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德尔塔毒株肆虐,欧洲人的夏日出游计划还能实现吗?

德尔塔毒株肆虐,欧洲人的夏日出游计划还能实现吗?

Ian Mount, David Meyer, Vivienne Walt 2021-07-07
德尔塔变异毒株导致的新冠肺炎确诊病例越来越多,致使欧洲各国政府担心出现新一波疫情。

柏林正在逐步进入盛夏时光:到公园和湖边晒太阳的人越来越多,各大餐馆客满盈门,人们去美发店再也不会出示新冠病毒核酸检测阴性证明了。柏林在6月27日甚至无新增新冠肺炎确诊病例。

6月底,欧洲多地终于迎来了令人愉快的夏天。法国在6月底报告29例新冠肺炎死亡病例,这是自去年9月以来死亡病例最少的一天,人们聚集在塞纳河畔,庆祝长达7个月的宵禁和封锁结束。西班牙取消了户外口罩令,马德里和巴塞罗那的街上和露台酒吧到处都是不戴口罩的人。6月26日晚上,意大利各地酒吧挤满了球迷,他们为参加欧洲杯(Euro Cup)的意大利足球队欢呼。

“人们都认为新冠疫情即将结束。”盛宝银行(Saxo Bank)的研究和战略主管克里斯托弗•德姆比克说。“大家都觉得,新冠疫情总算要过去了。”

尽管有明显向好消息,但欧洲旅游股在6月底开盘暴跌,高度传染性的新冠肺炎病毒德尔塔变异毒株(在印度首次发现,目前在英国快速蔓延)确诊病例越来越多,致使欧洲各国政府担心出现新一波疫情,而制定新的旅行限制可能会使欧洲夏季旅游旺季再遭重击。

德尔塔变异毒株的蔓延将产生重大影响。随着数月严格封锁结束,欧元区再次迎来重开,而开放边境对欧元区经济发展至关重要。人们对2021年期望很高,商店店主、酒店经营者和餐馆老板都在为夏季销售旺季做准备。

但德尔塔变异毒株给这一切蒙上了一层阴影,因为甚至一些完全接种疫苗的成年人也感染了德尔塔变异毒株。

“损失难以想象”

葡萄牙、德国、意大利和西班牙纷纷宣布收紧对英国游客的限制,在爱丁堡和曼彻斯特等城市,每10万人7天内新增病例数超400例,这些城市被列为欧盟“红色”区。

截至6月28日,从英国入境葡萄牙的未接种新冠疫苗的旅客须在入境之后接受为期14天的隔离检疫。6月29日,西班牙公布了新的规定,要求从英国入境的旅客须提供新冠病毒检测阴性证明或疫苗接种证明,英国不再被列入无旅行限制清单。德国对来自葡萄牙和俄罗斯的游客实施了新的更严格的防疫限制措施,并将其列入目前只包含英国的清单。

与此同时,意大利规定,从英国入境的所有游客须在抵达后接受五天隔离检疫,只有多次新冠病毒检测呈阴性,才能够离开。

意大利总理马里奥•德拉吉在欧盟边境政策上的态度特别强硬。这让意大利的酒店经营者忧心忡忡。

“来到这里的人必须接受一周或整个周末的隔离检疫,这令人难以置信。俄罗斯和英国市场对我们很重要,我们可能会面临失去它们,每个人都会遭受巨大的经济损失。”意大利艾米利亚-罗马涅地区酒店贸易集团负责人亚历山德罗•焦尔杰蒂在接受意大利日报《Corriere Romagna》采访时表示。

股市下跌,欧元也受到波及

新的限制令让投资者终日提心吊胆。6月28日,旅游和休闲类股票暴跌,STOXX 600旅游和休闲指数暴跌4.35%。在严重依赖旅游业的南欧国家中,意大利富时MIB指数(FTSE MIB)下跌1.1%,西班牙IBEX35指数下跌近2%。6月29日上午,西班牙旅游公司Amadeus、IAG和 Meliá酒店(Meliá Hotels)的股票再次下跌,跌幅约为2%。德国旅游运营商途易集团(TUI Group)的股票暴跌4%。

当然,欧元也受到波及,近几周跌幅超3%,外汇汇率大幅下跌。欧元区各国首都也未能幸免。

虽然现在是旅游旺季,但在热门旅游目的地,包括意大利马焦雷湖(Lake Maggiore)的伊索拉贝拉,游客依然相当稀少。图片来源:Stefano Guidi—Getty Images

经济和政治影响

为了遏制德尔塔变异毒株蔓延,欧洲各国政府愿意将旅游业——在南欧国家GDP占比超 12%——这样一个重要行业置于危险境地,表明他们认识到,无论在政治上还是经济上,他们都承受不起新冠病毒死灰复燃。

“2021 年恢复强劲增长及 2022 年基本恢复常态面临的唯一障碍仍然是变异毒株。”法国经济部部长布鲁诺•勒梅尔于6月29日上午在CNews上说。“德尔塔变异毒株是真正影响增长的唯一风险。”

勒梅尔在5月预测,2020年GDP暴跌8.2%,今年预计将增长5%。他仍然表示,尽管GDP预期增长5%,但依旧要看数百万法国民众的新冠疫苗接种比例。法国国家统计局(INSEE)估计,2020年春季实施的最严格封锁,致使政府每天花费近10亿欧元。

法国总统埃马纽埃尔•马克龙和德国总理安格拉•默克尔的继任者都将在明年面临全国大选,新冠疫情死灰复燃,加上新的封锁措施,可能会致使民调结果对他们不利。

“不重视德尔塔变异毒株大错特错。”巴伐利亚州的州长马库斯•索德尔在6月28日表示。他预计德尔塔变异毒株很快将会席卷德国。

目前感染率低

目前,欧洲感染率仍然很低。虽然柏林6月27日的零病例统计结果在一定程度上是源于德国周末报告疲软,但这也象征性地反映了当地现状。柏林新增病例数持续下降,每10万人7天内新增病例仅5.9例。

西班牙周末报告10例死亡病例,死亡比例为51.5:1。但感染率不断攀升,马略卡岛大规模学校毕业旅行此类超级传播事件导致西班牙各地1,100多人感染,5,000 多人隔离,政府和股市再次陷入恐慌,这里才刚刚解除近18个月的新冠病毒疫情防控措施,经济才刚刚开始复苏。

6月底,默克尔总理在可能是她在德国议会的最后一次致辞中——她将不再参加9月的联邦选举——敦促大家谨慎行事。她警告说,由于德尔塔变异毒株在全球快速蔓延,德国和欧盟各国“如履薄冰,我们必须时刻保持警惕。”(财富中文网)

助理报道:驻罗马记者伯恩哈德•华纳。

翻译:郝秀

审校:汪皓

柏林正在逐步进入盛夏时光:到公园和湖边晒太阳的人越来越多,各大餐馆客满盈门,人们去美发店再也不会出示新冠病毒核酸检测阴性证明了。柏林在6月27日甚至无新增新冠肺炎确诊病例。

6月底,欧洲多地终于迎来了令人愉快的夏天。法国在6月底报告29例新冠肺炎死亡病例,这是自去年9月以来死亡病例最少的一天,人们聚集在塞纳河畔,庆祝长达7个月的宵禁和封锁结束。西班牙取消了户外口罩令,马德里和巴塞罗那的街上和露台酒吧到处都是不戴口罩的人。6月26日晚上,意大利各地酒吧挤满了球迷,他们为参加欧洲杯(Euro Cup)的意大利足球队欢呼。

“人们都认为新冠疫情即将结束。”盛宝银行(Saxo Bank)的研究和战略主管克里斯托弗•德姆比克说。“大家都觉得,新冠疫情总算要过去了。”

尽管有明显向好消息,但欧洲旅游股在6月底开盘暴跌,高度传染性的新冠肺炎病毒德尔塔变异毒株(在印度首次发现,目前在英国快速蔓延)确诊病例越来越多,致使欧洲各国政府担心出现新一波疫情,而制定新的旅行限制可能会使欧洲夏季旅游旺季再遭重击。

德尔塔变异毒株的蔓延将产生重大影响。随着数月严格封锁结束,欧元区再次迎来重开,而开放边境对欧元区经济发展至关重要。人们对2021年期望很高,商店店主、酒店经营者和餐馆老板都在为夏季销售旺季做准备。

但德尔塔变异毒株给这一切蒙上了一层阴影,因为甚至一些完全接种疫苗的成年人也感染了德尔塔变异毒株。

“损失难以想象”

葡萄牙、德国、意大利和西班牙纷纷宣布收紧对英国游客的限制,在爱丁堡和曼彻斯特等城市,每10万人7天内新增病例数超400例,这些城市被列为欧盟“红色”区。

截至6月28日,从英国入境葡萄牙的未接种新冠疫苗的旅客须在入境之后接受为期14天的隔离检疫。6月29日,西班牙公布了新的规定,要求从英国入境的旅客须提供新冠病毒检测阴性证明或疫苗接种证明,英国不再被列入无旅行限制清单。德国对来自葡萄牙和俄罗斯的游客实施了新的更严格的防疫限制措施,并将其列入目前只包含英国的清单。

与此同时,意大利规定,从英国入境的所有游客须在抵达后接受五天隔离检疫,只有多次新冠病毒检测呈阴性,才能够离开。

意大利总理马里奥•德拉吉在欧盟边境政策上的态度特别强硬。这让意大利的酒店经营者忧心忡忡。

“来到这里的人必须接受一周或整个周末的隔离检疫,这令人难以置信。俄罗斯和英国市场对我们很重要,我们可能会面临失去它们,每个人都会遭受巨大的经济损失。”意大利艾米利亚-罗马涅地区酒店贸易集团负责人亚历山德罗•焦尔杰蒂在接受意大利日报《Corriere Romagna》采访时表示。

股市下跌,欧元也受到波及

新的限制令让投资者终日提心吊胆。6月28日,旅游和休闲类股票暴跌,STOXX 600旅游和休闲指数暴跌4.35%。在严重依赖旅游业的南欧国家中,意大利富时MIB指数(FTSE MIB)下跌1.1%,西班牙IBEX35指数下跌近2%。6月29日上午,西班牙旅游公司Amadeus、IAG和 Meliá酒店(Meliá Hotels)的股票再次下跌,跌幅约为2%。德国旅游运营商途易集团(TUI Group)的股票暴跌4%。

当然,欧元也受到波及,近几周跌幅超3%,外汇汇率大幅下跌。欧元区各国首都也未能幸免。

经济和政治影响

为了遏制德尔塔变异毒株蔓延,欧洲各国政府愿意将旅游业——在南欧国家GDP占比超 12%——这样一个重要行业置于危险境地,表明他们认识到,无论在政治上还是经济上,他们都承受不起新冠病毒死灰复燃。

“2021 年恢复强劲增长及 2022 年基本恢复常态面临的唯一障碍仍然是变异毒株。”法国经济部部长布鲁诺•勒梅尔于6月29日上午在CNews上说。“德尔塔变异毒株是真正影响增长的唯一风险。”

勒梅尔在5月预测,2020年GDP暴跌8.2%,今年预计将增长5%。他仍然表示,尽管GDP预期增长5%,但依旧要看数百万法国民众的新冠疫苗接种比例。法国国家统计局(INSEE)估计,2020年春季实施的最严格封锁,致使政府每天花费近10亿欧元。

法国总统埃马纽埃尔•马克龙和德国总理安格拉•默克尔的继任者都将在明年面临全国大选,新冠疫情死灰复燃,加上新的封锁措施,可能会致使民调结果对他们不利。

“不重视德尔塔变异毒株大错特错。”巴伐利亚州的州长马库斯•索德尔在6月28日表示。他预计德尔塔变异毒株很快将会席卷德国。

目前感染率低

目前,欧洲感染率仍然很低。虽然柏林6月27日的零病例统计结果在一定程度上是源于德国周末报告疲软,但这也象征性地反映了当地现状。柏林新增病例数持续下降,每10万人7天内新增病例仅5.9例。

西班牙周末报告10例死亡病例,死亡比例为51.5:1。但感染率不断攀升,马略卡岛大规模学校毕业旅行此类超级传播事件导致西班牙各地1,100多人感染,5,000 多人隔离,政府和股市再次陷入恐慌,这里才刚刚解除近18个月的新冠病毒疫情防控措施,经济才刚刚开始复苏。

6月底,默克尔总理在可能是她在德国议会的最后一次致辞中——她将不再参加9月的联邦选举——敦促大家谨慎行事。她警告说,由于德尔塔变异毒株在全球快速蔓延,德国和欧盟各国“如履薄冰,我们必须时刻保持警惕。”(财富中文网)

助理报道:驻罗马记者伯恩哈德•华纳。

翻译:郝秀

审校:汪皓

Summer in Berlin was shaping up to be glorious: People are soaking up the sun in parks and on lakeshores, restaurants are full again, and you no longer need to get a COVID test to visit the hairdresser. There were even no new cases recorded in the city on June 27.

Summer’s optimistic arrival was repeated across Europe at the end of June. People crowded along the banks of the Seine, celebrating the end of seven months of nighttime curfews and lockdown restrictions as France reported 29 deaths at the end of June, the lowest rate since September last year. In Spain, the sidewalks and terrace bars of Madrid and Barcelona filled with maskless residents as the country dropped its outdoor mask mandate. Across Italy, bars filled up on June 26 night as fans cheered on the Italian soccer team in the Euro Cup tournament.

“Everyone is buying this story that this is the end of the pandemic chapter,” says Christopher Dembik, director of research and strategy at Saxo Bank. “There’s a feeling that this is more or less over.”

But despite the apparent good news, European travel stocks crashed as the week began, with rising case numbers of the highly transmissible COVID-19 Delta variant (first found in India, and now widespread in the U.K.) leading European governments to worry aloud about a new disease wave—and to enact new travel restrictions that threaten to put the continent’s vital summer tourist season at risk.

There’s a lot on the line. Open borders are key to the eurozone’s economic fortunes as months of strict lockdown measures give way to yet another grand reopening. The 2021 version comes with even higher expectations as shop owners, hoteliers, and restaurateurs make plans for a big summer.

The Delta variant, which is even infecting some fully vaccinated adults, threatens to dash all that.

“Unthinkable damage”

Portugal, Germany, Italy, and Spain all announced enhanced restrictions, largely related to travelers from the U.K., where the seven-day case load per 100,000 inhabitants in cities like Edinburgh and Manchester surpassed 400, putting them well into the EU’s “red” zone.

As of June 28, unvaccinated U.K. travelers to Portugal will have to quarantine for two weeks. On June 29, Spain published new rules obliging people entering from the U.K. to provide a negative COVID test or proof of vaccination, reversing a previous plan that put the U.K. on an unrestricted travel list. And Germany placed tough new quarantine restrictions on travelers from Portugal and Russia, adding them to a list on which only the U.K. had appeared.

Italy, meanwhile, now mandates that all travelers entering the country from the U.K. go into quarantine upon arrival. They cannot exit isolation until five days have passed, and only after they’ve produced multiple negative COVID-19 tests.

Italian Prime Minister Mario Draghi has taken a particularly hard line on EU border policy. That has Italy’s hotel operators worried.

“It is unthinkable that one would come for a week or a long weekend having to undergo quarantine. The Russian and English markets are significant for us, and we risk losing them with more than significant economic damage for everyone,” Alessandro Giorgetti, head of the hotel trade group for Italy’s Emilia-Romagna region, told the Italian daily Corriere Romagna.

Stocks sink, euro slides

The new restrictions are making investors jumpy. Travel and leisure stocks crashed June 28, with the STOXX 600 travel and leisure index plunging 4.35%. In tourist-dependent southern Europe, Italy’s FTSE MIB dropped 1.1%, and Spain’s IBEX 35 fell almost 2%. On June 29 morning in Spain, travel firms Amadeus, IAG, and Meliá Hotels all fell again, down by some 2%. And German tour operator TUI Group tumbled 4% lower.

Not surprisingly, the euro is under pressure, too, down more than 3% in recent weeks, a big drop in foreign-exchange terms. And the pressure is being felt in national capitals across the bloc.

Economic and political fallout

The willingness of European governments to put at risk an industry as vital as the travel sector—which accounts for more than 12% of GDP in southern European countries—in order to curb the Delta variant is proof of their realization that they cannot afford a resurgence of the pandemic, either politically or economically.

“The sole obstacle remaining on the path to a very strong return to growth in 2021, and a return to total normality in 2022, is the risk of variants,” Bruno Le Maire, France’s economy minister, said on network CNews June 29 morning. “The Delta variant is the only real risk for growth.”

Le Maire predicted 5% growth this year in May, after a disastrous 8.2% drop in GDP in 2020, and said that while that was still expected, it depended heavily on millions of French people being vaccinated against COVID-19. In France, the statistics agency INSEE estimated that the strictest lockdown, imposed in spring 2020, cost the government about €1 billion a day.

Both French President Emmanuel Macron and Angela Merkel’s successor in Germany face national elections in the next year, and a resurgence of the pandemic, with new lockdowns, could well scuttle their chances at the polls.

“Ignoring the Delta variant would be a serious mistake,” warned Markus Söder, the state premier of Bavaria, on June 28. Söder said he expected the Delta variant to soon become dominant in Germany.

Low infection rates—for now

For now, infection rates in Europe remain low. While Berlin’s zero-case count on June 27 is partly a product of Germany’s weak weekend reporting, it is a symbolically powerful reflection of reality on the ground. The capital’s new-infection rate has continued to fall, and currently stands at a mere 5.9 cases per 100,000 inhabitants over the past seven days.

In Spain, which reported 10 deaths over the weekend, the rate is 51.5. But infection rates have been creeping up, and superspreader events like massive end-of-school parties in Mallorca, which resulted in over 1,100 infections and 5,000 people in quarantine across Spain, have struck fear into the governments—and stocks—of a continent only just recovering from almost 18 months of punishing antivirus measures.

At the end of June, Chancellor Angela Merkel used what was probably her final address to Germany’s parliament—she will step down at September’s federal election—to urge caution. Germany and the wider European Union are “skating on thin ice,” she warned, thanks to the Delta variant. “We must remain vigilant.”

With additional reporting from Bernhard Warner in Rome.

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