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这67个国家,明年只有10%的人能接种新冠疫苗

这67个国家,明年只有10%的人能接种新冠疫苗

DAVID Z. MORRIS 2020-12-09
7亿剂疫苗要在92个中低收入国家的36亿公民中分发。

对于美国,欧洲和东亚大部分地区的人们而言,新冠疫苗似乎已指日可待。但是,根据一项新的分析,到2021年底,从蒙古到莫桑比克等67个发展中或贫困国家中,只有十分之一的人能接种疫苗。

周二,人民疫苗联盟(People's Vaccine Alliance)详细阐述了这一发现。该联盟的成员包括乐施会和国际特赦组织(Amnesty International)等,旨在倡导让疫苗分配更加公平、接种成本更低。该报告突出了富裕国家和相对不发达国家之间的差距。它还表明,即使富裕国家控制住了疫情,全球仍将有很大一部分地区要继续与新冠疫情斗争。

据该疫苗联盟称,这67个低收入或中低收入国家只能通过一项“新冠肺炎疫苗实施计划”(COVAX)获得疫苗,该项目旨在整合各国资源,以扩大疫苗的覆盖范围。到目前为止,该计划已从疫苗大军中进展领先的几家研发商处获得了7亿剂疫苗——但这些疫苗要在92个中低收入国家的36亿公民中分发。

COVAX计划还覆盖了一些中等收入的国家,例如越南和巴西,都在为争取更多的疫苗供应而谈判。完整的疫苗接种流程需要分两次注射,但是对于那些最贫穷的国家来说,只有10%的居民能有这样的机会。

这样的状况除了让这些不发达国家继续面临疾病和死亡外,如果阻碍了旅行或贸易,可能会对全球的经济都产生影响。

人民疫苗联盟成员、“前线援助”组织的负责人路易斯•尚丹杜(Lois Chingandu)说:“疫情是一个全球性的问题,需要全球性的解决方案。只要世界上大部分地区还无法获得疫苗,全球的经济就都将继续遭受苦难。”

人民疫苗联盟指出了疫苗短缺的两个原因:富裕国家对疫苗所谓的“囤积居奇”,和由于知识产权控制而限制疫苗生产。

联盟成员莫加•卡马尔•雅尼(Mohga Kamal-Yanni)表示:“富裕国家人人都能接种疫苗——他们持有的疫苗剂量几乎足以覆盖其现有人口的三倍,而贫困国家甚至都没有足够的资金来覆盖医护工作者和重危病人。”

这是因为在疫苗竞赛初期,许多富裕国家都储备了各种可能有效的疫苗的供应。现在,许多独立的疫苗计划已在大规模试验中显示出希望,可能使这些国家的剂量超出其实际所需。

乐施会的尼古拉斯•卢西阿尼(Nicholas Lusiani)表示,关于这些额外剂量如何再分配的讨论还“为时尚早”。“但是疫苗之后还会面临各种挑战——物流等后勤挑战,更不用说政治挑战了,这都使该方法不能成为最理想的解决方案。”

卢西阿尼说,相反,解决方式应该是“一种可靠的公共卫生方法,即那一小撮疫苗生产军团能在全球范围内进行大规模、低成本的生产。”

为了实现这一目标,人民疫苗联盟呼吁所有生产新冠疫苗的制药商通过世界卫生组织共享其技术和知识产权。最近,印度和南非还更进一步,呼吁世界贸易组织免除对新冠疫苗的知识产权保护,以便更多的公司可以生产该疫苗,从而更有可能在世界范围内改善疫苗覆盖率。

辉瑞公司并没有声明其对技术共享问题的态度。相反,该公司强调称自己已经具备“在获得批准或授权后在全球范围内分发疫苗的能力”。

Moderna则对这一新的分析报告不予置评。

“坦白说,眼下言辞和现实差距悬殊,无法为世界各地的人们带来公平、公正的结果。”世界卫生组织紧急卫生事务部执行总监迈克•瑞安(Mike Ryan)说。“我们有建设性地规划,但仍没有足够的资金来实现这一其实不太可能实现的目标。”

美国拒绝为此提供资金。特朗普政府在9月宣布,美国不会为COVAX做出任何贡献。今天,联邦政府公布了进一步扩大疫苗储备的措施,以便在向其他国家提供援助之前,保证美国人优先接种。

相比之下,欧盟已向COVAX计划投入了1亿欧元。欧盟的各成员国也分别向COVAX捐款,其中包括法国承诺追加的1亿欧元。

乐施会卫生政策经理安娜•万豪(Anna Marriott)说:“没有人应该因为自己身处不发达国家,或经济拮据而无法获得救命的疫苗。除非有重大变化发生,否则在未来的几年内,全球都会有数十亿人无法获得安全有效的新冠疫苗。”(财富中文网)

编译:陈聪聪

对于美国,欧洲和东亚大部分地区的人们而言,新冠疫苗似乎已指日可待。但是,根据一项新的分析,到2021年底,从蒙古到莫桑比克等67个发展中或贫困国家中,只有十分之一的人能接种疫苗。

周二,人民疫苗联盟(People's Vaccine Alliance)详细阐述了这一发现。该联盟的成员包括乐施会和国际特赦组织(Amnesty International)等,旨在倡导让疫苗分配更加公平、接种成本更低。该报告突出了富裕国家和相对不发达国家之间的差距。它还表明,即使富裕国家控制住了疫情,全球仍将有很大一部分地区要继续与新冠疫情斗争。

据该疫苗联盟称,这67个低收入或中低收入国家只能通过一项“新冠肺炎疫苗实施计划”(COVAX)获得疫苗,该项目旨在整合各国资源,以扩大疫苗的覆盖范围。到目前为止,该计划已从疫苗大军中进展领先的几家研发商处获得了7亿剂疫苗——但这些疫苗要在92个中低收入国家的36亿公民中分发。

COVAX计划还覆盖了一些中等收入的国家,例如越南和巴西,都在为争取更多的疫苗供应而谈判。完整的疫苗接种流程需要分两次注射,但是对于那些最贫穷的国家来说,只有10%的居民能有这样的机会。

这样的状况除了让这些不发达国家继续面临疾病和死亡外,如果阻碍了旅行或贸易,可能会对全球的经济都产生影响。

人民疫苗联盟成员、“前线援助”组织的负责人路易斯•尚丹杜(Lois Chingandu)说:“疫情是一个全球性的问题,需要全球性的解决方案。只要世界上大部分地区还无法获得疫苗,全球的经济就都将继续遭受苦难。”

人民疫苗联盟指出了疫苗短缺的两个原因:富裕国家对疫苗所谓的“囤积居奇”,和由于知识产权控制而限制疫苗生产。

联盟成员莫加•卡马尔•雅尼(Mohga Kamal-Yanni)表示:“富裕国家人人都能接种疫苗——他们持有的疫苗剂量几乎足以覆盖其现有人口的三倍,而贫困国家甚至都没有足够的资金来覆盖医护工作者和重危病人。”

这是因为在疫苗竞赛初期,许多富裕国家都储备了各种可能有效的疫苗的供应。现在,许多独立的疫苗计划已在大规模试验中显示出希望,可能使这些国家的剂量超出其实际所需。

乐施会的尼古拉斯•卢西阿尼(Nicholas Lusiani)表示,关于这些额外剂量如何再分配的讨论还“为时尚早”。“但是疫苗之后还会面临各种挑战——物流等后勤挑战,更不用说政治挑战了,这都使该方法不能成为最理想的解决方案。”

卢西阿尼说,相反,解决方式应该是“一种可靠的公共卫生方法,即那一小撮疫苗生产军团能在全球范围内进行大规模、低成本的生产。”

为了实现这一目标,人民疫苗联盟呼吁所有生产新冠疫苗的制药商通过世界卫生组织共享其技术和知识产权。最近,印度和南非还更进一步,呼吁世界贸易组织免除对新冠疫苗的知识产权保护,以便更多的公司可以生产该疫苗,从而更有可能在世界范围内改善疫苗覆盖率。

辉瑞公司并没有声明其对技术共享问题的态度。相反,该公司强调称自己已经具备“在获得批准或授权后在全球范围内分发疫苗的能力”。

Moderna则对这一新的分析报告不予置评。

“坦白说,眼下言辞和现实差距悬殊,无法为世界各地的人们带来公平、公正的结果。”世界卫生组织紧急卫生事务部执行总监迈克•瑞安(Mike Ryan)说。“我们有建设性地规划,但仍没有足够的资金来实现这一其实不太可能实现的目标。”

美国拒绝为此提供资金。特朗普政府在9月宣布,美国不会为COVAX做出任何贡献。今天,联邦政府公布了进一步扩大疫苗储备的措施,以便在向其他国家提供援助之前,保证美国人优先接种。

相比之下,欧盟已向COVAX计划投入了1亿欧元。欧盟的各成员国也分别向COVAX捐款,其中包括法国承诺追加的1亿欧元。

乐施会卫生政策经理安娜•万豪(Anna Marriott)说:“没有人应该因为自己身处不发达国家,或经济拮据而无法获得救命的疫苗。除非有重大变化发生,否则在未来的几年内,全球都会有数十亿人无法获得安全有效的新冠疫苗。”(财富中文网)

编译:陈聪聪

For people in the U.S., Europe, and much of East Asia, a coronavirus vaccine is starting to seem right around the corner. But in 67 developing or poor countries from Mongolia to Mozambique, only one out of every 10 people will be vaccinated by the end of 2021, according to a new analysis.

The finding, detailed Tuesday by the People’s Vaccine Alliance, a coalition including Oxfam and Amnesty International that advocates for equitable and low-cost vaccine access, highlights the disparities between richer and less well-off countries. It also shows that a large part of the world will likely be grappling with COVID for some time to come, even after wealthy countries get it under control.

The 67 low or lower-middle-income countries, according to PVA, will have access to a vaccine only through COVAX, a project that aims to pool resources from many countries to broaden vaccine access. So far, COVAX has secured 700 million vaccine doses from the developers of leading vaccine candidates—but those doses will be shared across 3.6 billion citizens of COVAX's 92 lower- and middle-income recipient countries.

COVAX also includes some middle-income countries, such as Vietnam and Brazil, which are negotiating independently for additional vaccine supplies. But for the poorest countries, that means a two-dose vaccination sequence has been secured for only 10% of residents.

In addition to ongoing illness and death in those countries, that could have worldwide economic impacts if it hampers travel or trade.

“This pandemic is a global problem that requires a global solution,” said Lois Chingandu, director of Frontline AIDS, a People’s Vaccine Alliance member. “The global economy will continue to suffer so long as much of the world does not have access to a vaccine.”

The People’s Vaccine Alliance cites two factors in the shortfall: what it calls “hoarding” of the vaccine by wealthy nations, and limits on vaccine production because of intellectual-property controls.

“Rich countries have enough doses to vaccinate everyone nearly three times over, whilst poor countries don’t even have enough to reach health workers and people at risk,” says Dr. Mohga Kamal-Yanni of the PVA.

That’s because early in the vaccine race, many rich countries reserved supplies from multiple vaccine candidates. Now a large number of separate vaccine programs have shown promise in large-scale trials, potentially leaving those countries with more earmarked doses than they need.

According to Nicholas Lusiani of Oxfam, “very early” discussions are taking place about how to redistribute those extra doses. “But the logistical, not to mention political, challenges make this not the most ideal solution.”

Instead, Lusiani says, the answer is “a proven public health measure of mass, low-cost production by a small army of producers worldwide.”

To make that possible, the People’s Vaccine Alliance is calling on all pharmaceutical makers working on COVID-19 vaccines to share their technology and intellectual property through the World Health Organization. India and South Africa recently went a step further, calling on the World Trade Organization to exempt COVID-19 vaccines from intellectual-property protections so that more companies could manufacture the vaccine, potentially improving access worldwide.

In a statement, Pfizer did not address the technology-sharing call. Instead, it emphasized that it has developed the “capability to distribute the vaccine globally upon approval or authorization.”

Moderna did not reply to a request for comment about the new analysis.

“Quite frankly, right now, there's too much of a gap between the rhetoric and the reality [to] deliver on a fair and equitable result for people around the world,” says Dr. Mike Ryan, executive director of the World Health Organization’s Health Emergencies program. “We have the architectural drawings for this moonshot, but we still don't have the financing to make that happen.”

The United States has declined to help with that financing. The Trump administration announced in September that the U.S. would not contribute to COVAX. Today, the federal government announced further measures to reserve COVID vaccine supplies for Americans before assistance goes to other countries.

By contrast, the EU has committed €100 million to the COVAX effort. EU member states have also contributed to COVAX individually, including an additional €100 million commitment from France.

“No one should be blocked from getting a lifesaving vaccine because of the country they live in or the amount of money in their pocket,” said Anna Marriott, Oxfam’s health policy manager. “But unless something changes dramatically, billions of people around the world will not receive a safe and effective vaccine for COVID-19 for years to come.”

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