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新冠病毒再出新变种,能够躲过人体免疫系统识别

新冠病毒再出新变种,能够躲过人体免疫系统识别

Sy Mukherjee 2021-07-11
新的变种病毒陆续出现表明,对病毒变异的基因监测非常重要。

世界卫生组织(World Health Organization)在需留意的新冠病毒变异株名单上又增加了一个新变种:Lambda变异毒株。

目前,该变种病毒已经扩散至20多个国家,其中大部分主要集中在南美洲。去年,秘鲁首次发现Lambda变种,而在过去两个月里,这种病毒感染了该国82%的新病例。与此同时,智利有大约三分之一的病例携带Lambda病毒株,而英国也是出现零星病例的国家之一。6月中,世界卫生组织首次将其列为值得留意的变异病毒株——这种变种病毒可能比原病毒株更易传播,已经在多个国家爆发疫情,或从理论上来看可能导致更严重的疾病,或更不易受现有治疗方式和疫苗干预。

不过,相较德尔塔等变种病毒,此刻想确定Lambda是否比其他病毒株更致命,或是否对疫苗和治疗方式产生耐药性,还为时过早。

变异株的传播性增强,并不代表一定有更强的致命性。根据以色列的新研究显示,以辉瑞(Pfizer)/BioNTech疫苗为例,对预防感染德尔塔变种病毒或轻症的效力可能只有64%,但在预防重症或需住院治疗方面,效用仍然达到90%以上。

公共卫生官员敦促需展开更多研究和追踪工作,以评估Lambda变异株的威胁程度。一项非常初步的研究发现,Lambda变异毒株的刺突蛋白(会附着人体细胞上的结构)的特定突变会增加感染性,并且能够躲过人体免疫系统的识别。尽管没有哪一种疫苗对所有病毒株完全有效,但扩大疫苗接种范围至关重要。

随着新冠疫情的持续蔓延,可能还会有新的变种陆续出现。这表明,对病毒变异的基因监测也非常重要。只有这样,各大公司才尽可能有充足的时间,研发潜在的加强型疫苗和新的治疗方案。(财富中文网)

译者:Emily

世界卫生组织(World Health Organization)在需留意的新冠病毒变异株名单上又增加了一个新变种:Lambda变异毒株。

目前,该变种病毒已经扩散至20多个国家,其中大部分主要集中在南美洲。去年,秘鲁首次发现Lambda变种,而在过去两个月里,这种病毒感染了该国82%的新病例。与此同时,智利有大约三分之一的病例携带Lambda病毒株,而英国也是出现零星病例的国家之一。6月中,世界卫生组织首次将其列为值得留意的变异病毒株——这种变种病毒可能比原病毒株更易传播,已经在多个国家爆发疫情,或从理论上来看可能导致更严重的疾病,或更不易受现有治疗方式和疫苗干预。

不过,相较德尔塔等变种病毒,此刻想确定Lambda是否比其他病毒株更致命,或是否对疫苗和治疗方式产生耐药性,还为时过早。

变异株的传播性增强,并不代表一定有更强的致命性。根据以色列的新研究显示,以辉瑞(Pfizer)/BioNTech疫苗为例,对预防感染德尔塔变种病毒或轻症的效力可能只有64%,但在预防重症或需住院治疗方面,效用仍然达到90%以上。

公共卫生官员敦促需展开更多研究和追踪工作,以评估Lambda变异株的威胁程度。一项非常初步的研究发现,Lambda变异毒株的刺突蛋白(会附着人体细胞上的结构)的特定突变会增加感染性,并且能够躲过人体免疫系统的识别。尽管没有哪一种疫苗对所有病毒株完全有效,但扩大疫苗接种范围至关重要。

随着新冠疫情的持续蔓延,可能还会有新的变种陆续出现。这表明,对病毒变异的基因监测也非常重要。只有这样,各大公司才尽可能有充足的时间,研发潜在的加强型疫苗和新的治疗方案。(财富中文网)

译者:Emily

The World Health Organization (WHO) has added another COVID strain to its list of coronavirus variants to keep an eye on: the COVID-19 Lambda variant.

This particular variant has now spread to more than two dozen countries, with a heavy concentration in South America. Originally identified in Peru last year, the Lambda variant is responsible for 82% of new COVID cases in Peru over the past two months. About a third of cases in Chile over the same time frame were also caused by the Lambda strain, and the U.K. is among the countries that have seen a smattering of cases. In mid-June, it was first deemed a variant of interest by the WHO—a designation given to a variant which may be more transmissible than the original strain, has caused outbreaks in multiple countries, or theoretically could cause more severe COVID illness or be more adept at evading currently available treatments and vaccines.

At this point, as is the case with other variants such as the Delta variant, it’s too early to know whether the Lambda could be more deadly than other strains or whether it’s resistant to vaccines or treatments.

An increase in transmissibility doesn’t necessarily mean that a variant is more deadly. Take the case of Pfizer/BioNTech’s COVID vaccine, which may only be about 64% effective in preventing the Delta variant’s spread or minor COVID symptoms but is still more than 90% effective in preventing serious illness or hospitalization, according to new research out of Israel.

Public health officials are urging that more study and follow-up are needed to assess the nature of the Lambda variant’s threat. One very preliminary study finds that the specific mutations in the Lambda variant’s spike protein, the biological tool it uses to latch on to your cells, can increase both its infectiousness and help it evade your body’s immune system, making ongoing vaccination campaigns critical even if not every vaccine is completely effective against every coronavirus strain.

As COVID continues to spread, new variants will likely continue to emerge. It demonstrates the importance of genomic surveillance of COVID mutations so that companies have as much time as possible to prepare potential booster vaccines and new forms of coronavirus treatments.

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