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夺冠机会渺茫,美国富商为何依旧扎堆购买意甲球队

夺冠机会渺茫,美国富商为何依旧扎堆购买意甲球队

Eric J. Lyman 2021-03-10
财大气粗的美国人进军意甲,带着想要改变意大利国民运动现状的计划和方案。

有线电视巨头竞立媒体(Mediacom)的创始人、亿万富翁罗科·康米索去年一头撞上了意大利闻名全球的官僚体系。

这位现年71岁的意大利裔美国人在2019年斥资1.7亿欧元收购了意甲联赛佛罗伦萨俱乐部的控股权。对于这支上次夺冠还是在1969年(在布朗克斯长大的康米索那时还在哥伦比亚大学念书)的球队,他有一个宏大的计划。他说他愿意在工资和球员发展上花钱,但计划的核心是在托斯卡纳首府佛罗伦萨建一个更大、更现代化的主场体育场。

“我希望我们的球迷可以舒舒服服地看比赛,不用受到恶劣天气的影响。”他当时这样解释这项计划,“但我们也希望新球场能够提高收入。尤文图斯一年的收入为5亿欧元,我们却只有1亿欧元。这样可没有竞争力。”

意大利的文化遗产部却带着一条“叫停”的信息介入进来,因为这条信息,康米索甚至威胁要彻底退出(截至本周,还没有退)。原来,这座有43000个座位、建于1931年法西斯时代的阿特米奥·弗兰奇体育场(Artemio Franchi Stadium)是一座地标建筑。尽管这座城市拥有始建于1296年的哥特式大教堂(Duomo)、意大利顶级艺术博物馆乌菲齐(Uffizi)和文艺复兴时期的维奇奥桥(Ponte Vecchio),这座体育场仍然被认为是当地最重要的建筑瑰宝之一。

美国人来了

欢迎来到意大利,这个国家的繁文缛节可是和它的美景与文化齐名。尽管国内职业足球队的老板们面临这样或那样的挑战,财大气粗的美国人还是源源不断地涌向这门生意,带着想要改变意大利国民运动现状的计划和方案。

上个月,金融家罗伯特·普拉特克成为第五位掌管意甲20支球队之一的美国人。据报道,他以2500万欧元的价格买下了最近才升入意甲的斯佩齐亚。

除了佛罗伦萨和斯佩齐亚,美国人还掌管着帕尔马(投资者凯尔·克劳斯)、罗马(商人兼电影导演丹·弗里德金)和AC米兰(对冲基金之王保罗·辛格,通过埃利奥特管理公司)。还有一家俱乐部博洛尼亚由加拿大亿万富翁乔伊·萨普托控制。

单纯从竞争力的角度来看,投资AC米兰还算合理:它是意甲“三巨头”之一。尤文图斯、国际米兰和AC米兰赢得了意甲联赛最近29个冠军中的27个,这种拥有达尔文式优势的球队可能会让球迷们花高价在球场上畅饮啤酒。

那么其他的圈外亿万富翁投资者呢?

“我一直在问自己这个问题:这对他们有什么好处?为什么要拥有一支几乎毫无夺冠可能的球队?”《真正的足球老板》(I Veri Padroni del Calcio)一书的作者马克·贝利纳佐向《财富》杂志表示。

“意大利和美国不同,在美国,只要有好的选秀权、做些精明的交易、再来点好运气,几乎任何球队都可能会赢。”他说,“而无论斯佩齐亚的老板用什么招数,这支球队都很难在意甲赢得很多比赛。”

斯佩齐亚去年才首次跻身意甲。(在大多数欧洲联赛中,排名垫底的三支球队会被降级,低级别球队中排名前三可以升级)。从上周末的比赛来看,斯佩齐亚和佛罗伦萨的成绩相差不大,都排在联赛的14到16名。或者,换句话说,再踢几场臭球就等着降级了。这在意大利足球界,关乎的不仅仅是荣誉,还有利润。

假球丑闻

在意大利,足球被称为“calcio”,腐败对足球界来说可不陌生。

2006年,“电话门”假球丑闻让意大利足球陷入瘫痪。丑闻始于被窃听的通话揭露了包括尤文图斯在内的多家俱乐部高层与裁判机构勾结,寻找愿意合作的裁判主持重要赛事。作为惩罚,尤文图斯被降至乙级,还被褫夺了上个赛季的冠军头衔。五年后,丑闻卷土重来。一项新调查发现,2011至2012赛季,球员们故意放水输掉比赛。对心大的意甲球迷来说,这些事只会让他们更加相信,只有在场下最有实力和最有影响力的球队才能够在场上取胜。

没有比尤文图斯、国际米兰和AC米兰更有影响力的俱乐部了。三巨头之所以可以统治意甲,因为这是一个满是穷队的联盟。除了两三个例外,意甲的其他球队既没有球场、知名度和电视转播,也没有愿意买周边的球迷基础,毫无竞争力。

新冠疫情在某种程度上起到了平衡作用。由于防疫限制措施,今年比赛日的收入差异不太明显。竞争因此稍微公平了一点,因为在正常情况下,斯佩齐亚能够容纳1万人的皮科体育场(Picco Stadium)和米兰8万人的圣西罗(San Siro)体育场之间存在巨大差距。事实上,Picco是意大利单词“piccolo”的前两个音节,这个词的意思就是“小”。

另外,同样不可以指望除了本地人,会有其他人排队抢购斯佩齐亚的红白队服。

“只要斯佩齐亚还在意甲,他们就不赔不赚,因为电视转播权收入刚好和普拉特克的投入相当。”贝里纳佐说,“但这可能是最好的情况。如果球队重回乙级联赛,那就再见了您嘞!”

2021年1月3日,阿尔贝托·皮科体育场是意甲最小的场馆之一,仅可容纳约1万人,和美国高中的体育场差不多。图片来源:Giorgio Perottino—Getty Images

长期为《世界足球》(World Soccer)撰稿、著有《意大利力量:意大利足球的兴衰》(Forza Italia: the Fall and Rise of Italian Football)的帕迪·阿格纽说,美国人的兴趣或许反映出意大利足球的衰落。

“当我在30年前搬到意大利时,著名的意大利足球裁判皮耶路易吉·科利纳几乎无法为欧洲冠军联赛任何一场比赛判罚,因为竞技双方总有一支意大利队。”阿格纽在一次采访中说,原因是人们不能为本国球队担任裁判。“上世纪八九十年代,意大利足球就像足球界的好莱坞,但现在它顶多只能够排在欧洲第四位,前面还有英国、西班牙和德国。”

这种退步可以归结为电视转播管理不善和意大利经济的全面衰退,这些因素共同作用,推低了球队的价值。罗马《共和报》(La Repubblica)的足球记者恩里科·库罗认为,美国老板之所以愿意买入球队,部分原因可能是想以低价获得拥有一支欧洲前顶级联赛球队的派头。

库罗告诉《财富》杂志:“普拉特克给斯佩齐亚花的钱,在英国可能连一支排在乙级联赛前一半的球队都买不到。”

“在意大利,拥有一支像斯佩齐亚这样的球队并不能够代表什么。但也许在国际上,说你有一支意甲球队则可以带来一些价值。”(财富中文网)

译者:Agatha

有线电视巨头竞立媒体(Mediacom)的创始人、亿万富翁罗科·康米索去年一头撞上了意大利闻名全球的官僚体系。

这位现年71岁的意大利裔美国人在2019年斥资1.7亿欧元收购了意甲联赛佛罗伦萨俱乐部的控股权。对于这支上次夺冠还是在1969年(在布朗克斯长大的康米索那时还在哥伦比亚大学念书)的球队,他有一个宏大的计划。他说他愿意在工资和球员发展上花钱,但计划的核心是在托斯卡纳首府佛罗伦萨建一个更大、更现代化的主场体育场。

“我希望我们的球迷可以舒舒服服地看比赛,不用受到恶劣天气的影响。”他当时这样解释这项计划,“但我们也希望新球场能够提高收入。尤文图斯一年的收入为5亿欧元,我们却只有1亿欧元。这样可没有竞争力。”

意大利的文化遗产部却带着一条“叫停”的信息介入进来,因为这条信息,康米索甚至威胁要彻底退出(截至本周,还没有退)。原来,这座有43000个座位、建于1931年法西斯时代的阿特米奥·弗兰奇体育场(Artemio Franchi Stadium)是一座地标建筑。尽管这座城市拥有始建于1296年的哥特式大教堂(Duomo)、意大利顶级艺术博物馆乌菲齐(Uffizi)和文艺复兴时期的维奇奥桥(Ponte Vecchio),这座体育场仍然被认为是当地最重要的建筑瑰宝之一。

美国人来了

欢迎来到意大利,这个国家的繁文缛节可是和它的美景与文化齐名。尽管国内职业足球队的老板们面临这样或那样的挑战,财大气粗的美国人还是源源不断地涌向这门生意,带着想要改变意大利国民运动现状的计划和方案。

上个月,金融家罗伯特·普拉特克成为第五位掌管意甲20支球队之一的美国人。据报道,他以2500万欧元的价格买下了最近才升入意甲的斯佩齐亚。

除了佛罗伦萨和斯佩齐亚,美国人还掌管着帕尔马(投资者凯尔·克劳斯)、罗马(商人兼电影导演丹·弗里德金)和AC米兰(对冲基金之王保罗·辛格,通过埃利奥特管理公司)。还有一家俱乐部博洛尼亚由加拿大亿万富翁乔伊·萨普托控制。

单纯从竞争力的角度来看,投资AC米兰还算合理:它是意甲“三巨头”之一。尤文图斯、国际米兰和AC米兰赢得了意甲联赛最近29个冠军中的27个,这种拥有达尔文式优势的球队可能会让球迷们花高价在球场上畅饮啤酒。

那么其他的圈外亿万富翁投资者呢?

“我一直在问自己这个问题:这对他们有什么好处?为什么要拥有一支几乎毫无夺冠可能的球队?”《真正的足球老板》(I Veri Padroni del Calcio)一书的作者马克·贝利纳佐向《财富》杂志表示。

“意大利和美国不同,在美国,只要有好的选秀权、做些精明的交易、再来点好运气,几乎任何球队都可能会赢。”他说,“而无论斯佩齐亚的老板用什么招数,这支球队都很难在意甲赢得很多比赛。”

斯佩齐亚去年才首次跻身意甲。(在大多数欧洲联赛中,排名垫底的三支球队会被降级,低级别球队中排名前三可以升级)。从上周末的比赛来看,斯佩齐亚和佛罗伦萨的成绩相差不大,都排在联赛的14到16名。或者,换句话说,再踢几场臭球就等着降级了。这在意大利足球界,关乎的不仅仅是荣誉,还有利润。

假球丑闻

在意大利,足球被称为“calcio”,腐败对足球界来说可不陌生。

2006年,“电话门”假球丑闻让意大利足球陷入瘫痪。丑闻始于被窃听的通话揭露了包括尤文图斯在内的多家俱乐部高层与裁判机构勾结,寻找愿意合作的裁判主持重要赛事。作为惩罚,尤文图斯被降至乙级,还被褫夺了上个赛季的冠军头衔。五年后,丑闻卷土重来。一项新调查发现,2011至2012赛季,球员们故意放水输掉比赛。对心大的意甲球迷来说,这些事只会让他们更加相信,只有在场下最有实力和最有影响力的球队才能够在场上取胜。

没有比尤文图斯、国际米兰和AC米兰更有影响力的俱乐部了。三巨头之所以可以统治意甲,因为这是一个满是穷队的联盟。除了两三个例外,意甲的其他球队既没有球场、知名度和电视转播,也没有愿意买周边的球迷基础,毫无竞争力。

新冠疫情在某种程度上起到了平衡作用。由于防疫限制措施,今年比赛日的收入差异不太明显。竞争因此稍微公平了一点,因为在正常情况下,斯佩齐亚能够容纳1万人的皮科体育场(Picco Stadium)和米兰8万人的圣西罗(San Siro)体育场之间存在巨大差距。事实上,Picco是意大利单词“piccolo”的前两个音节,这个词的意思就是“小”。

另外,同样不可以指望除了本地人,会有其他人排队抢购斯佩齐亚的红白队服。

“只要斯佩齐亚还在意甲,他们就不赔不赚,因为电视转播权收入刚好和普拉特克的投入相当。”贝里纳佐说,“但这可能是最好的情况。如果球队重回乙级联赛,那就再见了您嘞!”

长期为《世界足球》(World Soccer)撰稿、著有《意大利力量:意大利足球的兴衰》(Forza Italia: the Fall and Rise of Italian Football)的帕迪·阿格纽说,美国人的兴趣或许反映出意大利足球的衰落。

“当我在30年前搬到意大利时,著名的意大利足球裁判皮耶路易吉·科利纳几乎无法为欧洲冠军联赛任何一场比赛判罚,因为竞技双方总有一支意大利队。”阿格纽在一次采访中说,原因是人们不能为本国球队担任裁判。“上世纪八九十年代,意大利足球就像足球界的好莱坞,但现在它顶多只能够排在欧洲第四位,前面还有英国、西班牙和德国。”

这种退步可以归结为电视转播管理不善和意大利经济的全面衰退,这些因素共同作用,推低了球队的价值。罗马《共和报》(La Repubblica)的足球记者恩里科·库罗认为,美国老板之所以愿意买入球队,部分原因可能是想以低价获得拥有一支欧洲前顶级联赛球队的派头。

库罗告诉《财富》杂志:“普拉特克给斯佩齐亚花的钱,在英国可能连一支排在乙级联赛前一半的球队都买不到。”

“在意大利,拥有一支像斯佩齐亚这样的球队并不能够代表什么。但也许在国际上,说你有一支意甲球队则可以带来一些价值。”(财富中文网)

译者:Agatha

Rocco Commisso, the billionaire founder of cable television giant Mediacom, ran headlong into Italy’s famed bureaucracy last year.

The 71-year-old Italian-American in 2019 shelled out €170 million for a controlling stake in Italy’s Serie A Fiorentina soccer club. He had big plans for a team that last won a championship in 1969—back when Commisso, raised in the Bronx, was an undergrad at Columbia University. He said he was willing to spend on payroll and player development, but the centerpiece of the plan was to build a larger, modern home stadium in the Tuscan capital, Florence.

“I want our fans to be protected from the elements and to be comfortable when they watch the game,” he explained about his plans at the time. “But we also want the new stadium to be a revenue driver. Juventus earns €500 million a year in revenue and we get €100 million. We can’t be competitive like this.”

Enter Italy’s Ministry of Cultural Heritage with a not-so-fast message that prompted Commisso to threaten to walk way from the whole thing (as of this week, he’s still on board). Turns out Florence’s 43,000-seat Fascist-era Artemio Franchi Stadium, built in 1931, is a historical landmark. Even in a city that boasts a gothic Duomo started in 1296, Italy’s top art museum, the Uffizi, and the Renaissance-era Ponte Vecchio, the stadium is considered one of the city's most important architectural treasures.

Americano, Americano

Welcome to Italy, a country known as much for its business-busting red tape, as for its beauty and culture. Despite the many challenges professional football team owners face in the country, deep-pocketed Americans keep coming with plans to shake up the national pastime.

Last month, financier Robert Platek became the fifth American to take control of one of the 20 teams in Italy’s Serie A, the top division. He bought newly-minted Serie A cellar-dweller, La Spezia, for a reported €25 million.

In addition to Fiorentina and La Spezia, Americans are at the helm of Parma (investor Kyle Krause), AS Roma (businessman and film director Dan Friedkin), and AC Milan (hedge fund king Paul Singer, via fund manager Elliott Management). A sixth club, Bologna, is controlled by Canadian billionaire Joey Saputo.

From a purely competitive perspective, AC Milan probably makes some sound investment sense: it is one of Serie’s A’s “big three.” The triumvirate of Juventus, Inter-Milan and AC Milan have combined to win 27 of the last 29 Serie A titles, a streak of Darwinian inequality that might make sports fans back home spit out their over-priced ballpark beers.

As for the other billionaire outsider investors?

“I ask myself that question all of the time: What is in it for them? Why own a team that has almost zero chance to win a championship?” Marco Bellinazzo, author of the book I Veri Padroni del Calcio (The Real Owners of Soccer), told Fortune.

“In Italy, it’s not like U.S. sports, where with some good draft picks, smart trades, and some good luck, almost any team has a chance to become a contender,” he said. “La Spezia is going to have a very hard time winning a lot of games in Serie A, no matter what the owner does.”

La Spezia only made it to Serie A for the first time in its history last year. (In most European leagues, the bottom three teams in the standings are demoted to a lower division and the top three lower-division teams rise up to the top). As of last weekend’s games, both La Spezia and Fiorentina were two of the three teams in a tie for 14th through 16th place in the league. Or, to put it another way, they are a couple of bad games away from being booted to a lower division. In calcio, there's not just pride on the line, but profits.

Match-fixing scandals

In Italy, calcio, as the sport is called, and corruption are hardly strangers.

In 2006, the “Calciopoli” match-fixing scandal took Italian soccer to its knees. The scandal started when bugged phone calls revealed top brass from a number of clubs, including Juventus, were in cahoots with the referee organizations looking for a pliant ref to officiate key matches. As punishment, Juventus was relegated to Serie B, and stripped of its title from the previous season. Five years later, the dirt flew again. A separate investigation found that players were taking dives in an effort to throw games during the 2011-2012 season. For the more casual fan of Serie A calcio, these incidents only fuel the suspicion that only the most powerful and best connected off the field stand a chance of winning the contest on it.

And no clubs are more powerful than Juve, Inter and Milan. The dominance of these three Goliaths of Serie A is the result of their grip over a league full of have-nots. With a mere two or three exceptions, the others don't have the stadiums, name recognition, television deals or merchandise-buying fan bases to compete.

The pandemic has been something of a leveler. Game-day revenue is a non-factor this year, due to coronavirus health restrictions. That evens the playing field a little, since under normal circumstances there’s an enormous difference between the 10,000-seat Picco Stadium in La Spezia—the stadium’s name is literally the first two syllables of the Italian word “piccolo,” or “little”—and Milan’s San Siro, which seats 80,000.

It’s also doubtful that many people outside the region are going to line up to buy La Spezia’s red-back-and white uniform jerseys.

“As long as La Spezia stays in Serie A they’ll break even, since they get revenue-sharing for television rights which will give them about what Platek paid for the team,” Bellinazzo said. “But that’s probably the best-case scenario. And, if they end up back in Serie B, then good night.”

According to Paddy Agnew, a long-time writer for World Soccer and the author of “Forza Italia: The Fall and Rise of Italian Football,” American interest may be a reflection of the decline of Italian football.

“When I moved to Italy 30 years ago, Pierluigi Collina, the famous Italian football referee, could hardly ever officiate a Champion’s League match because there was always an Italian team involved,” Agnew said in an interview, referring to a rule in which the referee cannot officiate a match involving a team from his home country. “Italian soccer was like Hollywood in the 1980s and 1990s, but now it’s probably Europe’s fourth-best league at best, behind the U.K., Spain, and Germany.”

That decline can be boiled down to mismanaged television deals and an overall erosion of the Italian economy, which all combined to push the values of teams lower. Enrico Curro, a football writer with Rome’s La Repubblica newspaper, believes American owners may be motivated in part by the prestige of owning a team in what was once Europe’s top league—at a bargain price.

“The amount Platek paid for La Spezia probably wouldn’t buy a team in the top half of the second division in the U.K.,” Curro told Fortune.

“In Italy, owning a team like La Spezia doesn’t mean much. But maybe there’s some value to being able to say you own a Serie A team internationally.”

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