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2021年,顶级富豪财富迎史上最大幅增长

2021年,顶级富豪财富迎史上最大幅增长

NICOLE GOODKIND 2021-12-12
疫情期间,各国政府纷纷向本国经济注入大量资金。这些资金推高了股价和房价,最富有人群的财富也因此再度增值。

新冠肺炎疫情发生以来,世界上最有钱的人已变得更加富有。

根据世界不平等实验室(World Inequality Lab)的年度《世界不平等报告》(World Inequality Report),2021年,亿万富翁的财富占比出现了有史以来的最大增长。

报告发现,最富有的0.01%(即52万人),每人拥有超过1,900万美元,他们的财富占世界财富总额的11%,比2020年增加了整整一个百分点。与此同时,亿万富翁的全球财富占比已从1995年的1%增长到2021年的3%。

疫情期间,各国政府纷纷向本国经济注入大量资金,以缓解疫情导致的停摆所造成的经济困难。但这些资金也推高了股价和房价,最富有人群的财富也因此再度增值。

经济学家阿比吉特·班纳吉和埃斯特·迪弗洛在报告引言中写道:“财富是未来经济收益的主要来源,也愈发成为权力和影响力的主要来源,因此,这预示着不平等将进一步加剧。”他们因对贫困的研究获得了2019年诺贝尔奖,他们说,我们生活在一个“经济权力极端集中在极少数超级富豪手中”的世界。

与此同时,不平等也在加剧,社会福利保障体系不够强大的国家尤甚。报告发现,上世纪90年代中期以来积累的所有新增财富中,最富有的1%人群得到了其中的38%,而最贫穷的50%仅得到了2%。

该研究发现,针对新冠肺炎疫情,美国政府给所有人钱袋子里都装现金的大规模计划确实成功减少了部分不平等。

“新冠肺炎危机加剧了富人和其他人群之间的不平等。然而,在富裕国家,政府出手干防止止了贫困人口大规模增加,穷国却无法做到这一点。这表明社会国家在与贫困斗争中的重要性。”该报告的主要作者卢卡斯·钱塞尔说。

该报告称,自上世纪80年代以来,大多数国家的贫富差距都有所加剧,与政府放松管制的时间段恰好吻合。世界不平等实验室的数据显示,如今全球财富不平等程度几乎与20世纪初西方帝国主义鼎盛时期的水平相当。该实验室由世界顶尖经济学家和社会科学家组成,专注于研究全球不平等问题。

这份由托马斯·皮凯蒂、伊曼纽尔·赛斯和加布里埃尔·祖克曼会同钱塞尔共同撰写的报告还发现,财富不平等与碳排放和气候变化目标有很强的相关性。富裕国家中较贫穷的一半人的排放量已经达到(或接近)2030年的气候目标,但较富裕的另一半却并非如此。

“碳排放领域的巨大不平等表明,气候政策应该对富裕的污染者更具针对性。”报告总结道,“目前,碳税等气候政策往往对中低收入人群产生不成比例的影响,却无法改变最富裕群体的消费习惯。”(财富中文网)

译者:Agatha

新冠肺炎疫情发生以来,世界上最有钱的人已变得更加富有。

根据世界不平等实验室(World Inequality Lab)的年度《世界不平等报告》(World Inequality Report),2021年,亿万富翁的财富占比出现了有史以来的最大增长。

报告发现,最富有的0.01%(即52万人),每人拥有超过1,900万美元,他们的财富占世界财富总额的11%,比2020年增加了整整一个百分点。与此同时,亿万富翁的全球财富占比已从1995年的1%增长到2021年的3%。

疫情期间,各国政府纷纷向本国经济注入大量资金,以缓解疫情导致的停摆所造成的经济困难。但这些资金也推高了股价和房价,最富有人群的财富也因此再度增值。

经济学家阿比吉特·班纳吉和埃斯特·迪弗洛在报告引言中写道:“财富是未来经济收益的主要来源,也愈发成为权力和影响力的主要来源,因此,这预示着不平等将进一步加剧。”他们因对贫困的研究获得了2019年诺贝尔奖,他们说,我们生活在一个“经济权力极端集中在极少数超级富豪手中”的世界。

与此同时,不平等也在加剧,社会福利保障体系不够强大的国家尤甚。报告发现,上世纪90年代中期以来积累的所有新增财富中,最富有的1%人群得到了其中的38%,而最贫穷的50%仅得到了2%。

该研究发现,针对新冠肺炎疫情,美国政府给所有人钱袋子里都装现金的大规模计划确实成功减少了部分不平等。

“新冠肺炎危机加剧了富人和其他人群之间的不平等。然而,在富裕国家,政府出手干防止止了贫困人口大规模增加,穷国却无法做到这一点。这表明社会国家在与贫困斗争中的重要性。”该报告的主要作者卢卡斯·钱塞尔说。

该报告称,自上世纪80年代以来,大多数国家的贫富差距都有所加剧,与政府放松管制的时间段恰好吻合。世界不平等实验室的数据显示,如今全球财富不平等程度几乎与20世纪初西方帝国主义鼎盛时期的水平相当。该实验室由世界顶尖经济学家和社会科学家组成,专注于研究全球不平等问题。

这份由托马斯·皮凯蒂、伊曼纽尔·赛斯和加布里埃尔·祖克曼会同钱塞尔共同撰写的报告还发现,财富不平等与碳排放和气候变化目标有很强的相关性。富裕国家中较贫穷的一半人的排放量已经达到(或接近)2030年的气候目标,但较富裕的另一半却并非如此。

“碳排放领域的巨大不平等表明,气候政策应该对富裕的污染者更具针对性。”报告总结道,“目前,碳税等气候政策往往对中低收入人群产生不成比例的影响,却无法改变最富裕群体的消费习惯。”(财富中文网)

译者:Agatha

The world’s richest people got a whole lot richer during the COVID-19 crisis.

In 2021, billionaires saw the steepest increase in their share of wealth on record, according to The World Inequality Lab’s annual World Inequality Report.

The top 0.01% richest individuals—the 520,000 people who have at least $19 million— now hold 11% of the world's wealth, up a full percentage point from 2020, the report found. Meanwhile, the share of global wealth owned by billionaires has grown from 1% in 1995 to 3% in 2021.

The jump comes as governments around the world poured money into their economies to mitigate the economic pain created by pandemic shutdowns. But that money also boosted stock prices and real estate values, adding to the wealth of top-earning individuals.

"Since wealth is a major source of future economic gains, and increasingly, of power and influence, this presages further increases in inequality," economists Abhijit Banerjee and Esther Duflo, who won a 2019 Nobel prize for their research on poverty, wrote in the introduction of the report. We are living in a world with an "extreme concentration of economic power in the hands of a very small minority of the super-rich," they said.

At the same time, inequality has also grown, particularly in countries without strong social welfare nets. The top 1% have grabbed 38% of all additional wealth accumulated since the mid-1990s, while the bottom 50% captured just 2% of it, the report found.

Massive programs unique to the COVID-19 epidemic in the United States meant to infuse cash into the pockets of all Americans did successfully mitigate some of that inequality, the study found.

“The COVID crisis has exacerbated inequalities between the very wealthy and the rest of the population. Yet, in rich countries, government intervention prevented a massive rise in poverty, this was not the case in poor countries. This shows the importance of social states in the fight against poverty.”, said Lucas Chancel, the report's lead author.

Still, wealth inequality has risen in most countries since the 1980s, coinciding with a period of governmental deregulation, said the report. Today, global wealth inequality is nearly at the same level as during the peak of Western imperialism in the early 20th century, according to The World Inequality Lab, a group of the world's top economists and social scientists focused on studying global inequality.

The report, which was, in addition to Chancel, authored by Thomas Piketty, Emmanuel Saez, and Gabriel Zucman, also found that wealth inequality had a strong correlation to carbon emissions and climate change goals. The poorest half of the population in rich countries is already at (or near) the 2030 climate targets in terms of emission rates, but that’s not the case for the top 50%.

“Large inequalities in emissions suggest that climate policies should target wealthy polluters more,” the report concluded. “So far, climate policies such as carbon taxes have often disproportionately impacted low and middle-income groups, while leaving the consumption habits of wealthiest groups unchanged.”

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