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专利究竟有多重要?

专利究竟有多重要?

Dario Gil 2021-01-17
专利能够推动创新和一个国家的经济发展。

图片来源:GETTY IMAGES

我还记得我的第一项IBM专利。

这项专利是我和同事们在2005年获得的。我们当时发明了一种光刻胶涂层防水材料。光刻胶是一种用于制作半导体芯片电路图案的光敏物质。对我来说,这是一个值得骄傲的时刻——尤其是因为我知道这项专利包含的新颖功能,对于一种名为“浸没式光刻”的全新技术至关重要。这种技术很快就成为制造所有先进芯片的基石,直到今天依然如此。

专利是一项发明的证据,通过法律文件对其进行保护。非常重要的一点是,专利公开出版,供所有人阅读。在IBM和其他公司,一大批科学家和工程师正在积极地为未来世界的尖端技术播下研究的种子。我们公司最近获得的专利涵盖人工智能、混合云、网络安全和量子计算等领域。没有什么比这些技术更具前瞻性的了。

美国的专利制度可以追溯到建国之初。宪法对此作了详细说明,允许国会授予发明家在特定时期内对其发明的专有权。这种法律保证旨在激励发明者不断创新。

也许有人会反对为一些不能立即转化为商业产品的发明设置专利权。但我对此不敢苟同。发明某种东西类似于提出一个经过深思熟虑,或许有朝一日会得到实验验证的理论。也许它不会立刻派上用场,但提出一些有助于加深我们对一个领域的整体认识,并促进进步的理论,仍然具有至关重要的意义。拥有面向未来的专利与拥有针对当今产品的专利同样重要,而广泛的科学进步组合最终总是会催生创新浪潮。

专利推动创新和一个国家的经济发展。多年来,专利为我们带来了激光、自动驾驶汽车、石墨烯和太阳能电池板等突破性技术。IBM的研究团队开发并获得了一些被广泛使用的产品的专利权,比如自动取款机(ATM)、语音识别技术、具有类似消费者购物功能,用于处理商业订单的B2B电子商务软件、硬盘驱动器、DRAM(即无处不在的存储器,正是它为我们的手机和电脑提供动力),甚至还包括大名鼎鼎,现已成为历史的软盘。所有这些只是其中一部分。事实上,正如媒体本周报道的那样,2020年是IBM连续第28年在专利授权数量方面领跑美国。

专利给予发明的保护保证,是企业投入数十亿美元进行研发的重要原因。这促使不同公司的科学家和工程师努力寻找最好的、最具原创性的解决方案来攻克世界面临的种种问题,为新的和更好的产品铺平道路。我们还没有把全球问题解决完,还远远没有。创新能够帮助我们应对流行病、解决全球变暖、能源和粮食短缺等众多难题。

最后我想谈一点感悟。充满活力的创新文化将专利和出版结合起来,有助于促进开源且活跃的市场试验和发现。所有这些都是必要的,创新者在迸发新奇想法的火花时感受到的喜悦,以及将这些想法付诸实践的愿望,都会为之推波助澜。(财富中文网)

本文作者达里奥•吉尔是IBM研究部高级副总裁兼总监。他还负责IBM的知识产权战略和业务。

译者:任文科

我还记得我的第一项IBM专利。

这项专利是我和同事们在2005年获得的。我们当时发明了一种光刻胶涂层防水材料。光刻胶是一种用于制作半导体芯片电路图案的光敏物质。对我来说,这是一个值得骄傲的时刻——尤其是因为我知道这项专利包含的新颖功能,对于一种名为“浸没式光刻”的全新技术至关重要。这种技术很快就成为制造所有先进芯片的基石,直到今天依然如此。

专利是一项发明的证据,通过法律文件对其进行保护。非常重要的一点是,专利公开出版,供所有人阅读。在IBM和其他公司,一大批科学家和工程师正在积极地为未来世界的尖端技术播下研究的种子。我们公司最近获得的专利涵盖人工智能、混合云、网络安全和量子计算等领域。没有什么比这些技术更具前瞻性的了。

美国的专利制度可以追溯到建国之初。宪法对此作了详细说明,允许国会授予发明家在特定时期内对其发明的专有权。这种法律保证旨在激励发明者不断创新。

也许有人会反对为一些不能立即转化为商业产品的发明设置专利权。但我对此不敢苟同。发明某种东西类似于提出一个经过深思熟虑,或许有朝一日会得到实验验证的理论。也许它不会立刻派上用场,但提出一些有助于加深我们对一个领域的整体认识,并促进进步的理论,仍然具有至关重要的意义。拥有面向未来的专利与拥有针对当今产品的专利同样重要,而广泛的科学进步组合最终总是会催生创新浪潮。

专利推动创新和一个国家的经济发展。多年来,专利为我们带来了激光、自动驾驶汽车、石墨烯和太阳能电池板等突破性技术。IBM的研究团队开发并获得了一些被广泛使用的产品的专利权,比如自动取款机(ATM)、语音识别技术、具有类似消费者购物功能,用于处理商业订单的B2B电子商务软件、硬盘驱动器、DRAM(即无处不在的存储器,正是它为我们的手机和电脑提供动力),甚至还包括大名鼎鼎,现已成为历史的软盘。所有这些只是其中一部分。事实上,正如媒体本周报道的那样,2020年是IBM连续第28年在专利授权数量方面领跑美国。

专利给予发明的保护保证,是企业投入数十亿美元进行研发的重要原因。这促使不同公司的科学家和工程师努力寻找最好的、最具原创性的解决方案来攻克世界面临的种种问题,为新的和更好的产品铺平道路。我们还没有把全球问题解决完,还远远没有。创新能够帮助我们应对流行病、解决全球变暖、能源和粮食短缺等众多难题。

最后我想谈一点感悟。充满活力的创新文化将专利和出版结合起来,有助于促进开源且活跃的市场试验和发现。所有这些都是必要的,创新者在迸发新奇想法的火花时感受到的喜悦,以及将这些想法付诸实践的愿望,都会为之推波助澜。(财富中文网)

本文作者达里奥•吉尔是IBM研究部高级副总裁兼总监。他还负责IBM的知识产权战略和业务。

译者:任文科

I remember my first IBM patent.

Granted to my colleagues and myself in 2005, it was for a topcoat waterproof material for a photoresist—a light-sensitive substance used to make circuit patterns for semiconductor chips. It was a proud moment for me—especially because I knew that this patent contained novel capabilities that were critical for a brand-new technology called immersion lithography. This technology soon became the basis for how all advanced chips are manufactured, even to this day.

A patent is evidence of an invention, protecting it through legal documentation and, importantly, published for all to read. We scientists and engineers, at IBM and elsewhere, are actively planting the research seeds for the bleeding-edge technological world of tomorrow. At my company, our most recent patents span artificial intelligence (A.I.), the hybrid cloud, cybersecurity, and quantum computing. It doesn’t get more future-looking than this.

The U.S. patent system goes back to the very dawn of our nation. It is detailed in the Constitution, enabling the Congress to grant inventors the exclusive right to their discoveries for a specific period of time. It is an assurance designed to motivate inventors to keep innovating.

One might argue against having patents that don’t immediately get turned into commercial products. But I disagree. Inventing something is similar to putting forward a well thought out theory that may, one day, be verified experimentally. Perhaps it won’t be put to use straight away, but it’s still vital to have theories to enhance our overall understanding of a field and to keep progress going. Having future-looking patents is just as important as having those aimed at products of today, and a broad portfolio of scientific advances always ends up contributing to waves of innovation.

Patents drive innovation and a nation’s economic performance. Over the years, they have given us breakthrough technologies such as the laser, self-driving cars, graphene, and solar panels. We at IBM have developed and patented such widely used products as the automated teller machine (ATM), speech-recognition technology, B2B e-commerce software with consumer-like shopping features for processing business orders, the hard disk drive, DRAM (the ubiquitous memory that powers our phones and computers), and even the famous floppy disk that’s now history, to name just a few. In fact, as was reported this week, 2020 was the 28th year in a row that IBM led the U.S. in the number of patents granted.

A patent’s assurance of the protection of inventions is a key reason why companies invest billions of dollars in research and development. This results in scientists and engineers at different companies trying to find the best, most original solutions to the world’s problems, paving the way for new and better products. And we haven’t run out of global problems to solve, far from it. Innovation is what helps us deal with pandemics, tackle global warming, address energy and food shortages, and much more.

I’ll end with a reflection. A vibrant culture of innovation combines patenting, publishing, and contributing to open-source and active in-market experimentation and discovery. All are needed, fueled by the joy that innovators experience with the spark of novel ideas, and the desire to bring them to life.

Darío Gil is senior vice president and director of IBM Research. He is also responsible for IBM’s intellectual property strategy and business.

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