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远景集团:未来的主流能源是风能

远景集团:未来的主流能源是风能

巴益明(Eamon Barrett) 2021-07-04
《财富》杂志专访中国远景集团创始人张雷。

实现净零碳排放的环保竞赛正在重新定义世界的能源构成。

根据麦肯锡(McKinsey)的数据,到2050年,电力需求占全球能源需求的比例将从现在的19%上升至30%。与此同时,国际能源署(International Energy Agency)预计,由于可再生能源发电的成本将大幅下跌,低于化石燃料,未来十年可再生能源发电将占全球电力供应的80%。

对总部位于上海的远景科技集团而言,对清洁电力的需求激增可以说是一个福音,因为该集团主营风力涡轮机、工业电池和能源管理软件。但是,只要化石燃料仍然供应丰富、价格低廉,想要说服发展中经济体投资可再生能源便依旧充满挑战。

《财富》杂志采访了远景集团的创始人及首席执行官张雷,聊一聊这家绿色能源集团是如何说服新客户尽早开启可再生能源转型的。

为简明起见,下述问答经过编辑。

《财富》:大多数批评人士、甚至一些可再生能源的支持者都认为,风力发电由于其间歇性,无法满足电网运行所需的最低基本负载。你认为风力涡轮机未来在可再生能源系统中将扮演什么角色?

张雷:在我看来,风能将成为主流能源。对每一种主流能源而言,无论是煤、石油还是核能,经济效益总是推动市场使用的最重要因素。风能的成本每年都在以大约10%到15%的速率下降。去年,中国的风力涡轮机价格下跌了近40%。所以风能的经济优势非常明显。

但是,我们需要灵活安排能源需求,匹配能源供应。今天的技术对风场类型的预测可以达到每天98%、每周几乎80%的准确率。因此,我们能够通过电力存储或加入氢能发电作为电网的基础层,为电网增加灵活性,平滑间歇性功率波动。

对于以化石燃料为基础的经济体来说,重新部署可再生能源电网昂贵又复杂。你怎么说服他们投资?

未来需要对可再生能源系统进行统筹管理。你既需要先进的硬件知识,也需要先进的软件知识,还需要一个先进的市场机制来实现电力的实时调度。

远景尝试提供所有这些必需元素。我们不只生产风机。我们还做电池、储能、氢能,以及名为远景Arc(Envision Arc)的人工智能协同管理监控系统。它可以测量一个公司在范围1和范围2的碳排放[即该公司在自身运营和电力购买中的排放],进行模式分析,以最大限度地提高能源效率。

远景要在2022年实现自身运营的碳中和。你打算怎么做?

Arc是第一步。至于剩余的排放,我们使用自己的技术在工厂周围建立分布式风能和太阳能发电厂,打造绿色微型电网。然后,对于剩下的碳排放,我们能够使用其他业务创造的绿色能源来抵消。

但我认为,碳抵销应该是碳减排过程中的最后手段。

远景还承诺2028年前在整个产业价值链上(范围三排放)实现碳中和。你们如何说服你们的制造商减少碳排放?

目前,远景正在中国国内那些因为暴露在风吹日晒中而未能充分开发的地区建设净零工业园区。现在,我们意识到这些地区拥有丰富的可再生能源。

因此,我们会告诉合作伙伴,减少碳排放的成本将在未来几年逐渐上升,对他们来说,继续留在目前的(化石能源)工业园区将失去竞争力。最好的办法是和我们一起,去我们新的净零工业园区,在那里现在立刻可以享受便宜的能源成本,从长远来看,能够避免碳风险。

这听起来像是强行推销。对任何一家公司来说,离开现有办公场所,搬到新的园区,远离现在的供应商、客户和基础设施生态系统,将会产生很多额外成本。

能源转型并不容易。需要付出很多努力。但我们坚信,这些相对不发达的地区拥有最宝贵的资源,那就是可再生能源。如果我们想实现净零排放,就必须与合作伙伴一起努力,我们会帮助他们实现转型,不管这过程有多艰难。(财富中文网)

译者:Agatha

实现净零碳排放的环保竞赛正在重新定义世界的能源构成。

根据麦肯锡(McKinsey)的数据,到2050年,电力需求占全球能源需求的比例将从现在的19%上升至30%。与此同时,国际能源署(International Energy Agency)预计,由于可再生能源发电的成本将大幅下跌,低于化石燃料,未来十年可再生能源发电将占全球电力供应的80%。

对总部位于上海的远景科技集团而言,对清洁电力的需求激增可以说是一个福音,因为该集团主营风力涡轮机、工业电池和能源管理软件。但是,只要化石燃料仍然供应丰富、价格低廉,想要说服发展中经济体投资可再生能源便依旧充满挑战。

《财富》杂志采访了远景集团的创始人及首席执行官张雷,聊一聊这家绿色能源集团是如何说服新客户尽早开启可再生能源转型的。

为简明起见,下述问答经过编辑。

《财富》:大多数批评人士、甚至一些可再生能源的支持者都认为,风力发电由于其间歇性,无法满足电网运行所需的最低基本负载。你认为风力涡轮机未来在可再生能源系统中将扮演什么角色?

张雷:在我看来,风能将成为主流能源。对每一种主流能源而言,无论是煤、石油还是核能,经济效益总是推动市场使用的最重要因素。风能的成本每年都在以大约10%到15%的速率下降。去年,中国的风力涡轮机价格下跌了近40%。所以风能的经济优势非常明显。

但是,我们需要灵活安排能源需求,匹配能源供应。今天的技术对风场类型的预测可以达到每天98%、每周几乎80%的准确率。因此,我们能够通过电力存储或加入氢能发电作为电网的基础层,为电网增加灵活性,平滑间歇性功率波动。

对于以化石燃料为基础的经济体来说,重新部署可再生能源电网昂贵又复杂。你怎么说服他们投资?

未来需要对可再生能源系统进行统筹管理。你既需要先进的硬件知识,也需要先进的软件知识,还需要一个先进的市场机制来实现电力的实时调度。

远景尝试提供所有这些必需元素。我们不只生产风机。我们还做电池、储能、氢能,以及名为远景Arc(Envision Arc)的人工智能协同管理监控系统。它可以测量一个公司在范围1和范围2的碳排放[即该公司在自身运营和电力购买中的排放],进行模式分析,以最大限度地提高能源效率。

远景要在2022年实现自身运营的碳中和。你打算怎么做?

Arc是第一步。至于剩余的排放,我们使用自己的技术在工厂周围建立分布式风能和太阳能发电厂,打造绿色微型电网。然后,对于剩下的碳排放,我们能够使用其他业务创造的绿色能源来抵消。

但我认为,碳抵销应该是碳减排过程中的最后手段。

远景还承诺2028年前在整个产业价值链上(范围三排放)实现碳中和。你们如何说服你们的制造商减少碳排放?

目前,远景正在中国国内那些因为暴露在风吹日晒中而未能充分开发的地区建设净零工业园区。现在,我们意识到这些地区拥有丰富的可再生能源。

因此,我们会告诉合作伙伴,减少碳排放的成本将在未来几年逐渐上升,对他们来说,继续留在目前的(化石能源)工业园区将失去竞争力。最好的办法是和我们一起,去我们新的净零工业园区,在那里现在立刻可以享受便宜的能源成本,从长远来看,能够避免碳风险。

这听起来像是强行推销。对任何一家公司来说,离开现有办公场所,搬到新的园区,远离现在的供应商、客户和基础设施生态系统,将会产生很多额外成本。

能源转型并不容易。需要付出很多努力。但我们坚信,这些相对不发达的地区拥有最宝贵的资源,那就是可再生能源。如果我们想实现净零排放,就必须与合作伙伴一起努力,我们会帮助他们实现转型,不管这过程有多艰难。(财富中文网)

译者:Agatha

The race to achieve net-zero carbon emissions is redefining the world’s energy makeup.

According to McKinsey, electricity demand will account for 30% of global energy needs by 2050—up from 19% today. Meanwhile the International Energy Agency (IEA) expects renewables to generate 80% of global electricity supply within the next decade, as the cost of renewable generation plummets below that of fossil fuels.

That surging demand for clean electricity could be a boon for companies like Shanghai-based Envision Group, which manufactures wind turbines, industrial batteries, and energy management software. But, so long as fossil fuels remain plentiful and cheap, persuading developing economies to invest in renewable energy remains a challenge.

Fortune sat down with Envision founder and CEO Lei Zhang to discuss how the green-energy group persuades new clients to join the renewable energy transition early.

This Q&A has been edited for length and clarity.

Fortune: Most critics—and even some proponents of renewable energy—say that wind power is too intermittent to provide the minimum baseload power grids require to operate. What future do you think wind turbines have in renewable energy systems?

Lei Zhang: I believe wind energy is going to be a mainstream source of energy. Every time an energy source becomes mainstream—like coal, oil, nuclear—the economics of it has always been the most important factor driving its adoption. And if you look at the wind energy costs, they keep declining every year—around 10% to 15%. Last year, the wind turbine price in China dropped almost 40%. So the economic advantage of wind energy is very powerful.

But we need to make our energy demand flexible and responsive to energy supply. Today, technology for forecasting wind patterns can reach 98% accuracy for daily predictions and almost 80% accuracy for a week. So we can build flexibility into the grid, through storage or introducing base layers like hydrogen, to smooth intermittency.

It’s costly and complicated for economies that are built on fossil fuel systems to deploy renewable energy grids. How do you persuade them to make the investment?

In the future, the renewable energy system is going to require a very holistic approach. You need advanced hardware knowledge; you need advanced software knowledge; and you need to be supported by an advanced market mechanism that can facilitate the real-time dispatch of electricity.

Envision is trying to provide all of that. We don’t just do wind turbines. We provide batteries, energy storage, hydrogen power, and an A.I.-driven monitoring system to harmonize operations, called Envision Arc. It measures a company’s carbon emissions across scope 1 and scope 2 [that’s emissions in the company’s own operations and power purchases] and analyzes patterns to maximize energy efficiency.

Envision aims to be carbon neutral in its own operations by 2022. How are you going to do that?

Arc is the first step. For the rest of our emissions, we use our own technology to develop distributed wind and solar farms around our factories to create a green mini-grid. Then, for the remainder of carbon emissions, we can use green energy created by our other operations to create offsets.

But I think carbon offsets should be the last resort for reducing carbon emissions.

Envision has also pledged to be carbon neutral across its whole value chain—that’s scope 3 emissions—by 2028. How can you persuade your manufacturers to decarbonize as well?

In China, currently, Envision is building net-zero industrial parks in areas that—due to exposure to wind and sun—were previously underdeveloped. But now, we’ve realized these areas are rich in renewable energy resources.

So we tell our partners that the cost of reducing carbon emissions will mount over the next few years and that it won’t be competitive for them to remain in the same [fossil fuel–powered] industrial parks they are in now. We say it’s better to come with us, to our new net-zero industrial parks, where you can immediately enjoy the cheap energy costs now and, in the long run, avoid these carbon risks.

That sounds like a hard sell. There will be a lot of added costs for companies to leave their current locations and move to new parks, farther away from their current ecosystem of suppliers, customers, and infrastructure.

The energy transition is not easy. It needs lots of hard work. But we strongly believe that these relatively underdeveloped regions have the most precious resource, which is renewable energy. And if we want to achieve net zero we have to go with our partners, and we will help them transition, no matter how tough it is.

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