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近三成比特币掌握在0.01%的“神秘买家”手中

1万个比特币账户共持有500万枚比特币,而当前流通的比特币总量为1900万个。

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数年来,比特币(Bitcoin)的支持者一直称,加密货币比法定货币更公平,而且加密货币能够重新分配传统上由各大银行掌控的金融话语权。

然而,美国国家经济研究局(National Bureau of Economic Research)的一项研究显示,很大一部分比特币的供应由一小撮投资者把控着。研究人员发现,0.01%的加密货币持有者掌控着27%的比特币供应。

该研究称,1万个比特币账户持有500万枚比特币,而当前流通的比特币总量为1900万个,约合2320亿美元。加密货币平台crypto.com称,全球估计共有1140万个账户持有比特币。因此,其集中度比当前1%的美国富人持有约1/3的美国财富有过之而无不及。

美国国家经济研究局的这项研究由麻省理工学院斯隆管理学院(MIT Sloan School of Management)的金融学教授安托瓦内特·肖尔和伦敦经济学院(London School of Economics)的伊戈·马卡洛夫共同开展,并首次对比特币在2008年左右面世之后的每一笔交易进行了统计。

目前尚不清楚这0.01%的比特币账户持有者都是谁。

除了发现比特币的控制权基本上集中在一小撮投资者手上之外,该研究还揭示了比特币的去向。该研究称,90%的比特币交易并非源于用户购物行为,而是单个用户自有加密货币账户之间的交易。这可能是因为人们会通过公共分类账户来跟踪比特币交易,因此很多比特币用户会在多个钱包之间移动其资金,其目的就是为了加大跟踪的难度。而在剩余的10%的交易中,不到3%与非法交易、丑闻或博彩有关,其余大部分都与代表机构投资者的不同类型交易所和交易柜台有关联。

一直持有比特币的早期投资者斩获了巨大的收益。比特币新闻资源网CoinDesk称,这款因为波动性而著称的加密货币在2020年3月的单位价格约为5000美元,曾经在今年11月达到了68990美元的天价。(财富中文网)

译者:冯丰

审校:夏林

数年来,比特币(Bitcoin)的支持者一直称,加密货币比法定货币更公平,而且加密货币能够重新分配传统上由各大银行掌控的金融话语权。

然而,美国国家经济研究局(National Bureau of Economic Research)的一项研究显示,很大一部分比特币的供应由一小撮投资者把控着。研究人员发现,0.01%的加密货币持有者掌控着27%的比特币供应。

该研究称,1万个比特币账户持有500万枚比特币,而当前流通的比特币总量为1900万个,约合2320亿美元。加密货币平台crypto.com称,全球估计共有1140万个账户持有比特币。因此,其集中度比当前1%的美国富人持有约1/3的美国财富有过之而无不及。

美国国家经济研究局的这项研究由麻省理工学院斯隆管理学院(MIT Sloan School of Management)的金融学教授安托瓦内特·肖尔和伦敦经济学院(London School of Economics)的伊戈·马卡洛夫共同开展,并首次对比特币在2008年左右面世之后的每一笔交易进行了统计。

目前尚不清楚这0.01%的比特币账户持有者都是谁。

除了发现比特币的控制权基本上集中在一小撮投资者手上之外,该研究还揭示了比特币的去向。该研究称,90%的比特币交易并非源于用户购物行为,而是单个用户自有加密货币账户之间的交易。这可能是因为人们会通过公共分类账户来跟踪比特币交易,因此很多比特币用户会在多个钱包之间移动其资金,其目的就是为了加大跟踪的难度。而在剩余的10%的交易中,不到3%与非法交易、丑闻或博彩有关,其余大部分都与代表机构投资者的不同类型交易所和交易柜台有关联。

一直持有比特币的早期投资者斩获了巨大的收益。比特币新闻资源网CoinDesk称,这款因为波动性而著称的加密货币在2020年3月的单位价格约为5000美元,曾经在今年11月达到了68990美元的天价。(财富中文网)

译者:冯丰

审校:夏林

Bitcoin advocates have said for years that cryptocurrency is more egalitarian than fiat currency, and that crypto is a way to redistribute financial power that has traditionally been in the hands of banks.

But a new study by the National Bureau of Economic Research reveals that a minuscule group of investors control more of the supply of Bitcoin. Researchers found that 0.01% of the cryptocurrency’s holders control 27% of the supply.

The study said 10,000 Bitcoin accounts hold 5 million out of the 19 million coins in circulation, or the equivalent of about $232 billion. An estimated 114 million accounts hold Bitcoin worldwide, according to crypto.com. That’s more concentrated wealth than the 1% of affluent Americans who currently control about one-third of U.S. dollars, a figure that many have pointed to as an indicator of massive inequality.

The NBER study, conducted by finance professors Antoinette Schoar at the MIT Sloan School of Management and Igor Makarov of the London School of Economics, mapped out for the first time every Bitcoin transaction since the cryptocurrency was created around 2008.

It’s unclear who the Bitcoin account holders are that make up that .01%.

Along with the findings that control of Bitcoin is largely in the hands of a small group of investors, the study also revealed what Bitcoin is spent on. According to the study, 90% of Bitcoin transactions are not a result of a user buying something with the currency, but rather transactions between a single user’s own crypto accounts. That may be because Bitcoin transactions are tracked on a public ledger, many Bitcoin users move their funds across multiple wallets to make tracing them harder. Of the remaining 10% of transactions, the report said less than 3% of them are linked to illegal transactions, scams, or gambling. The bulk of that 10% is linked to transactions between different types of exchanges and trading desks that represent institutional investors, the report said.

Early investors in Bitcoin have reaped tremendous benefits if they held on to the cryptocurrency. Priced at around $5,000 per coin in March 2020, the famously volatile digital currency reached as high as $68,990 in November, according to CoinDesk.

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