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如何投资房地产投资信托基金?

如何投资房地产投资信托基金?

LARRY LIGHT 2022-04-21
现在是买入REIT的良机

成为房东听起来有利可图,不仅可以获得租金收入,还能享受税费减免,等到你意识到做房东的痛苦,你的态度可能会有所改变。

拥有商业地产能带来丰厚的利润,但你会遇到各种烦心事,比如对付拖欠租金的租户、维修漏雨的屋顶,还有艰难的高空置率时期等。如果你需要一些快钱,不要急着把你的房子脱手。卖房过程可能花费几个月时间。

但早在上世纪70年代,华尔街就发明了一种成为房东的简单方式。他们创建了可以公开交易的房地产投资信托,简称REIT(与英文单词“eat”同韵),任何人都可以在股票市场上购买。而且这些信托有很强的流动性:突然需要大笔现金?你可以在几分钟内卖掉自己持有的REIT股票。

许多理财顾问建议客户的投资组合中包括约5%至10%的REIT。现在这些信托在某种程度上与股市相关联,当股市下跌时它们也会随之下跌。但投资公司Cohen & Steers在2020年的研究发现,这两类资产之间的联系并不密切。Cohen & Steers是REIT的发起机构之一。

在2020年初的市场恐慌中,REIT受到严重打击。但随着经济复苏和股市反弹,REIT也开始复苏并大幅上涨。2021年,标普500指数作为市场的代表上涨了26.9%,富时纳瑞特REIT指数(FTSE Nareit All Equity REITs)暴涨了43.2%。今年这两个标杆指数均下跌了约6%。

Cohen & Steers调查发现,在经济上行周期初期,REIT的表现优于股市,而在经济衰退周期REIT受到的冲击较小。REIT行业协会全美房地产投资信托协会(Nareit)研究与投资者推广执行副总裁约翰·沃斯表示,REIT“在通胀时期也表现出色。”原因是房价往往会随着通胀上涨而上涨。

通胀上涨通常还意味着利率更高,如同当前的情形。亨廷顿私人银行(Huntington Private Bank)高级股票分析师戴维·克林克认为,REIT通常“在利率上行环境下有良好的表现。”虽然REIT使用借来的资金购买新房产,但现有贷款通常不会与整体通胀状况挂钩。

REIT的另外一个优势是其发放的股息远高于股市的整体水平:REIT的年股息收益率为2.85%,是标普500指数1.3%的两倍以上。据全美房地产投资信托协会统计,权益型REIT(不包括使用抵押贷款交易的REIT)目前的估值高达1.5万亿美元。

现在是买入REIT的良机

尽管过去两年对商业地产市场造成了破坏,但各类商业地产的未来前景依旧一片光明。最有趣的投资领域是两年前受冲击最严重的部门的复苏,例如办公地产和购物中心,而在疫情中的受益者也有更大的上涨空间,例如工业地产。

办公REIT

该类地产一直领跑商业地产,直到疫情爆发和今年的市场低迷对办公地产造成冲击。但市场看到了希望的曙光。在灾难性的2020年,办公REIT下跌18.4%,但全美房地产投资信托协会的数据显示,去年办公REIT反弹22%,今年第1季度上涨了约3%。

但对于这个领域,需要谨慎投资。不同类别办公REIT的表现存在差别。获胜者显然是新建的高端A类建筑。这类建筑应用高新科技,空间宽敞,巨大的窗户可以提供充足的日光。而B类建筑则落于下风,因为这类建筑通常是老旧的办公楼,天花板较低,格子间毫无灵魂,休息室单调乏味。

虽然现在员工只是零星回到办公室,但一旦疫情结束,A类建筑必定会成功甚至火爆。一些豪华办公地产已经出现了这种趋势,即使是在办公地产市场低迷的地区。

例如,位于曼哈顿中城一栋93层的新摩天大楼One Vanderbilt。据地产研究公司CoStar Group表示这栋大楼已经接近全部租出。曼哈顿中城的办公楼市场遭遇毁灭性打击,但这栋富有魅力的大楼却是例外。房地产公司Colliers表示,2月,曼哈顿中城的办公空间可用率达到创纪录的17.4%。办公空间可用率用于衡量目前的闲置空间和即将空出的空间。

地理位置是寻找好的办公REIT的关键因素。奇尔顿资本管理公司(Chilton Capital Management)REIT策略总经理马特·沃纳警告,目前要避开所谓的门户城市(如纽约、波士顿和芝加哥等)。他发现这些城市增长过于缓慢,不太容易提高租金来支撑其岌岌可危的收入。

他建议,更明智的选择是阳光带,比如亚特兰大、奥斯汀、坦佩、夏洛特等城市。沃纳表示,这些城市的人口持续增长,而且这些地区的监管比门户城市更宽松,因此“建房更容易”。房地产分析公司Green Street预测,未来四年,夏洛特每平方英尺可用空间的收入将增长2%,而纽约仅增长0.1%,芝加哥将下降1.3%。

有一家专注于加州和德克萨斯市场的办公REIT公司吉劳埃地产(Kilroy Realty,KRC)表现突出,开始进军快速增长的奥斯汀市场。吉劳埃地产服务生命科技企业,现代化建筑对这类租户很有吸引力。Green Street研究总监采德里克·拉钱斯表示:“吉劳埃地产确实很了解科技行业。”

该公司股价在2020年下跌29%,2021年反弹19.2%,今年上涨了17.6%。但吉劳埃地产的股价依旧比2019年的本世纪高位低约20%;2007年是该公司股价的最高点。其收入大幅增长,收益强劲。(在REIT领域,收入被称为“营运资金”,简称FFO,其中添加了折旧等非现金项,因为房地产往往会升值。)

2021年最后一个季度,吉劳埃地产的FFO同比增长了10.5%。晨星(Morningstar)分析师凯文·布朗写道:“与我们关注的其他办公REIT相比,在疫情期间,吉劳埃地产的优质办公地产组合业绩出色。”据彭博社报道,该公司的股息收益率为2.8%。

工业REIT

工业REIT以仓库为主,亚马逊(Amazon)喜欢将仓库称为“营运中心”。为了服务随着疫情爆发开始快速增长的电商业务,美国各地如雨后春笋般建设了大量庞大的仓储和货运空间;这种现象可能会继续下去。

全美房地产投资信托协会表示,在新冠疫情肆虐的2020年,工业REIT是为数不多表现良好的几个REIT类别之一,上涨了12.2%。仓库租金同比上涨了约20.4%,而且虽然过去两年新设施建设增加了约三分之二,但空置率只有3.4%。

2021年,工业REIT板块的股价暴涨62%,尽管该板块今年随着整体市场行情下跌了6.1%。

亨廷顿私人银行的克林克认为,一个良好的潜在投资对象是Prologis(PLD)。该公司将空间出租给亚马逊、联邦快递(FedEx)和敦豪速递(DHL)等公司。克林克发现:“虽然该公司股票表现并不抢眼,但业绩强劲。”该公司的股价2020年上涨14%,2021年上涨72%,但今年到目前为止一直表现平平,原因是对于供应链限制的担忧。克林克指出:“这是该公司目前的一点不足。”

作为该公司的支持者,克林克表示,这些问题解决之后,公司股价将恢复上涨趋势。此外,该公司的财报显示,2021年,Prologis的FFO上涨了9%,租金上涨了约20%,入住率高达97%。股息收益率为1.9%。

购物中心REIT

在疫情爆发之前,美国的购物中心市场就已经出现了供大于求,有大量库存。数十年来,购物中心被誉为美国城市的商业区,是青少年聚会的天堂,有美食,有Cineplex电影院,当然还有精彩的故事。

但事情已经发生了变化。早在疫情爆发之前,购物中心市场的规模开始收缩,最早的迹象是购物中心必不可少的百货商店吸引力下降。上世纪90年代是购物中心最火爆的时期,当时美国有约1,500家购物中心;据Green Street统计,目前已经减少到约1,000家。随着彭尼百货(J.C. Penney)和Brooks Brothers等大型零售商申请破产,已经有多家购物中心REIT破产,例如CBL Properties经过痛苦的重组之后,才在2021年摆脱了破产保护状况。

但所有购物中心的情况并不相同,高档购物中心表现出恢复往日繁荣的迹象,但低端购物中心却处境艰难。

最佳投资选择是西蒙地产集团(Simon Property Group,SPG),该公司在富裕的郊区打造了一个高端购物中心帝国。Green Street的拉钱斯表示:“从人口结构上看,这些购物中心都位于黄金地段。购物中心内的布卢明代尔百货(Bloomingdale’s)和诺德斯特龙(Nordstrom)两家精品超市,与彭尼百货等零售商不同,并且利用自身的声誉安全度过了疫情。

整个购物中心领域尤其是西蒙地产面临的一个重大利好是随着疫苗接种、就业增长和工资上涨,零售销售额逐渐反弹。经过2021年火爆的节日季之后,全国零售联合会(National Retail Federation)预测,今年零售销售额将增长6%至8%。该预测不包括餐厅、加油站和汽车经销商,仅计算了零售店的销售额。

作为美国最大的购物中心运营商,西蒙地产在北美、亚洲和欧洲有232家购物中心,如此庞大的规模令公司受益。该公司利用最近的经济混乱,收购了多家处境堪忧但久负盛名的零售商,例如Brooks Brothers。西蒙地产在收益方面表现突出,去年FFO达到45亿美元,比2020年增长了31%,令疫情之前2019年的业绩都相形见绌。该公司的入住率高达93%,令人羡慕不已。其股息收益率高达5.2%。

为了应对2020年经济动荡所带来的问题,西蒙地产降低了股息,并为部分租户减免了租金。西蒙地产的股价在2020年暴跌38%,2021年上涨了95%,但今年下跌了19.6%。分析师将2022年的股市暴跌归咎于管理层的业绩指导。管理层预计2022年的FFO将有小幅减少。但从长远来看,华尔街相信西蒙地产有实力清除任何障碍。

共同基金

想要保证投资安全,可以选择投资房地产投资共同基金的基金。投资REIT的另外一种途径是通过共同基金,这类基金中综合了各类REIT(仓储、住宿、办公、零售等)。投资者通过共同基金可以享受到投资多样化的好处,如果一类REIT下滑,其他类别可以抵消损失。与REIT一样,投资这类共同基金并不难。

晨星推荐的基金包括:先锋房地产指数基金Admiral Shares(Vanguard Real Estate Index Fund Admiral Shares,VGSLX),今年股价下跌了4.77%,在过去10年每年平均上涨9.98%;普信集团房地产基金(T. Rowe Price Real Estate Fund,TRREX),2022年下跌2.34%,过去10年上涨8.79%;以及Cohen & Steers Realty Shares–Class L(CSRSX),今年下跌3.85%,过去10年上涨了11.11%。

需要注意的是,这三只基金过去10年的表现落后于标普500指数。标普500指数跟踪大部分美国上市股票,过去10年每年上涨14.51%。标普500指数的出色表现并不意外,因为科技股繁荣使该基准指数屡创新高。最近,随着利率上涨(科技板块对利率变动尤其敏感)和俄乌冲突,科技股的涨势才有所减弱。

2022年,这三只REIT基金和大盘都处于跌势,但REIT的跌幅较小。今年到目前为止,与标普500指数挂钩的交易所交易基金SPDR标普500 ETF信托(SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust,SPY)下跌5.48%,跌幅远大于这三只REIT基金。

先锋基金的优势在于其费用比率(支付给基金公司而不是投资者的收益比例)只有0.12%,为三只基金中最低,并且有丰富的投资组合,涵盖了大多数REIT领域。通常情况下,费用比率低于1.0%是可以承受的。

普信基金以其特色鲜明的投资风格著称,有时候会避开最热门的领域,但该基金有良好的长期业绩记录。虽然其费用比率为0.78%,高于先锋基金,晨星依旧认为普信基金“物有所值”。Cohen & Steers基金也投资各类REIT。该基金的费用比率为0.88%。

总之,投资者需要知道的是,尽管房价偶有下跌,但房地产总体上一直在升值。REIT依旧是参与这个过程最简单的途径。(财富中文网)

翻译:刘进龙

审校:汪皓

成为房东听起来有利可图,不仅可以获得租金收入,还能享受税费减免,等到你意识到做房东的痛苦,你的态度可能会有所改变。

拥有商业地产能带来丰厚的利润,但你会遇到各种烦心事,比如对付拖欠租金的租户、维修漏雨的屋顶,还有艰难的高空置率时期等。如果你需要一些快钱,不要急着把你的房子脱手。卖房过程可能花费几个月时间。

但早在上世纪70年代,华尔街就发明了一种成为房东的简单方式。他们创建了可以公开交易的房地产投资信托,简称REIT(与英文单词“eat”同韵),任何人都可以在股票市场上购买。而且这些信托有很强的流动性:突然需要大笔现金?你可以在几分钟内卖掉自己持有的REIT股票。

许多理财顾问建议客户的投资组合中包括约5%至10%的REIT。现在这些信托在某种程度上与股市相关联,当股市下跌时它们也会随之下跌。但投资公司Cohen & Steers在2020年的研究发现,这两类资产之间的联系并不密切。Cohen & Steers是REIT的发起机构之一。

在2020年初的市场恐慌中,REIT受到严重打击。但随着经济复苏和股市反弹,REIT也开始复苏并大幅上涨。2021年,标普500指数作为市场的代表上涨了26.9%,富时纳瑞特REIT指数(FTSE Nareit All Equity REITs)暴涨了43.2%。今年这两个标杆指数均下跌了约6%。

Cohen & Steers调查发现,在经济上行周期初期,REIT的表现优于股市,而在经济衰退周期REIT受到的冲击较小。REIT行业协会全美房地产投资信托协会(Nareit)研究与投资者推广执行副总裁约翰·沃斯表示,REIT“在通胀时期也表现出色。”原因是房价往往会随着通胀上涨而上涨。

通胀上涨通常还意味着利率更高,如同当前的情形。亨廷顿私人银行(Huntington Private Bank)高级股票分析师戴维·克林克认为,REIT通常“在利率上行环境下有良好的表现。”虽然REIT使用借来的资金购买新房产,但现有贷款通常不会与整体通胀状况挂钩。

REIT的另外一个优势是其发放的股息远高于股市的整体水平:REIT的年股息收益率为2.85%,是标普500指数1.3%的两倍以上。据全美房地产投资信托协会统计,权益型REIT(不包括使用抵押贷款交易的REIT)目前的估值高达1.5万亿美元。

现在是买入REIT的良机

尽管过去两年对商业地产市场造成了破坏,但各类商业地产的未来前景依旧一片光明。最有趣的投资领域是两年前受冲击最严重的部门的复苏,例如办公地产和购物中心,而在疫情中的受益者也有更大的上涨空间,例如工业地产。

办公REIT

该类地产一直领跑商业地产,直到疫情爆发和今年的市场低迷对办公地产造成冲击。但市场看到了希望的曙光。在灾难性的2020年,办公REIT下跌18.4%,但全美房地产投资信托协会的数据显示,去年办公REIT反弹22%,今年第1季度上涨了约3%。

但对于这个领域,需要谨慎投资。不同类别办公REIT的表现存在差别。获胜者显然是新建的高端A类建筑。这类建筑应用高新科技,空间宽敞,巨大的窗户可以提供充足的日光。而B类建筑则落于下风,因为这类建筑通常是老旧的办公楼,天花板较低,格子间毫无灵魂,休息室单调乏味。

虽然现在员工只是零星回到办公室,但一旦疫情结束,A类建筑必定会成功甚至火爆。一些豪华办公地产已经出现了这种趋势,即使是在办公地产市场低迷的地区。

例如,位于曼哈顿中城一栋93层的新摩天大楼One Vanderbilt。据地产研究公司CoStar Group表示这栋大楼已经接近全部租出。曼哈顿中城的办公楼市场遭遇毁灭性打击,但这栋富有魅力的大楼却是例外。房地产公司Colliers表示,2月,曼哈顿中城的办公空间可用率达到创纪录的17.4%。办公空间可用率用于衡量目前的闲置空间和即将空出的空间。

地理位置是寻找好的办公REIT的关键因素。奇尔顿资本管理公司(Chilton Capital Management)REIT策略总经理马特·沃纳警告,目前要避开所谓的门户城市(如纽约、波士顿和芝加哥等)。他发现这些城市增长过于缓慢,不太容易提高租金来支撑其岌岌可危的收入。

他建议,更明智的选择是阳光带,比如亚特兰大、奥斯汀、坦佩、夏洛特等城市。沃纳表示,这些城市的人口持续增长,而且这些地区的监管比门户城市更宽松,因此“建房更容易”。房地产分析公司Green Street预测,未来四年,夏洛特每平方英尺可用空间的收入将增长2%,而纽约仅增长0.1%,芝加哥将下降1.3%。

有一家专注于加州和德克萨斯市场的办公REIT公司吉劳埃地产(Kilroy Realty,KRC)表现突出,开始进军快速增长的奥斯汀市场。吉劳埃地产服务生命科技企业,现代化建筑对这类租户很有吸引力。Green Street研究总监采德里克·拉钱斯表示:“吉劳埃地产确实很了解科技行业。”

该公司股价在2020年下跌29%,2021年反弹19.2%,今年上涨了17.6%。但吉劳埃地产的股价依旧比2019年的本世纪高位低约20%;2007年是该公司股价的最高点。其收入大幅增长,收益强劲。(在REIT领域,收入被称为“营运资金”,简称FFO,其中添加了折旧等非现金项,因为房地产往往会升值。)

2021年最后一个季度,吉劳埃地产的FFO同比增长了10.5%。晨星(Morningstar)分析师凯文·布朗写道:“与我们关注的其他办公REIT相比,在疫情期间,吉劳埃地产的优质办公地产组合业绩出色。”据彭博社报道,该公司的股息收益率为2.8%。

工业REIT

工业REIT以仓库为主,亚马逊(Amazon)喜欢将仓库称为“营运中心”。为了服务随着疫情爆发开始快速增长的电商业务,美国各地如雨后春笋般建设了大量庞大的仓储和货运空间;这种现象可能会继续下去。

全美房地产投资信托协会表示,在新冠疫情肆虐的2020年,工业REIT是为数不多表现良好的几个REIT类别之一,上涨了12.2%。仓库租金同比上涨了约20.4%,而且虽然过去两年新设施建设增加了约三分之二,但空置率只有3.4%。

2021年,工业REIT板块的股价暴涨62%,尽管该板块今年随着整体市场行情下跌了6.1%。

亨廷顿私人银行的克林克认为,一个良好的潜在投资对象是Prologis(PLD)。该公司将空间出租给亚马逊、联邦快递(FedEx)和敦豪速递(DHL)等公司。克林克发现:“虽然该公司股票表现并不抢眼,但业绩强劲。”该公司的股价2020年上涨14%,2021年上涨72%,但今年到目前为止一直表现平平,原因是对于供应链限制的担忧。克林克指出:“这是该公司目前的一点不足。”

作为该公司的支持者,克林克表示,这些问题解决之后,公司股价将恢复上涨趋势。此外,该公司的财报显示,2021年,Prologis的FFO上涨了9%,租金上涨了约20%,入住率高达97%。股息收益率为1.9%。

购物中心REIT

在疫情爆发之前,美国的购物中心市场就已经出现了供大于求,有大量库存。数十年来,购物中心被誉为美国城市的商业区,是青少年聚会的天堂,有美食,有Cineplex电影院,当然还有精彩的故事。

但事情已经发生了变化。早在疫情爆发之前,购物中心市场的规模开始收缩,最早的迹象是购物中心必不可少的百货商店吸引力下降。上世纪90年代是购物中心最火爆的时期,当时美国有约1,500家购物中心;据Green Street统计,目前已经减少到约1,000家。随着彭尼百货(J.C. Penney)和Brooks Brothers等大型零售商申请破产,已经有多家购物中心REIT破产,例如CBL Properties经过痛苦的重组之后,才在2021年摆脱了破产保护状况。

但所有购物中心的情况并不相同,高档购物中心表现出恢复往日繁荣的迹象,但低端购物中心却处境艰难。

最佳投资选择是西蒙地产集团(Simon Property Group,SPG),该公司在富裕的郊区打造了一个高端购物中心帝国。Green Street的拉钱斯表示:“从人口结构上看,这些购物中心都位于黄金地段。购物中心内的布卢明代尔百货(Bloomingdale’s)和诺德斯特龙(Nordstrom)两家精品超市,与彭尼百货等零售商不同,并且利用自身的声誉安全度过了疫情。

整个购物中心领域尤其是西蒙地产面临的一个重大利好是随着疫苗接种、就业增长和工资上涨,零售销售额逐渐反弹。经过2021年火爆的节日季之后,全国零售联合会(National Retail Federation)预测,今年零售销售额将增长6%至8%。该预测不包括餐厅、加油站和汽车经销商,仅计算了零售店的销售额。

作为美国最大的购物中心运营商,西蒙地产在北美、亚洲和欧洲有232家购物中心,如此庞大的规模令公司受益。该公司利用最近的经济混乱,收购了多家处境堪忧但久负盛名的零售商,例如Brooks Brothers。西蒙地产在收益方面表现突出,去年FFO达到45亿美元,比2020年增长了31%,令疫情之前2019年的业绩都相形见绌。该公司的入住率高达93%,令人羡慕不已。其股息收益率高达5.2%。

为了应对2020年经济动荡所带来的问题,西蒙地产降低了股息,并为部分租户减免了租金。西蒙地产的股价在2020年暴跌38%,2021年上涨了95%,但今年下跌了19.6%。分析师将2022年的股市暴跌归咎于管理层的业绩指导。管理层预计2022年的FFO将有小幅减少。但从长远来看,华尔街相信西蒙地产有实力清除任何障碍。

共同基金

想要保证投资安全,可以选择投资房地产投资共同基金的基金。投资REIT的另外一种途径是通过共同基金,这类基金中综合了各类REIT(仓储、住宿、办公、零售等)。投资者通过共同基金可以享受到投资多样化的好处,如果一类REIT下滑,其他类别可以抵消损失。与REIT一样,投资这类共同基金并不难。

晨星推荐的基金包括:先锋房地产指数基金Admiral Shares(Vanguard Real Estate Index Fund Admiral Shares,VGSLX),今年股价下跌了4.77%,在过去10年每年平均上涨9.98%;普信集团房地产基金(T. Rowe Price Real Estate Fund,TRREX),2022年下跌2.34%,过去10年上涨8.79%;以及Cohen & Steers Realty Shares–Class L(CSRSX),今年下跌3.85%,过去10年上涨了11.11%。

需要注意的是,这三只基金过去10年的表现落后于标普500指数。标普500指数跟踪大部分美国上市股票,过去10年每年上涨14.51%。标普500指数的出色表现并不意外,因为科技股繁荣使该基准指数屡创新高。最近,随着利率上涨(科技板块对利率变动尤其敏感)和俄乌冲突,科技股的涨势才有所减弱。

2022年,这三只REIT基金和大盘都处于跌势,但REIT的跌幅较小。今年到目前为止,与标普500指数挂钩的交易所交易基金SPDR标普500 ETF信托(SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust,SPY)下跌5.48%,跌幅远大于这三只REIT基金。

先锋基金的优势在于其费用比率(支付给基金公司而不是投资者的收益比例)只有0.12%,为三只基金中最低,并且有丰富的投资组合,涵盖了大多数REIT领域。通常情况下,费用比率低于1.0%是可以承受的。

普信基金以其特色鲜明的投资风格著称,有时候会避开最热门的领域,但该基金有良好的长期业绩记录。虽然其费用比率为0.78%,高于先锋基金,晨星依旧认为普信基金“物有所值”。Cohen & Steers基金也投资各类REIT。该基金的费用比率为0.88%。

总之,投资者需要知道的是,尽管房价偶有下跌,但房地产总体上一直在升值。REIT依旧是参与这个过程最简单的途径。(财富中文网)

翻译:刘进龙

审校:汪皓

Being a landlord sounds like a lucrative idea—reaping rental income, snagging tax breaks—until you realize what a pain it is.

While owning commercial real estate can turn nice profits, you have to endure dealing with rent-delinquent tenants, fixing leaky roofs, scraping by through high-vacancy periods. Plus, if you need some quick cash, forget about trying to unload your building in a hurry. The sale will take months.

But Wall Streeters, bless ’em, back in the 1970s invented a simple way to become a landlord. They created publicly traded baskets of properties, called real estate investment trusts or REITs (rhymes with “eats”), that anyone can buy on the stock market. And these pools of properties are very liquid: Need to raise a bunch of cash suddenly? You can sell your REIT shares within minutes.

Many financial advisers recommend having around 5% to 10% of your investment portfolio in REITs. Now, these trusts are somewhat correlated to stocks, in that they slide when stocks do. Yet the two asset classes aren’t that tightly correlated, according to a 2020 study from investment house Cohen & Steers, which sponsors REITs.

In the early 2020 market panic, REITs got the stuffing kicked out of them. With the economic recovery and market comeback, however, REITs revived, too, and then some. The S&P 500, representing the market as a whole, rallied 26.9% in 2021, while the FTSE Nareit All Equity REITs index rocketed 43.2%. In the current year, both benchmarks are down almost 6%.

REITs perform better than equities early in economic up cycles and suffer less in recessions, Cohen & Steers found. REITs also “do well in times of inflation,” says John Worth, executive vice president, research and investor outreach at Nareit, the REIT trade group. Reason: Real estate prices tend to increase along with inflation.

Escalating inflation often means higher interest rates, as we’re seeing now. REITs generally “hold up pretty well in a rising rate environment,” argues David Klink, senior equity analyst at Huntington Private Bank. Although REITs use gobs of borrowed money to buy new properties, the existing loans aren’t usually linked to overall inflation.

Another advantage to REITs is that they pay richer dividends than the stock market as a whole: yielding 2.85% annually, more than double the S&P 500’s 1.3%. Equity REITs (which excludes those dealing with mortgages) are now valued at $1.5 trillion, by Nareit’s count.

REITs to buy now

Across the spectrum of commercial real estate, promise is flourishing even amid the damage that the past couple of years has wrought. The most interesting investments are comeback plays from sectors hit the hardest two years ago, such as offices and malls, and also pandemic winners, with more room to rise, like industrials.

Office REITs

They were long the leading sector in commercial real estate until the category got slammed by the pandemic and by this year’s market unpleasantness. But the market sees salvation ahead. After a devastating 2020, down 18.4%, Nareit data show, office REITs bounced back by 22% last year and are up almost 3% through this year’s first quarter.

This is a sector in which to be choosy, though. There’s a bifurcation underway. The clear victors are the newer, high-end Class A buildings, with their state-of-the-art tech links, spacious areas, and enormous windows offering lots of light. On the losers’ side is the Class B stuff, namely older spaces with low ceilings, soulless cube farms, and drab lobbies.

While workers are only now trickling back to the office, the betting is that once the pandemic is history, Class A buildings will succeed and even thrive. And for some deluxe properties, that is already happening, even in troubled real estate locales.

Consider One Vanderbilt, a new 93-story skyscraper in Midtown Manhattan, a building that property research firm CoStar Group says is almost fully leased. This glamorous tower is the exception in the devastated Midtown Manhattan office market. In Midtown, availability, a gauge of both present vacancies and space soon to be emptied, hit a record 17.4% in February, says real estate firm Colliers.

Geography is a key factor in finding good office REITs. So-called gateway cities (New York is one of them, along with places like Boston and Chicago) are generally to be avoided nowadays, warns Matt Werner, managing director of REIT strategy at Chilton Capital Management. He finds these locations too slow-growing and less amenable to raising rents that could bolster their endangered revenues.

A better idea, he advises, is to go to the Sunbelt: Atlanta, Austin, Tempe, Charlotte. Populations are growing there and, thanks to laxer regulations than in the gateway cities, “it’s easier to build,” Werner says. Real estate analytics firm Green Street projects that revenue per available square foot will rise 2% over the next four years in Charlotte, gain just 0.1% in New York, and shrink 1.3% in Chicago.

As such, one office REIT that stands out is Kilroy Realty (KRC), which focuses on California and now Texas, with a burgeoning presence in rapidly growing Austin. Kilroy caters to life sciences and technology, with modern buildings that appeal to these tenants. “Kilroy really knows the tech industry,” says Cedrik Lachance, director of research at Green Street.

The stock, which suffered a 29% downdraft in 2020, rallied 19.2% in 2021, and this year has advanced 17.6%. Kilroy still is about 20% below the 2019 high this century; 2007 was its peak. Revenue has swelled, and earnings are robust. (Earnings are called “funds from operations” in REIT parlance, or FFO, which adds back noncash items like depreciation, as real estate tends to appreciate.)

Kilroy’s FFO was up 10.5% in 2021’s final quarter, compared with the year-prior period. Writes Morningstar analyst Kevin Brown: “The company’s high-quality office portfolio has been able to deliver superior results compared with other office REITs in our coverage throughout the pandemic.” The dividend yield, per Bloomberg, is 2.8%.

Industrial REITs

This REIT subset consists mainly of warehouses, which Amazon likes to call “fulfillment centers.” Huge storage-and-shipment spaces are sprouting up across the land to service the e-commerce rush that started with the pandemic; the phenomenon is likely to keep on trucking.

Industrials were one of the rare REIT groups to do well in COVID-stricken 2020, ahead 12.2%, says Nareit. Rents for warehouses are up some 20.4% yearly, and vacancies are a mere 3.4%, with construction of new facilities increasing almost two-thirds over the past two years.

The segment’s stocks had a boffo 2021, up 62%, although this year they have slipped along with the rest of the market, down 6.1%.

A good prospect is Prologis (PLD), says Huntington’s Klink. The company rents out space to Amazon, FedEx, and DHL, among others. “Their quarterly results are strong, even if the stock is not,” Klink observes. The REIT’s stock rose 14% in 2020 and 72% in 2021, but thus far this year it is flat as worries abound about supply-chain constraints. “Right now, that’s a weakness,” Klink notes.

Once those kinks dissolve, the REIT’s proponents say, the upward trajectory should resume. Meanwhile, Prologis’s FFO advanced in 2021 by 9%, with rent vaulting some 20%, the REIT’s financial report states. Occupancy is 97%. Dividend yield: 1.9%.

Mall REITs

Going into the pandemic, the nation already was over-malled, with enormous amounts of inventory. For decades, malls were celebrated as America’s downtowns—meccas for teenage hangouts, food courts, Cineplexes, and, of course, stories galore.

How things have changed. Even before the virus’s onset, a shrinkage was occurring, first seen as the appeal waned for mall anchor department stores. At the malls’ peak in the 1990s, the U.S. had about 1,500 of them; that since has shrunk to around 1,000, by Green Street’s measure. As big retailers like J.C. Penney and Brooks Brothers filed for bankruptcy, several mall REITs also went bust, such as CBL Properties, which emerged from Chapter 11 in 2021 after a painful restructuring.

But all malls are not created equal, and the more upscale ones show every sign of returning to their previous prominence. The dreck, not so much.

Exhibit A is Simon Property Group (SPG), which created an empire of high-end shopping emporiums in affluent suburbs. “They’re in prime demographic areas,” says Green Street’s Lachance. “They have Bloomingdale’s and Nordstrom,” two chichi department stores that stand apart from the likes of Penney, and have used their cachet to soldier through the pandemic.

A big tailwind for Simon in particular and malls in general is the revival of retail sales, thanks to vaccinations, job growth, and wage increases. Following a vibrant 2021 holiday season, the National Retail Federation predicts that retail sales will rise between 6% and 8% this year. The tally omits restaurants, gas stations, and auto dealers, and concentrates on stores.

The nation’s largest mall operator, Simon benefits from a big footprint, encompassing 232 malls in North America, Asia, and Europe. The REIT has used the recent economic turmoil to scoop up wobbly yet storied retailers such as Brooks Brothers. In earnings terms, Simon has distinguished itself, last year garnering $4.5 billion in FFO, up 31% from 2020 and eclipsing its pre-pandemic 2019 result. The company also had an enviable 93% occupancy rate. And its dividend yield is a rich 5.2%.

Needing to work through problems that the rocky 2020 economy generated, Simon cut its dividend and gave some tenants rent breaks. The stock got hammered in 2020, losing 38%, recovered in 2021 with a 95% rise, but this year is off 19.6%. Analysts attribute 2022’s share slump to management’s guidance suggesting a slightly smaller FFO for 2022. But for the long pull, optimism is rife on Wall Street that Simon will power though any snags.

The mutual fund alternative

To feel safer, you always can go for pools of real estate pools. Another way of investing in REITs is via mutual funds, which aggregate a wide panoply of REITs (storage, lodging, offices, retail, etc.) under one banner. With them, you enjoy the virtue of diversification, so if one REIT type slides, then others can offset it. Like individual REITs, funds are easy to cash in.

Morningstar has recommended Vanguard Real Estate Index Fund Admiral Shares (VGSLX), which is down 4.77% for the year and is up an average 9.98% annually over the past 10 years; T. Rowe Price Real Estate Fund (TRREX), minus 2.34% in 2022 and positive 8.79% over 10 years; and Cohen & Steers Realty Shares–Class L (CSRSX), negative 3.85% this year and ahead 11.11% for the past decade.

Note that, over the previous 10 years, these three funds lagged the performance of the S&P 500 index, which tracks the bulk of U.S.-listed stocks and clocked a 14.51% annual gain. That superior showing is not surprising as the boom in tech stocks has buoyed the benchmark index to record heights. The technology run has only recently flagged amid rising interest rates (which tech is especially allergic to) and the turmoil in Ukraine.

In 2022, both our trio of REIT funds and the index are in the red, except the REITs aren’t as bad off. The SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust (SPY), an exchange-traded fund that apes the index, logged a deeper loss than the three REIT funds year to date, down 5.48%.

The Vanguard fund benefits from the lowest expense ratio (the portion of returns that go to the fund company, and not to you) of the three, at 0.12%, and has a broad-ranging portfolio covering most of the REIT field. Typically, any expense ratio below 1.0% is considered affordable.

The T. Rowe offering is known for its discriminating style, sometimes avoiding the hottest areas, but has a good long-term record. Although its expense ratio, 0.78%, is not as low as Vanguard’s fund, Morningstar still termed the T. Rowe a “bargain.” The Cohen & Steers fund also covers a broad array of REIT types. Its ratio is 0.88%.

All told, it pays to know that, despite some dips, real estate has a history of climbing in value. REITs remain the easiest way to go along for the trip.

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