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特朗普政府承诺的“疫苗储备”实为噱头?美各州抗疫再度陷入混乱

特朗普政府承诺的“疫苗储备”实为噱头?美各州抗疫再度陷入混乱

David Z. Morris 2021-01-18
这种情况导致一线医护人员和老年人可能面临更加激烈的竞争,要与那些感染风险较低的美国人争抢数量有限的疫苗。

由美国联邦政府提出的、让各州扩大疫苗接种资格的建议似乎并没有可靠的依据——因为此前,特朗普政府的高级官员就“扩大疫苗供应范围”的声明模棱两可。这可能会给美国已经濒临崩溃的疫苗分发工作带来更多的混乱,尤其会对一线医护人员和老年人造成伤害——现在,他们可能面临更加激烈的竞争,要与那些感染风险较低的美国人争抢数量有限的疫苗。

1月12日,联邦官员和美国疾病与预防控制中心(CDC)建议各州开始向年龄在65岁以上、或者更年轻,但感染风险较大的居民开放疫苗接种资格。当天,美国卫生与公共服务部(Health and Human Services)的部长亚历克斯•阿扎宣布,“曲速行动”(Operation Warp Speed)将再投放一批库存疫苗,以防供应链中断。同一天,美国公共卫生局(U.S. Surgeon General)的局长杰罗姆•亚当斯说:“我们有足够的(疫苗)储备,可以开始投放使用。”

许多州已经将疫苗接种资格扩大到65岁以上的任何人。但是,也有其他一些州,包括纽约州、俄勒冈州和康涅狄格州都遵循美国疾病与预防控制中心先前的指令,重点为医护人员和住院的病人接种。在1月12日的提议及随之承诺的“更多供应”之后,接种的大门才为65岁以上的全体人群敞开。

但是,根据1月16日《华盛顿邮报》(Washington Post)的报道,承诺的疫苗储备根本就是空头支票。尽管有阿扎和亚当斯的声明背书,但“曲速行动”的负责人克里斯托弗•夏普斯滕告诉《华盛顿邮报》,任何所谓存在“联邦疫苗储备”的说法都是“不实的谣言”。据报道,在阿扎公开声明后,一些州的卫生官员就直接被“曲速行动”的工作人员告知,他们的拨款实际上并不会增加。其他人则是直到几天之后,才收到每周的疫苗分配计划不会改变的消息。

各州官员的反应一直很激烈。华盛顿州的州长杰伊•英斯利在推特(Twitter)上发表声明说:“必须立即对这种欺骗做出回应。”俄勒冈州的州长凯特•布朗是遵循建议、扩大本州疫苗覆盖人群范围的州官员之一。她写道:“我感到震惊至极,他们提出的是自己无法实现的期望,产生了如此严重的后果……俄勒冈州的老年人、老师,我们所有人,都仰赖着联邦储备中承诺给我们俄勒冈州的那部分疫苗。”俄勒冈州卫生局(Oregon Health Authority)的发言人在接受《财富》杂志采访时,将这种反转描述为“釜底抽薪”——把他们的家底都掀翻了。

扩大疫苗接种资格的努力本身就是对疫苗开始分发流通的回应——疫苗此前一直被批评太慢、审批太严格,因而各州都期望在联邦政府只能提供较少援助的情况下,制定自己的机动计划。即将上任的拜登政府也已经发出信号,表示也有类似计划,即扩大接种人群资格的范围。

但是,如果疫苗的供应没有随之跟上,扩大接种人群可能会让本已不容乐观的情况进一步恶化。

纽约卫生部(New York Health Department)在一份发出不久即被删除的声明中说,在该州扩大了接种资格的几个小时之后,未来14周的预订就已经满员了。该部门指出,扩大接种范围的要求意味着现在有700万纽约人有资格接种疫苗,但每周联邦政府运来的只有30万剂新的补给。该声明于1月13日发布,但在1月14日做出了一些修改,把某些用语说得更为含糊。

各州能够通过取消此前扩大的接种资格范围来应对供应短缺的状况,给联邦政府敲响警钟。但除此之外,特朗普政府的假承诺将对包括一线和基层医护人员,以及75岁以上的老年人在内的群体产生最坏的影响——如果没有这种假承诺,他们将有资格接种到疫苗,而且现在不必与更多人竞争。

“以这种方式扩大疫苗接种范围时,最有能力利用新的优先接种级别的人通常是那些有资源、有时间,并且往往有较高收入的人。”凯撒家庭基金会(KFF,前名为Kaiser Family Foundation)的健康政策全球副总裁乔什•米肖说。“而没有获取信息的网络,没有时间和耐心去解决这一切问题的人就会落后。”

这种情况还突出表明,总体而言,疫苗的供应缺乏透明度。米肖说:“作为旁观者,我们几乎对这个‘曲速行动’认为他们可以拿到多少剂量一无所知。这是一项被重重包围的秘密”,这让各州不得不更加依赖官员的言论提供信息,无论他们的说是否属实。(财富中文网)

Sy Mukherjee提供了其他相关报道。

编译:陈聪聪

由美国联邦政府提出的、让各州扩大疫苗接种资格的建议似乎并没有可靠的依据——因为此前,特朗普政府的高级官员就“扩大疫苗供应范围”的声明模棱两可。这可能会给美国已经濒临崩溃的疫苗分发工作带来更多的混乱,尤其会对一线医护人员和老年人造成伤害——现在,他们可能面临更加激烈的竞争,要与那些感染风险较低的美国人争抢数量有限的疫苗。

1月12日,联邦官员和美国疾病与预防控制中心(CDC)建议各州开始向年龄在65岁以上、或者更年轻,但感染风险较大的居民开放疫苗接种资格。当天,美国卫生与公共服务部(Health and Human Services)的部长亚历克斯•阿扎宣布,“曲速行动”(Operation Warp Speed)将再投放一批库存疫苗,以防供应链中断。同一天,美国公共卫生局(U.S. Surgeon General)的局长杰罗姆•亚当斯说:“我们有足够的(疫苗)储备,可以开始投放使用。”

许多州已经将疫苗接种资格扩大到65岁以上的任何人。但是,也有其他一些州,包括纽约州、俄勒冈州和康涅狄格州都遵循美国疾病与预防控制中心先前的指令,重点为医护人员和住院的病人接种。在1月12日的提议及随之承诺的“更多供应”之后,接种的大门才为65岁以上的全体人群敞开。

但是,根据1月16日《华盛顿邮报》(Washington Post)的报道,承诺的疫苗储备根本就是空头支票。尽管有阿扎和亚当斯的声明背书,但“曲速行动”的负责人克里斯托弗•夏普斯滕告诉《华盛顿邮报》,任何所谓存在“联邦疫苗储备”的说法都是“不实的谣言”。据报道,在阿扎公开声明后,一些州的卫生官员就直接被“曲速行动”的工作人员告知,他们的拨款实际上并不会增加。其他人则是直到几天之后,才收到每周的疫苗分配计划不会改变的消息。

各州官员的反应一直很激烈。华盛顿州的州长杰伊•英斯利在推特(Twitter)上发表声明说:“必须立即对这种欺骗做出回应。”俄勒冈州的州长凯特•布朗是遵循建议、扩大本州疫苗覆盖人群范围的州官员之一。她写道:“我感到震惊至极,他们提出的是自己无法实现的期望,产生了如此严重的后果……俄勒冈州的老年人、老师,我们所有人,都仰赖着联邦储备中承诺给我们俄勒冈州的那部分疫苗。”俄勒冈州卫生局(Oregon Health Authority)的发言人在接受《财富》杂志采访时,将这种反转描述为“釜底抽薪”——把他们的家底都掀翻了。

扩大疫苗接种资格的努力本身就是对疫苗开始分发流通的回应——疫苗此前一直被批评太慢、审批太严格,因而各州都期望在联邦政府只能提供较少援助的情况下,制定自己的机动计划。即将上任的拜登政府也已经发出信号,表示也有类似计划,即扩大接种人群资格的范围。

但是,如果疫苗的供应没有随之跟上,扩大接种人群可能会让本已不容乐观的情况进一步恶化。

纽约卫生部(New York Health Department)在一份发出不久即被删除的声明中说,在该州扩大了接种资格的几个小时之后,未来14周的预订就已经满员了。该部门指出,扩大接种范围的要求意味着现在有700万纽约人有资格接种疫苗,但每周联邦政府运来的只有30万剂新的补给。该声明于1月13日发布,但在1月14日做出了一些修改,把某些用语说得更为含糊。

各州能够通过取消此前扩大的接种资格范围来应对供应短缺的状况,给联邦政府敲响警钟。但除此之外,特朗普政府的假承诺将对包括一线和基层医护人员,以及75岁以上的老年人在内的群体产生最坏的影响——如果没有这种假承诺,他们将有资格接种到疫苗,而且现在不必与更多人竞争。

“以这种方式扩大疫苗接种范围时,最有能力利用新的优先接种级别的人通常是那些有资源、有时间,并且往往有较高收入的人。”凯撒家庭基金会(KFF,前名为Kaiser Family Foundation)的健康政策全球副总裁乔什•米肖说。“而没有获取信息的网络,没有时间和耐心去解决这一切问题的人就会落后。”

这种情况还突出表明,总体而言,疫苗的供应缺乏透明度。米肖说:“作为旁观者,我们几乎对这个‘曲速行动’认为他们可以拿到多少剂量一无所知。这是一项被重重包围的秘密”,这让各州不得不更加依赖官员的言论提供信息,无论他们的说是否属实。(财富中文网)

Sy Mukherjee提供了其他相关报道。

编译:陈聪聪

A federal recommendation that states expand eligibility for the coronavirus vaccine appears to have been premised on inaccurate claims about expanded vaccine availability by high-ranking Trump administration officials. That could add even more chaos to a U.S. vaccine rollout already characterized by dysfunction, with particular harm to frontline workers and the elderly, who may now face much stiffer competition from lower-risk Americans for a place in line.

On January 12, federal officials and the CDC recommended that states open up vaccine eligibility to anyone over the age of 65 or younger residents with added risk factors. The same day, Health and Human Services Secretary Alex Azar announced that Operation Warp Speed would release a stockpile of doses that had been held as insurance against supply-chain disruptions. Also on January 12, U.S. Surgeon General Jerome Adams said that “we have enough [vaccine] in reserve that we can just start pushing those doses out there.”

Many states have already expanded eligibility to anyone over 65. But states including New York, Oregon, and Connecticut focused on vaccinating health workers and nursing home residents, following prior CDC guidelines. They opened the doors to those over 65 only after January 12’s recommendations and the accompanying promise that more supply was on the way.

But according to reporting on January 16 from the Washington Post, the promised vaccine reserves simply aren’t there. Despite the statements from Azar and Adams, Operation Warp Speed director Christopher Sharpsten told the Post that the existence of any federal vaccine reserve was a “false rumor.” After Azar's public statements, some state health officials reportedly heard directly from Operation Warp Speed officials that their allocations would not in fact increase. But others did not find out until days later when they received unchanged weekly distribution plans.

Response from state officials has been scathing. In a statement posted on Twitter, Washington Gov. Jay Inslee said, “The Trump admin. must answer immediately for this deception.” Oregon Gov. Kate Brown, whose state was among those who followed the recommendation to expand access, wrote: “I am shocked and appalled that they have set an expectation on which they could not deliver, with such grave consequences…Oregon’s seniors, teachers, all of us, were depending on the promise of Oregon’s share of the federal reserve of vaccines being released to us.” A spokesperson for the Oregon Health Authority described the reversal as "having the rug pulled out from under us" in an interview with Fortune.

The push to expand eligibility was itself a response to a vaccine rollout that has been criticized as too slow and restrictive, in part because every state has been expected to develop its own plans, with little federal assistance. The incoming Biden administration had already signaled that it planned a similar eligibility expansion.

But without expanded supply to match, the changes have likely made the already disheartening situation even worse.

In a since-deleted statement, the New York Health Department said that appointments were fully booked for the next 14 weeks, just hours after the state had expanded eligibility. The agency pointed out that the looser requirements meant 7 million New Yorkers were now eligible to be vaccinated, but only 300,000 new doses were being delivered from the federal government each week. The statement was posted on January 13 but replaced on January 14 with less specific language.

States may respond to the revelation of missing supplies by reversing their expansions of eligibility. But short of that, the head fake by the Trump administration will have the worst effects on groups including frontline and essential workers and those over 75, who would have otherwise been eligible and wouldn't have had to compete with the much larger group now in the running.

“When you open it up this way, often the people who are best poised to take advantage of the new prioritization are those who have the resources, have the time, and tend to have higher income,” says Josh Michaud, associate director of Global Health Policy for KFF (formerly the Kaiser Family Foundation). “People who don’t have the information networks, who don’t have the time and patience to go through and figure all this out, they get left behind.”

The situation also highlights the lack of transparency about vaccine supply in general. “From the outside looking in, we have very little visibility into how many doses Operation Warp Speed thinks they’ll be getting,” says Michaud. “This has been shrouded in secrecy,” leaving states more dependent on statements from officials—whether they’re true or not.

Additional reporting provided by Sy Mukherjee.

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