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为什么美国突然出现“硬币荒”?

为什么美国突然出现“硬币荒”?

Danielle Abril 2020-07-23
“硬币荒”是一种货币流通问题,而不是硬币短缺。

新冠疫情导致美国出现了全国性的“硬币荒”。

包括克罗格(Kroger)、沃尔玛(Walmart)和CVS在内,越来越多的商家被迫停止用硬币找零。许多商家要求客户用银行卡或者尽可能备好零钱,有些小商户和特许经销商已经彻底停止接受现金付款。

对于没有银行账户、每天使用现金采购的人群来说,“硬币荒”的影响尤其严重。而只接受现金的企业也面临困境。

美国小银行行业组织独立社区银行家协会(Independent Community Bankers of America)的副会长卡里•惠利认为,“硬币荒”是一种货币流通问题,而不是硬币短缺。

他说,在疫情爆发之后,“许多人改变了付款方式。他们不再用现金支付,所以他们不会带钱去餐厅和银行,也就不能让硬币流通起来。”

疫情导致美国出现了多种物资短缺,最近出现短缺的是硬币。消费者此前曾经经历过厕纸荒,然后是肉类加工厂关闭导致的肉禽类食品短缺。

以下是有关“硬币荒”的一些事实。

“硬币荒”到底是如何发生的?

这个问题要从两方面回答:首先,美国铸币局(U.S. Mint)为防止员工感染新冠病毒而采取了安全措施,之后减少了硬币铸造量。另外,据美联储(Federal Reserve)统计,消费者在美国金融机构中存入的硬币也在减少。

由于疫情造成的恐慌,许多人改用信用卡和移动支付,避免触碰钞票。与此同时,停工迫使许多企业关闭,在正常时期,这些企业能够帮助维持硬币的流通。

美国铸币局的发言人迈克尔•怀特在一份声明中表示:“随着零售店、银行支行、公共交通和洗衣店等硬币流入社会的入口关闭,硬币的正常流通速度已经放缓甚至停止流通。”

6月15日,美联储宣布将开始限制向银行和金融机构分配的硬币总量。预计这会是一项临时性措施,并且取决于金融机构的历史订单。

“硬币荒”什么时候能结束?

美联储和美国铸币局正在联合其他金融团体努力解决这个问题。至于“硬币荒”会在什么时候结束,目前没有确切的答案。

在6月召开的一次众议院金融服务委员会(House Financial Services Committee)的听证会上,美联储主席杰罗姆•鲍威尔说:“我们感觉工作已经取得了进展。我们一直在努力解决这个问题。”

6月30日,美联储宣布将由一个工作组制定解决这个问题的计划。该工作组由来自大银行、协会组织、美联储和财政部的领导人组成,在7月10日召开了首次会议,预计会在8月初发布建议清单。

独立社区银行家协会的惠利表示,该工作组正在考虑的问题包括:“是否是疫情产生了意想不到的影响?我们是否需要重新思考存放或交付硬币的方式?现在有没有办法简化供应链,让硬币流通起来?我们如何调整供应链,以促进硬币流通?”

与此同时,美国铸币局在6月中旬已经全面恢复生产,预计截至年底可铸造198亿枚硬币,将比去年增加74亿枚。

与此同时,消费者应该做些什么?

在美联储努力改善硬币存量,美国铸币局大幅增加硬币铸造量的同时,这个问题中仍然有一个重要的环节需要解决:消费者。

惠利说,消费者应该考虑把硬币存入银行或在本地商户消费,使硬币能重新流通。他说:“如果消费者把一些硬币存入‘雨天’基金,作为应急资金,现在就是最应该花掉这笔资金的‘雨天’。”

而商户面临的挑战则最为严峻,因为他们手里的硬币越来越少,同时他们从银行订购的硬币却供应不足。但有些商户找到了规避这个问题的办法。例如,克罗格把数字找零发放到客户的忠诚卡上,客户可以在下一次进店消费时兑现。(财富中文网)

译者:Biz

新冠疫情导致美国出现了全国性的“硬币荒”。

包括克罗格(Kroger)、沃尔玛(Walmart)和CVS在内,越来越多的商家被迫停止用硬币找零。许多商家要求客户用银行卡或者尽可能备好零钱,有些小商户和特许经销商已经彻底停止接受现金付款。

对于没有银行账户、每天使用现金采购的人群来说,“硬币荒”的影响尤其严重。而只接受现金的企业也面临困境。

美国小银行行业组织独立社区银行家协会(Independent Community Bankers of America)的副会长卡里•惠利认为,“硬币荒”是一种货币流通问题,而不是硬币短缺。

他说,在疫情爆发之后,“许多人改变了付款方式。他们不再用现金支付,所以他们不会带钱去餐厅和银行,也就不能让硬币流通起来。”

疫情导致美国出现了多种物资短缺,最近出现短缺的是硬币。消费者此前曾经经历过厕纸荒,然后是肉类加工厂关闭导致的肉禽类食品短缺。

以下是有关“硬币荒”的一些事实。

“硬币荒”到底是如何发生的?

这个问题要从两方面回答:首先,美国铸币局(U.S. Mint)为防止员工感染新冠病毒而采取了安全措施,之后减少了硬币铸造量。另外,据美联储(Federal Reserve)统计,消费者在美国金融机构中存入的硬币也在减少。

由于疫情造成的恐慌,许多人改用信用卡和移动支付,避免触碰钞票。与此同时,停工迫使许多企业关闭,在正常时期,这些企业能够帮助维持硬币的流通。

美国铸币局的发言人迈克尔•怀特在一份声明中表示:“随着零售店、银行支行、公共交通和洗衣店等硬币流入社会的入口关闭,硬币的正常流通速度已经放缓甚至停止流通。”

6月15日,美联储宣布将开始限制向银行和金融机构分配的硬币总量。预计这会是一项临时性措施,并且取决于金融机构的历史订单。

“硬币荒”什么时候能结束?

美联储和美国铸币局正在联合其他金融团体努力解决这个问题。至于“硬币荒”会在什么时候结束,目前没有确切的答案。

在6月召开的一次众议院金融服务委员会(House Financial Services Committee)的听证会上,美联储主席杰罗姆•鲍威尔说:“我们感觉工作已经取得了进展。我们一直在努力解决这个问题。”

6月30日,美联储宣布将由一个工作组制定解决这个问题的计划。该工作组由来自大银行、协会组织、美联储和财政部的领导人组成,在7月10日召开了首次会议,预计会在8月初发布建议清单。

独立社区银行家协会的惠利表示,该工作组正在考虑的问题包括:“是否是疫情产生了意想不到的影响?我们是否需要重新思考存放或交付硬币的方式?现在有没有办法简化供应链,让硬币流通起来?我们如何调整供应链,以促进硬币流通?”

与此同时,美国铸币局在6月中旬已经全面恢复生产,预计截至年底可铸造198亿枚硬币,将比去年增加74亿枚。

与此同时,消费者应该做些什么?

在美联储努力改善硬币存量,美国铸币局大幅增加硬币铸造量的同时,这个问题中仍然有一个重要的环节需要解决:消费者。

惠利说,消费者应该考虑把硬币存入银行或在本地商户消费,使硬币能重新流通。他说:“如果消费者把一些硬币存入‘雨天’基金,作为应急资金,现在就是最应该花掉这笔资金的‘雨天’。”

而商户面临的挑战则最为严峻,因为他们手里的硬币越来越少,同时他们从银行订购的硬币却供应不足。但有些商户找到了规避这个问题的办法。例如,克罗格把数字找零发放到客户的忠诚卡上,客户可以在下一次进店消费时兑现。(财富中文网)

译者:Biz

The coronavirus outbreak has created a new nationwide shortage: coins.

A growing number of businesses, including Kroger, Walmart, and CVS have had to stop giving change in coins. Many are asking customers to use cards or exact change whenever possible, while some smaller businesses and franchises have stopped accepting cash all together.

The shortage is especially troubling for people who are unbanked and rely on cash for everyday purchases. Cash-only businesses are also suffering.

Cary Whaley, vice president at Independent Community Bankers of America (ICBA), a trade group for small banks, views the issue as a circulation problem rather than a shortage.

“A lot of folks shifted the way they paid” after the coronavirus outbreak, he said. “They weren’t paying in cash, so they weren’t taking it to restaurants and banks and getting it into circulation.”

The coin shortage is just the latest shortage for a nation reeling from the coronavirus pandemic. Previously, consumers had to deal with a lack of toilet paper followed by a shortage of meat and poultry caused by the closing of meat processing plants.

Here’s what you need to know about the coin shortage.

How did the coin shortage happen?

The problem is two-pronged: The U.S. Mint significantly reduced its production of coins after implementing safety measures to protect its employees from the coronavirus. Consumers are also depositing fewer coins at U.S. financial institutions, according to the Federal Reserve.

Because of coronavirus fears, many people have switched to using credit cards and mobile payments to avoid handling money. Meanwhile, the shutdown also forced some businesses to close that would normally help keep coins moving.

“With establishments like retail shops, bank branches, transit authorities, and laundromats closed, the typical places where coin enters our society have slowed or even stopped the normal circulation of coin,” Michael White, a spokesman for the U.S. Mint, said in a statement.

On June 15, the Federal Reserve said it would start capping the amount of coins it allots to banks and financial institutions. The measure is expected to be temporary and based on institutions’ historical orders.

When will the coin shortage end?

The Federal Reserve and the U.S. Mint along with other financial groups are working to fix the problem. But it’s unclear when the shortage will end.

“We feel like we’re making progress,” Jerome Powell, chair of the Federal Reserve, said in June at a House Financial Services Committee hearing. “It’s been something that we’ve been working on.”

On June 30, the Fed announced that a task force would create a plan to deal with the problem. The task force, comprised of leaders from big banks, associations, the Fed, and the Department of the Treasury, had its first meeting on July 10 and is expected to share a list of recommendations in early August.

Some of the questions the group is mulling over: “Did the pandemic throw a curveball, and do we need to rethink the way coins are stored or delivered? Are there ways to streamline the supply chain to get coin out now? How do we alter the supply chain to push coin out?” said ICBA’s Whaley, who is on the task force.

Meanwhile, the U.S. Mint returned to full production in mid-June and expects to produce 19.8 billion coins by the end of the year—7.4 billion more than last year.

What should consumers do in the meantime?

While the Fed works to improve coin inventory and the U.S. Mint churns out more coins, there is one big part of the problem that still needs addressing: consumers.

Whaley said consumers should consider depositing their coins at a bank or spending them at a local business to get coins back in circulation. “If they’ve got coin in a rainy-day fund, I can’t think of a better rainy day than where we are right now,” he said.

The challenge will be the biggest for businesses, which are running short on coins and may not be able to get their full order of coins from banks. But some businesses are finding ways around the problem. Kroger, for example, is giving customers digital change on a customer loyalty card, which can be redeemed on their next trip to the store.

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