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奥密克戎病毒家用检测试剂不稳定,即将推出改进版

奥密克戎病毒家用检测试剂不稳定,即将推出改进版

Andrew Marquardt 2022-01-22
卫生专家表示,不要认为家庭快速抗原检测就是百分之百的可靠,尤其是与实验室或诊所进行的PCR检测相比更是如此。

2021年12月,人们发现常用的家用新冠检测试剂在奥密克戎变异毒株的检测准确率方面并不稳定。此后不久,美国食品与药品监督管理局(U.S. Food and Drug Administration)颁布了两个家用检测产品的紧急使用授权。专家表示,这些产品设计更合理,能够检测出这款传染性极强的冠状病毒变体。

即将于未来几周上市的新检测试剂包括罗氏(Roche)家用新冠病毒检测试剂和西门子医疗(Siemens Healthineers)的Clinitest新冠抗原快速检测试剂。

罗氏的一名发言人向《华盛顿邮报》(Washington Post)透露,消费者从1月下旬开始就可以买到新的检测试剂,而西门子的一名发言人表示,现在说检测试剂何时上市还为时过早,不过该发言人随后补充说,公司正在加快试剂的生产进度。

罗氏的发言人米歇尔·约翰逊在给《财富》杂志的一份声明中称,罗氏公司“每月将向市场投放数千万检测试剂,而且其最初的关注点在于以社区为单位的大规模高效测试。”该公司还计划“3月下旬开始与零售商和药店合作,在美国各地提供广泛的测试渠道。”西门子医疗向《财富》杂志透露,他们将“向美国民众提供数百万份新冠病毒抗原快速检测试剂”,但没有给出时间表。

卫生专家表示,不要认为家庭快速抗原检测就是百分之百的可靠,尤其是与实验室或诊所进行的PCR检测相比更是如此。

安东尼·福奇博士最近在白宫新闻发布会上说:“在处理抗原检测时,每个人从一开始就知道,从检测的技术角度来看,其灵敏度低于PCR检测,也就是说新冠抗原检测的灵敏度并非百分百。”

快速检测的原理是检测抗原,而后者是存在于病毒表面的蛋白质。抗原检测的灵敏度取决于个人体内的病毒数量。这意味着个人需要产生更多的抗原才能够在快速测试中产生阳性结果。也就是说,新冠感染者使用家用检测试剂后仍然可能显示为阴性,因为这个人的病毒载量不够高,无法被检测出来。

大多数抗原检测的灵敏度在50%至90%之间,这意味着抗原检测的假阴性率很高。相比之下,PCR检测的灵敏度约为98%,检测结果更准确,并且很少产生假阴性。

美国国立卫生研究院(National Institutes of Health)聘请了一家实验室来评估市场上快速检测的有效性。该实验室的主任医师威尔伯·拉姆向《华盛顿邮报》透露,这两种新的抗原检测意义重大,因为与现有的市售抗原检测相比,它们在检测奥密克戎变异毒株方面“表现非常好”。

奥密克戎病毒感染在全美范围内达到峰值可能还需要几周的时间,但是消费者对家庭快速抗原检测试剂的需求已经达到了新冠疫情爆发以来的最高水平。(财富中文网)

译者:梁宇

审校:夏林

2021年12月,人们发现常用的家用新冠检测试剂在奥密克戎变异毒株的检测准确率方面并不稳定。此后不久,美国食品与药品监督管理局(U.S. Food and Drug Administration)颁布了两个家用检测产品的紧急使用授权。专家表示,这些产品设计更合理,能够检测出这款传染性极强的冠状病毒变体。

即将于未来几周上市的新检测试剂包括罗氏(Roche)家用新冠病毒检测试剂和西门子医疗(Siemens Healthineers)的Clinitest新冠抗原快速检测试剂。

罗氏的一名发言人向《华盛顿邮报》(Washington Post)透露,消费者从1月下旬开始就可以买到新的检测试剂,而西门子的一名发言人表示,现在说检测试剂何时上市还为时过早,不过该发言人随后补充说,公司正在加快试剂的生产进度。

罗氏的发言人米歇尔·约翰逊在给《财富》杂志的一份声明中称,罗氏公司“每月将向市场投放数千万检测试剂,而且其最初的关注点在于以社区为单位的大规模高效测试。”该公司还计划“3月下旬开始与零售商和药店合作,在美国各地提供广泛的测试渠道。”西门子医疗向《财富》杂志透露,他们将“向美国民众提供数百万份新冠病毒抗原快速检测试剂”,但没有给出时间表。

卫生专家表示,不要认为家庭快速抗原检测就是百分之百的可靠,尤其是与实验室或诊所进行的PCR检测相比更是如此。

安东尼·福奇博士最近在白宫新闻发布会上说:“在处理抗原检测时,每个人从一开始就知道,从检测的技术角度来看,其灵敏度低于PCR检测,也就是说新冠抗原检测的灵敏度并非百分百。”

快速检测的原理是检测抗原,而后者是存在于病毒表面的蛋白质。抗原检测的灵敏度取决于个人体内的病毒数量。这意味着个人需要产生更多的抗原才能够在快速测试中产生阳性结果。也就是说,新冠感染者使用家用检测试剂后仍然可能显示为阴性,因为这个人的病毒载量不够高,无法被检测出来。

大多数抗原检测的灵敏度在50%至90%之间,这意味着抗原检测的假阴性率很高。相比之下,PCR检测的灵敏度约为98%,检测结果更准确,并且很少产生假阴性。

美国国立卫生研究院(National Institutes of Health)聘请了一家实验室来评估市场上快速检测的有效性。该实验室的主任医师威尔伯·拉姆向《华盛顿邮报》透露,这两种新的抗原检测意义重大,因为与现有的市售抗原检测相比,它们在检测奥密克戎变异毒株方面“表现非常好”。

奥密克戎病毒感染在全美范围内达到峰值可能还需要几周的时间,但是消费者对家庭快速抗原检测试剂的需求已经达到了新冠疫情爆发以来的最高水平。(财富中文网)

译者:梁宇

审校:夏林

Shortly after it was discovered in December 2021 that commonly used at-home antigen COVID-19 tests may not always accurately detect the Omicron variant, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration issued emergency-use authorizations for two at-home tests that experts said were better designed to detect the highly contagious coronavirus variant.

The new tests—Roche’s COVID-19 At-Home Test, and Siemens Healthineers’ Clinitest—are set to hit the shelves in the coming weeks.

A spokesperson for Roche told the Washington Post that consumers will be able to purchase the new tests beginning in late January, while a Siemens spokesperson said it was too early to say when tests will arrive in stores, but added production was ramping up.

In a statement to Fortune, Roche spokesperson Michelle A. Johnson said it is the company's intent "to bring tens of millions of tests per month into the market with an initial focus on community-based testing at large scale and efficiency." The company also plans to "work with retailers and pharmacies in late March to provide broad access to this test across the United States." Siemens told Fortune it was “making millions of rapid COVID-19 antigen tests available to the American people,” but did not specify a timeline.

At-home rapid antigen tests were never expected to be completely reliable, especially compared to the PCR tests that are performed in a lab or clinic, according to health experts.

“When you’re dealing with an antigen test, everyone knows from the beginning that it is not, by the nature of the technical aspect of the test, as sensitive as a PCR—so it isn’t 100% sensitive,” Dr. Anthony Fauci said during a recent White House briefing.

Rapid tests work by detecting antigens, which are proteins that live on the surface of the virus. The sensitivity of the antigen tests vary depending on the amount of virus within one person. This means a person needs to produce a higher number of antigens to produce a positive result in a rapid test. But someone can be positive for COVID and still test negative on an at-home test because the person’s viral load is not high enough to be detected.

Most antigen tests have a sensitivity rate that ranges from 50% to 90%, meaning they produce a high rate of false negatives. PCR tests, by contrast, produce about a 98% sensitivity rate, which means they are more accurate at detecting the virus and rarely produce false negatives.

The two new antigen tests are significant because they “perform really well” at detecting Omicron when compared to the existing antigen tests available in stores, said Wilbur Lam, the physician who runs the lab enlisted by the National Institutes of Health to evaluate the effectiveness of rapid tests on the market, told the Washington Post.

The nationwide Omicron peak is likely weeks away, but consumer demand for the at-home, rapid antigen tests has reached its highest levels since the pandemic began.

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