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航空业复苏在即,空客公司为何面临挑战?

航空业复苏在即,空客公司为何面临挑战?

Christiaan Hetzner 2021-05-31
随着全球逐渐走出长达一年多的疫情阴霾,为满足工厂和市场需求,各类制造商正在拼命抢购原材料。

5月27日,欧洲的航空航天巨头空客公司(Airbus)敦促供应商应该立即着手为新机器和员工投入资源。由于航空业的前置作业时间较长,该公司担心供应商没有为后疫情时代的行业复苏做好准备。

“航空业正在开始从新冠疫情中复苏。”空客的首席执行官纪尧姆•傅里在一份声明中表示。他还补充说,供应商“应该在市场条件成熟时做好充分准备”。

随着全球逐渐走出长达一年多的疫情阴霾,为满足工厂和市场需求,各类制造商正在拼命抢购原材料。目前,由于半导体的严重短缺,汽车公司暂停了装配工作,钢铁制造商则为激增的铁矿石成本伤透脑筋;因为缺乏可负担的替代品,建筑公司正在考虑使用带虫害瑕疵的木材。

为了防止航空业遭遇类似瓶颈,空客对自此之后到2025年的生产率做出了展望。此举很重要,因为空客可能需要相当长的时间来应对供应链受阻问题。由于需要获得航空监管机构认证并符合严格的安全标准,转换新零部件制造商是一个复杂的过程。

傅里在4月告诉股东,去年的平均产量被削减了40%。他还发出了预警:“生产率将在较长时间内维持较低水平。”此外,他提到新冠疫情带来了持续阻力。不过,部分不利因素正在消退。

空客的股票在5月27日的交易中大涨8.5%,而这也同时提振了同行的士气:英国喷气式发动机制造商罗尔斯•罗伊斯公司(Rolls-Royce)的股价上涨了2.2%,德国蓝筹股供应商MTU航空发动机公司(MTU Aero Engines)的股价在盘中上涨了3.5%。

空客今年交付的飞机数量超过了波音(Boeing),证明该公司在供应链和制造网络方面的实力不俗。然而在赢得新业务方面,它的美国竞争对手却更胜一筹。截至2021年前四个月,波音获得了307份新的总订单(不计被取消的订单)。由于欧洲的疫苗推广进度落后于北美,空客收到的新订单为87份。

旅游业在去年估计损失了4.5万亿美元,目前欧洲正在着手开放边界,促进欧盟内部旅行。

全球航空业机构国际航空运输协会(IATA)称,世界各国需要靠取消隔离和推出疫苗护照来取得更大的进展。“航空业已经准备就绪,但我看政府的行动还不够快。”国际航空运输协会的总干事威利•沃尔什表示。

不幸的是,许多制造商的供应链正在面临前所未有的延误难题,增产也因此受限。IHS Markit在两周前估算,新订单的增长速度已经超过产能,是过去23年来的采购经理调查里增速最快的一次。

部分供应商将受惠

空客的幸运之处在于,国内或区域性航班流量预计将最先出现反弹,而这些航班通常会使用单通道飞机。空客称,这部分的民用飞机市场最早可能在2023年恢复到疫情前的水平。

这家航空集团正在敦促供应商为大幅提升产量做好准备——尤其是A320系列。该机型是空客的主要业务,在去年交付的566架飞机和7000多架的强劲订单中,约占80%。

这部分产能预计将从今年最后一个季度的每月45架,增至2023年第二季度的64架——空客称之为“稳定增长率”。该公司还希望供应商做好准备,在2024年年初每月生产70架,次年再增加到每月75架。不过,计划的时间越靠后,不确定性越大。

相比之下,市场对双通道大型宽体飞机的需求可能到2025年才能够完全恢复。因此空客在生产指南里谨慎地提到,目前A350的月产量为5架,到2022年秋季计划增加到6架。

新版生产指南可能会为雷神技术公司(Raytheon Technologies)旗下生产喷气式发动机的子公司普惠(Pratt & Whitney)带来更多生意——后者为A320系列生产发动机。相比之下,英国罗尔斯•罗伊斯公司只为机型较大的A330和A350宽体飞机提供推进系统,因此业务前景仍然低迷。

“这对航空业来说,当然释出了积极的信号。”普惠公司的供应商MTU航空发动机公司向《财富》杂志发出声明称。“考虑到必要的前置作业时间,MTU会灵活生产,以保证达到商定的产能。对下游的供应商也一样,我们不期望遇到任何障碍。”

由于长途飞行还存在不确定性,空客正在拓宽A320系列,包括生产单通道机型A321 XLR,这种飞机可以服务跨大西洋航线,比如从德国法兰克福飞到纽约市。

对航空公司来说,运营这种机型会更经济。由于尺寸较小,航空公司更容易实现较高的载客率——这是衡量利润率的一项标准——同时还能够减少燃料费。

虽然A321 XLR要到2023年才可以推出,但空客已经收到了420多份订单。(财富中文网)

译者:Emily

5月27日,欧洲的航空航天巨头空客公司(Airbus)敦促供应商应该立即着手为新机器和员工投入资源。由于航空业的前置作业时间较长,该公司担心供应商没有为后疫情时代的行业复苏做好准备。

“航空业正在开始从新冠疫情中复苏。”空客的首席执行官纪尧姆•傅里在一份声明中表示。他还补充说,供应商“应该在市场条件成熟时做好充分准备”。

随着全球逐渐走出长达一年多的疫情阴霾,为满足工厂和市场需求,各类制造商正在拼命抢购原材料。目前,由于半导体的严重短缺,汽车公司暂停了装配工作,钢铁制造商则为激增的铁矿石成本伤透脑筋;因为缺乏可负担的替代品,建筑公司正在考虑使用带虫害瑕疵的木材。

为了防止航空业遭遇类似瓶颈,空客对自此之后到2025年的生产率做出了展望。此举很重要,因为空客可能需要相当长的时间来应对供应链受阻问题。由于需要获得航空监管机构认证并符合严格的安全标准,转换新零部件制造商是一个复杂的过程。

傅里在4月告诉股东,去年的平均产量被削减了40%。他还发出了预警:“生产率将在较长时间内维持较低水平。”此外,他提到新冠疫情带来了持续阻力。不过,部分不利因素正在消退。

空客的股票在5月27日的交易中大涨8.5%,而这也同时提振了同行的士气:英国喷气式发动机制造商罗尔斯•罗伊斯公司(Rolls-Royce)的股价上涨了2.2%,德国蓝筹股供应商MTU航空发动机公司(MTU Aero Engines)的股价在盘中上涨了3.5%。

空客今年交付的飞机数量超过了波音(Boeing),证明该公司在供应链和制造网络方面的实力不俗。然而在赢得新业务方面,它的美国竞争对手却更胜一筹。截至2021年前四个月,波音获得了307份新的总订单(不计被取消的订单)。由于欧洲的疫苗推广进度落后于北美,空客收到的新订单为87份。

旅游业在去年估计损失了4.5万亿美元,目前欧洲正在着手开放边界,促进欧盟内部旅行。

全球航空业机构国际航空运输协会(IATA)称,世界各国需要靠取消隔离和推出疫苗护照来取得更大的进展。“航空业已经准备就绪,但我看政府的行动还不够快。”国际航空运输协会的总干事威利•沃尔什表示。

不幸的是,许多制造商的供应链正在面临前所未有的延误难题,增产也因此受限。IHS Markit在两周前估算,新订单的增长速度已经超过产能,是过去23年来的采购经理调查里增速最快的一次。

部分供应商将受惠

空客的幸运之处在于,国内或区域性航班流量预计将最先出现反弹,而这些航班通常会使用单通道飞机。空客称,这部分的民用飞机市场最早可能在2023年恢复到疫情前的水平。

这家航空集团正在敦促供应商为大幅提升产量做好准备——尤其是A320系列。该机型是空客的主要业务,在去年交付的566架飞机和7000多架的强劲订单中,约占80%。

这部分产能预计将从今年最后一个季度的每月45架,增至2023年第二季度的64架——空客称之为“稳定增长率”。该公司还希望供应商做好准备,在2024年年初每月生产70架,次年再增加到每月75架。不过,计划的时间越靠后,不确定性越大。

相比之下,市场对双通道大型宽体飞机的需求可能到2025年才能够完全恢复。因此空客在生产指南里谨慎地提到,目前A350的月产量为5架,到2022年秋季计划增加到6架。

新版生产指南可能会为雷神技术公司(Raytheon Technologies)旗下生产喷气式发动机的子公司普惠(Pratt & Whitney)带来更多生意——后者为A320系列生产发动机。相比之下,英国罗尔斯•罗伊斯公司只为机型较大的A330和A350宽体飞机提供推进系统,因此业务前景仍然低迷。

“这对航空业来说,当然释出了积极的信号。”普惠公司的供应商MTU航空发动机公司向《财富》杂志发出声明称。“考虑到必要的前置作业时间,MTU会灵活生产,以保证达到商定的产能。对下游的供应商也一样,我们不期望遇到任何障碍。”

由于长途飞行还存在不确定性,空客正在拓宽A320系列,包括生产单通道机型A321 XLR,这种飞机可以服务跨大西洋航线,比如从德国法兰克福飞到纽约市。

对航空公司来说,运营这种机型会更经济。由于尺寸较小,航空公司更容易实现较高的载客率——这是衡量利润率的一项标准——同时还能够减少燃料费。

虽然A321 XLR要到2023年才可以推出,但空客已经收到了420多份订单。(财富中文网)

译者:Emily

Fearful suppliers are not prepared for a post-COVID rebound, European aerospace giant Airbus warned on May 27, urging suppliers to begin planning investments in new machinery and staff right away due to the industry’s long lead times.

“The aviation sector is beginning to recover from the COVID-19 crisis,” Airbus chief executive Guillaume Faury said in a statement, adding that suppliers need to “be ready when market conditions call for it.”

With the world gradually emerging from a year-long pandemic, manufacturers are scrambling to secure raw materials to feed their factories and meet demand. As things stand, car companies are halting assembly lines due to an acute shortage of semiconductors, steelmakers are stung by a surge in iron ore costs and construction firms are considering using lumber scarred by pest infestation for the lack of affordable alternatives.

To prevent the same kind of bottlenecks from constraining its operations, Airbus has projected its likely future production rates all the way out to 2025. This is important as it can take considerable time for Airbus to cope with supply chain failures. Switching to a new parts maker is an elaborate process due to the sheer scale of safety standards that need to be met and certified by aviation regulators.

At April, Faury told shareholders that he ordered output to be slashed by 40% on average last year. “Production rates will remain lower for longer,” he warned at the time, citing continued headwinds from the pandemic. But at least some of the those headwinds are falling away.

Shares in Airbus surged 8.5% in trading on May 27, lifting peers in the process. UK jet turbine manufacturer Rolls-Royce rose 2.2%, while German blue chip supplier MTU Aero Engines gained 3.5% during the session.

Airbus has delivered more planes this year than Boeing, a testament to the strength of its supply chain and manufacturing network. The U.S. rival has, however, cleaned up when it comes to winning new business. Boeing booked 307 new gross orders excluding cancellations to Airbus’ 87 through the first four months of 2021 as Europe's vaccine rollout lagged North America's.

With the tourism sector losing an estimated $4.5 trillion last year, Europe is now moving to open up its borders and facilitate travel internally as well.

Global aviation industry body IATA warned authorities worldwide needed to make even greater strides by eliminating quarantines and rolling out COVID vaccine passports. "Aviation is ready. But I don’t see governments moving fast enough,” said IATA Director General Willie Walsh said.

Unfortunately for many manufacturers, growth is being held up by record supply chain delays. IHS Markit estimated two weeks ago week that new orders were running ahead of production at the highest rate in the 23-year history of its purchasing manager survey.

Some suppliers to benefit

Luckily for Airbus, single-aisle planes typically used for domestic or regional flights, is where traffic is expected to rebound earliest. The market for civilian aircraft in this segment could return to pre-pandemic levels as early as 2023, according to Airbus.

The aerospace group is urging suppliers to be ready for a sharp ramp up of production — particularly in the A320 family. This model represents the bulk of its business, responsible for around 80% of both its 566 aircraft deliveries last year as well as its 7,000-strong order book for planes.

In this segment, output is expected to grow from 45 planes per month in the final quarter of this year to what Airbus calls a “firm rate” of 64 by the second quarter of 2023. The firm also wants suppliers to be prepared for a pace of 70 per month at the start of 2024, rising to as much as 75 by the following year, although there is more uncertainty around these estimates the further out they go.

By comparison, demand for large widebody aircraft with twin-aisles may not fully recover until 2025. As a result, Airbus only guided for a cautious increase in A350 monthly output to 6 planes in autumn 2022 from 5 currently.

The updated production guidance could mean greater business for Raytheon Technologies’ jet engine subsidiary Pratt & Whitney, which supplies the A320 family. By comparison U.K. peer Rolls-Royce only delivers propulsion systems for the larger A330 and A350 widebodies, where the outlook remains subdued.

“This is certainly a positive signal for the aerospace industry,” said Pratt & Whitney supplier MTU Aero Engines in a statement to Fortune. “Given the requisite lead times, we can achieve the corresponding volumes agreed due to the flexibility in our production at MTU. This is equally true for our own suppliers downstream, where we do not expect any bottlenecks.”

Due to the uncertainty surrounding long-distance flights, Airbus is expanding its A320 family to include the single-aisle A321 XLR, which will be able to service transatlantic routes such as from Frankfurt in Germany, to New York City.

These are expected to be more economical for airlines to operate. Thanks to their smaller size, carriers can easily achieve higher passenger load factors, a measure of capacity utilization that determines profitability, while simultaneously cutting their fuel bill.

Although the A321 XLR won’t launch until 2023, the company has already received more than 420 orders for the aircraft.

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