美元作为化肥的关键化合物,包括尿素和碳酸钾。

天然气价格上涨促使化肥进一步涨价,天然气对氮肥生产至关重要。美国银行表示,化肥和化学品占美国农民总成本的10%至20%。这意味着今年,消费者最喜欢的蔬菜水果的价格会继续上涨。

但化肥价格上涨不是农产品价格上涨的唯一原因。美国银行称,预制动物饲料的成本自2021年以来上涨了12.7%,也是导致肉类价格上涨的原因。

美国银行的团队表示:“有迹象表明,企业正在将增加的成本转嫁给消费者。批发和零售层面的利润率似乎将持续增长,这表明企业重新获得了定价权,并且希望让消费者承担增加的成本,而不是自行承担。”

混乱的供应链,增加的消费

汽油和柴油价格上涨,以及货车运输业的人力不足,引发了供应链问题,这只会增加美国人的食品成本。

今年3月,衡量美国商品运输成本的货物运输指数不可思议地同比上涨24.5%,主要原因是卡车司机短缺,这是供应商多年来一直面临的难题。

美国银行的团队解释道:“货车运输业早在新冠疫情爆发之前就面临司机不足的问题;现在市场进一步紧缩,导致货车运输成本暴涨。”

除此之外,美国银行认为,美国人的食物消耗量变得更高。食品消费在美国消费者支出中的占比为13.5%,高于新冠疫情爆发之前的13%。

各方纷纷发出警告

美国银行并非唯一一家警告食品价格上涨的公司。4月19日,美国财政部部长珍妮特·耶伦在美国财政部(U.S. Department of Treasury)举办的“应对食品无保障问题:挑战与行动号召”(Tackling Food Insecurity: The Challenge and Call to Action)活动上指出,随着食品价格上涨,食品没有保障的情况将越来越多。

耶伦表示,俄乌冲突只是加剧了“先前就已经存在的价格和食品供应压力”。这些问题一直在拖累美国在新冠疫情中的经济复苏。

美国农业部(USDA)也警告称,2022年食品将会涨价,但它并不像美国银行那么悲观。在3月的一项研究中,美国农业部的研究人员预测今年的食品价格将上涨5.5%。(财富中文网)

翻译:刘进龙

审校:汪皓

Americans are already experiencing some serious sticker shock at grocery stores, but they had better get used to it. The inflation rate for food is expected to continue its historic rise through the end of the year, according to Bank of America.

That’s not exactly surprising considering food inflation saw its largest annual increase in March since 1981—rising at 8.8% year over year—but things may get even worse.

Bank of America analysts, led by Alexander Lin, said in a note on April 21 that they expect U.S. food inflation to hit 9% by the end of 2022.

Rising prices for staples like bread, milk, and meat should continue this year as the price shock from the Russia-Ukraine conflict hits American grocery stores.

“Looking ahead, we think that consumers will continue to feel the pinch of elevated food inflation,” the analysts wrote. “While there has been a lot of attention on the shock from the Russia-Ukraine conflict, we believe that it is too early to see the impact at the grocery store…rather, it should lead to sustained price increases later this year.”

Rising costs for farmers mean higher prices at the grocery store

Bank of America’s analysts noted that farmers have been grappling with rising costs like never before. The cost of agricultural chemicals, including fertilizers and pesticides, has jumped almost 50% in the past year alone, March’s producer price index (PPI) showed. And the Russia-Ukraine conflict has only made matters worse.

Russia was the world’s top exporter of fertilizers in 2020, sending nearly $8 billion worth of critical fertilizing compounds, including urea and potash, to countries worldwide, according to the Observatory of Economic Complexity.

Fertilizer prices increases have also been exacerbated by higher costs for natural gas, which is critical in the production of nitrogen-based fertilizers. And fertilizers and chemicals represent 10% to 20% of the total costs for U.S. farmers, Bank of America says. That means consumers should expect higher prices for their favorite vegetables and fruits as the year goes on.

But rising fertilizer prices won’t just lead to higher prices in the produce section. The cost of prepared animal feed has rallied 12.7% since last year, according to Bank of America, which should lead to rising prices for meats as well.

“There are signs that companies are passing through higher costs,” the Bank of America team said. “Margins look to be growing on both the wholesale and retail level, suggesting that companies have regained pricing power and are comfortable letting the consumer eat higher costs instead of them.”

Busted supply chains, increasing consumption

Rising gas and diesel prices, coupled with labor problems in the trucking industry, are also leading to supply-chain headaches that will only serve to increase food costs for Americans.

The transportation of freight index, which measures the cost of shipping goods in the U.S., jumped an incredible 24.5% year over year in March, largely due to a truck driver shortage that’s been creating problems for suppliers for years.

“The trucking industry was dealing with a shortage of drivers even before the pandemic; now the market tightened even more dramatically, leading to a surge in trucking costs,” the Bank of America team explained.

On top of that, Americans are now eating more than they have in the past, Bank of America said. Food spending now accounts for 13.5% of U.S. consumers’ spending habits, compared to 13.0% pre-pandemic.

Widespread warnings

Bank of America isn’t the only one warning of rising food costs, either. On April 19, U.S. Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen said at the U.S. Department of Treasury’s “Tackling Food Insecurity: The Challenge and Call to Action” event that food insecurity will rise alongside food prices.

Yellen said Russia's war on Ukraine has only exacerbated “preexisting price and food supply pressures” undermining the U.S.’s economic recovery from the pandemic.

The USDA has also warned that food prices will rise in 2022, but it isn’t as pessimistic as Bank of America. In a March study, USDA researchers concluded that food prices will rise as much as 5.5% this year.

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