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德尔塔变种病毒的感染症状与其他新冠毒株有何不同?

德尔塔变种病毒的感染症状与其他新冠毒株有何不同?

Sy Mukherjee 2021-08-14
感染不同的变种病毒,可能表现出不同的症状。

冠状病毒种类繁多。它的多样性令人惊恐,但这就是我们必须直面的现实。它们可以引起各种各样的疾病,从通常温和的普通感冒,到严重得多的呼吸系统疾病,例如非典型肺炎(SARS)和中东呼吸综合征(MERS),当然还包括导致新冠肺炎的新型冠状病毒——迄今为止,它已经在全世界夺走了400多万条生命。

而且,就连引发新冠肺炎的那种冠状病毒毒株,也在过去一年半的时间里不断变异。对公众来说,这意味着,新冠肺炎的提示性症状可能有所不同,这取决于你不幸感染了哪一种版本的冠状病毒。但人们并不总是很清楚到底是怎样的。典型的初始症状可能是失去嗅觉或味觉;感染德尔塔(Delta)变异毒株可能不会导致这些症状,但感染者可能出现其他症状,比如流鼻涕、头痛。

新冠肺炎是一种奇怪的疾病,公共卫生官员仍然在努力解开这个谜团。最常见的、以及一些更加奇特的症状,已经被关注了相当长一段时间。其中包括突然失去味觉或嗅觉、喉咙痛、流鼻涕和鼻塞、恶心、腹泻、呼吸困难、发烧,以及肌肉酸痛。这些类似流感的典型症状与感冒相交叉,然后会出现一些意想不到的症状,例如感觉功能减弱。如果患上“新冠长期症状”(Long COVID),你就不得不面临与之长期共存的可怕前景。

目前在全球传播的多个新冠病毒变种——包括目前占美国新增新冠感染病例大多数的德尔塔变异毒株——使问题进一步复杂化,因为不同的变种可能以不同的方式表现出来。所有这些突变,无论是阿尔法(Alpha)、德尔塔,还是拉姆达(Lambda)变异毒株,或者其他完全不同的变种,仍然是如此之新,以至于我们很难评估每个威胁的确切性质。

到目前为止,在所有被美国疾病控制中心(Centers for Disease Control)和世界卫生组织(World Health Organization)列为“须关切变种”的主要变种群中,德尔塔变异毒株对全球的杀伤力最为严重。这种变异毒株以传播力强和病毒载量高著称,能够在疾病的早期阶段更快地传播病原体。

目前看来,根据英国最新发布的数据,德尔塔变异毒株可能会引起头痛、喉咙痛和流鼻涕等症状,也可能会引起发烧和咳嗽,这些症状甚至会出现在一些完全接种新冠疫苗的人身上。(顺便说一下,英国正在疲于应对德尔塔感染浪潮。)一般来说,这些都是典型的新冠肺炎症状,但不包括味觉或嗅觉丧失这一提示性迹象。

这意味着,随着我们即将在几个月后进入流感和感冒季节,德尔塔变异毒株感染患者和轻度流感患者可能会变得更加难以区分。

这些新冠变种症状的广度和深度将在未来几年大白于天下。就目前而言,好消息是,尽管辉瑞(Pfizer)和阿斯利康(AstraZeneca)等公司的现有疫苗可能无法完全阻止新冠变异毒株的传播,以及这些症状的出现,但它们在预防可能导致住院或死亡的重症方面表现得相当有效。(财富中文网)

译者:任文科

冠状病毒种类繁多。它的多样性令人惊恐,但这就是我们必须直面的现实。它们可以引起各种各样的疾病,从通常温和的普通感冒,到严重得多的呼吸系统疾病,例如非典型肺炎(SARS)和中东呼吸综合征(MERS),当然还包括导致新冠肺炎的新型冠状病毒——迄今为止,它已经在全世界夺走了400多万条生命。

而且,就连引发新冠肺炎的那种冠状病毒毒株,也在过去一年半的时间里不断变异。对公众来说,这意味着,新冠肺炎的提示性症状可能有所不同,这取决于你不幸感染了哪一种版本的冠状病毒。但人们并不总是很清楚到底是怎样的。典型的初始症状可能是失去嗅觉或味觉;感染德尔塔(Delta)变异毒株可能不会导致这些症状,但感染者可能出现其他症状,比如流鼻涕、头痛。

新冠肺炎是一种奇怪的疾病,公共卫生官员仍然在努力解开这个谜团。最常见的、以及一些更加奇特的症状,已经被关注了相当长一段时间。其中包括突然失去味觉或嗅觉、喉咙痛、流鼻涕和鼻塞、恶心、腹泻、呼吸困难、发烧,以及肌肉酸痛。这些类似流感的典型症状与感冒相交叉,然后会出现一些意想不到的症状,例如感觉功能减弱。如果患上“新冠长期症状”(Long COVID),你就不得不面临与之长期共存的可怕前景。

目前在全球传播的多个新冠病毒变种——包括目前占美国新增新冠感染病例大多数的德尔塔变异毒株——使问题进一步复杂化,因为不同的变种可能以不同的方式表现出来。所有这些突变,无论是阿尔法(Alpha)、德尔塔,还是拉姆达(Lambda)变异毒株,或者其他完全不同的变种,仍然是如此之新,以至于我们很难评估每个威胁的确切性质。

到目前为止,在所有被美国疾病控制中心(Centers for Disease Control)和世界卫生组织(World Health Organization)列为“须关切变种”的主要变种群中,德尔塔变异毒株对全球的杀伤力最为严重。这种变异毒株以传播力强和病毒载量高著称,能够在疾病的早期阶段更快地传播病原体。

目前看来,根据英国最新发布的数据,德尔塔变异毒株可能会引起头痛、喉咙痛和流鼻涕等症状,也可能会引起发烧和咳嗽,这些症状甚至会出现在一些完全接种新冠疫苗的人身上。(顺便说一下,英国正在疲于应对德尔塔感染浪潮。)一般来说,这些都是典型的新冠肺炎症状,但不包括味觉或嗅觉丧失这一提示性迹象。

这意味着,随着我们即将在几个月后进入流感和感冒季节,德尔塔变异毒株感染患者和轻度流感患者可能会变得更加难以区分。

这些新冠变种症状的广度和深度将在未来几年大白于天下。就目前而言,好消息是,尽管辉瑞(Pfizer)和阿斯利康(AstraZeneca)等公司的现有疫苗可能无法完全阻止新冠变异毒株的传播,以及这些症状的出现,但它们在预防可能导致住院或死亡的重症方面表现得相当有效。(财富中文网)

译者:任文科

Coronaviruses contain multitudes. Terrible multitudes, but multitudes nonetheless. They can cause everything from the usually-benign common cold to far more serious respiratory conditions such as SARS and MERS and, of course, the novel coronavirus which causes COVID and has claimed more than four million lives around the world to date.

And even that particular strain of coronavirus which leads to COVID-19 has continuously mutated itself over the course of the past year and a half. What that means for the public is that, depending on which version of the coronavirus you may catch, the tell-tale symptoms may diverge. But it's not always clear exactly how. Classic COVID may start off with loss of smell or taste; catching the COVID Delta strain may not lead to those symptoms but could cause others such as a runny nose and headache.

COVID is a strange puzzle of a disease which public health officials are still trying to piece together. The most common, and some of the weirder, symptoms have been on the radar for a while now: A sudden loss of taste or smell, sore throat, runny nose and congestion, nausea, diarrhea, difficulty breathing, fever, muscle aches. The typical trappings of something like the flu crossed with the cold and then multiplied by unexpected symptoms such as sensory dilution and the dire prospect of having to live with them if you have a case of "long COVID."

The multiple COVID variants now circulating the globe, include the Delta variant which now makes up a majority of new COVID-19 cases in the U.S., complicate the matter further since different variants may manifest in different ways. And all of these mutations, whether they be the Alpha, Delta, or Lambda variants or something else entirely, are still so new that it's difficult to assess the precise nature of each individual threat.

Of the major mutation groups that the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) list as "variants of concern," the Delta variant is by far doing the most damage globally due to its transmissibility and high levels "viral load" that can spread the pathogen faster and at an earlier stage of illness.

For now, it appears that the Delta variant (even in some who are fully vaccinated for COVID) can cause symptoms such as a headache, sore throat, and runny nose, and also potentially a fever and a cough, based on recent data from the U.K., which is grappling with Delta variant breakouts. Those are all typical COVID symptoms generally but don't include the tell-tale sign of taste or smell loss.

That means that as we head into the flu and cold season in several months, it might become more difficult to distinguish between a highly contagious COVID Delta variant patient and someone with a mild flu.

The coming years will reveal the breadth and depth of COVID-19 symptoms across its variants. For now, the good news is that while available vaccines from the likes of Pfizer and AstraZeneca may not entirely prevent coronavirus mutations from spreading, and these kinds of symptoms occurring, they are quite effective in preventing serious illness that can lead to hospitalization or death.

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