《财富》最新数据：此次失业潮中，黑人失业率是白人两倍
黑人男子乔治•弗洛伊德被一名白人警察戴上手铐跪压致死后，全美各地的抗议者纷纷走上街头，要求为弗洛伊德伸张正义。抗议者呼吁人们关注警方执法时对美国黑人的不公平待遇。而与此同时，美国也遭遇了前所未有的经济冲击，有色人种受到的打击比白人更加严重。
《财富》杂志联合SurveyMonkey在5月20日至26日期间对4109名美国成年人展开的一项调研显示，黑人被解雇或被迫无薪休假的几率是白人的两倍。自新冠肺炎疫情爆发以来，受访者中有24%的黑人表示自己失去了工作，而拉美裔、亚裔和白人的这一比例分别为20%、19%和11%。
不同行业受疫情影响的程度不一。游轮、餐饮、零售、美甲等服务业和旅游业企业受到的冲击最大，其中有许多雇主极其依赖非白人工人。
例如在疫情爆发前，希尔顿酒店的5万多名员工中，有69%是有色人种。因此，当这家连锁酒店安排数万名员工无薪休假时，有色人种受到的影响尤其严重。
除了失业比例不均外，不同人种遭减薪的人数也不平均。据《财富》杂志与SurveyMonkey的调研显示，有28%的白人被迫减工或减薪，但拉美裔、黑人和亚裔中的这一数字分别达29%、31%和37%。
到目前为止，在保住了工作的黑人中，56%的受访者仍然担心自己会失去工作，而白人的这一比例为35%。绝大多数拉美裔和亚裔也担心他们会失业，两者比例分别为57%和66%。
这种不均衡的经济下滑现象已经体现在了就业报告里。美国官方公布的4月份失业率达14.7%。但其中，白人失业率为14.2%，亚裔、拉美裔和黑人的失业率则分别为14.5%、18.9%和16.7%。然而官方的失业率统计仅截止到4月中旬，自那以后，又有1430万名美国人申领了失业救济金。这将使5月份的失业率变得更高，并可能进一步拉大不同种族失业比例的差距。
*研究方法：《财富》杂志联合SurveyMonkey在5月20日至26日期间展开调研。问卷以4109位美国成年人为样本，模型误差估计上下浮动不超过2.5个百分点。调查结果对年龄、种族、性别、教育和地域做了加权计算。（财富中文网）
译者：智竑
黑人男子乔治•弗洛伊德被一名白人警察戴上手铐跪压致死后，全美各地的抗议者纷纷走上街头，要求为弗洛伊德伸张正义。抗议者呼吁人们关注警方执法时对美国黑人的不公平待遇。而与此同时，美国也遭遇了前所未有的经济冲击，有色人种受到的打击比白人更加严重。
《财富》杂志联合SurveyMonkey在5月20日至26日期间对4109名美国成年人展开的一项调研显示，黑人被解雇或被迫无薪休假的几率是白人的两倍。自新冠肺炎疫情爆发以来，受访者中有24%的黑人表示自己失去了工作，而拉美裔、亚裔和白人的这一比例分别为20%、19%和11%。
美国人反映其就业情况受疫情影响的程度。数据来源：《财富》杂志与SurveyMonkey联合调研
不同行业受疫情影响的程度不一。游轮、餐饮、零售、美甲等服务业和旅游业企业受到的冲击最大，其中有许多雇主极其依赖非白人工人。
例如在疫情爆发前，希尔顿酒店的5万多名员工中，有69%是有色人种。因此，当这家连锁酒店安排数万名员工无薪休假时，有色人种受到的影响尤其严重。
除了失业比例不均外，不同人种遭减薪的人数也不平均。据《财富》杂志与SurveyMonkey的调研显示，有28%的白人被迫减工或减薪，但拉美裔、黑人和亚裔中的这一数字分别达29%、31%和37%。
美国人是否担心他们会因为疫情而失去工作。数据来源：《财富》杂志与SurveyMonkey联合调研
到目前为止，在保住了工作的黑人中，56%的受访者仍然担心自己会失去工作，而白人的这一比例为35%。绝大多数拉美裔和亚裔也担心他们会失业，两者比例分别为57%和66%。
这种不均衡的经济下滑现象已经体现在了就业报告里。美国官方公布的4月份失业率达14.7%。但其中，白人失业率为14.2%，亚裔、拉美裔和黑人的失业率则分别为14.5%、18.9%和16.7%。然而官方的失业率统计仅截止到4月中旬，自那以后，又有1430万名美国人申领了失业救济金。这将使5月份的失业率变得更高，并可能进一步拉大不同种族失业比例的差距。
*研究方法：《财富》杂志联合SurveyMonkey在5月20日至26日期间展开调研。问卷以4109位美国成年人为样本，模型误差估计上下浮动不超过2.5个百分点。调查结果对年龄、种族、性别、教育和地域做了加权计算。（财富中文网）
译者：智竑
Protesters across the country have taken to the streets of American cities to demand justice for George Floyd, a black man who died after being handcuffed and pinned to the ground by a white police officer. As protesters call attention to the nation’s uneven treatment of black Americans at the hands of law enforcement, the country is also in the midst of an unprecedented economic shock that is hitting communities of color harder than white Americans.
Black adults are twice as likely to have been laid off or furloughed as white adults, finds a Fortune-SurveyMonkey poll of 4,109 U.S. adults between May 20 and 26. Since the onset of the coronavirus outbreaks, 24% of black workers say they have lost their job compared with 20% of Hispanic workers, 19% of Asian workers, and 11% of white workers.
The coronavirus shutdowns were uneven. Businesses in the service and tourism industries—cruise lines, restaurants, retail stores, and nail salons—tended to be hit the hardest, and many of those rely heavily on nonwhite workers.
For instance, of the more than 50,000 people employed at Hilton before the crisis, 69% are people of color. So when the hotel chain furloughed tens of thousands of its workers, those groups were disproportionately impacted.
And it’s not just unequal job losses—pay cuts have also been unequally doled out. The Fortune-SurveyMonkey poll finds that while 28% of white workers got their hours or pay cut, that rose to 29% of Hispanic workers, 31% of black workers, and 37% of Asian workers.
And among black workers who have retained their jobs thus far, 56% are still worried about losing them. Meanwhile, that figure is 35% among white workers. The majority of Hispanic and Asian workers are also worried about losing their job, at 57% and 66%, respectively.
This uneven economic downturn has already manifested itself in the jobs reports. The official April unemployment rate stood at 14.7%. But among white workers the jobless rate was 14.2%, compared with 14.5% for Asians, 18.9% for Hispanics, and 16.7% among black workers. But that official jobless rate is through just mid-April. Since then, another 14.3 million Americans have claimed unemployment benefits. That will push the jobless rate even higher in May, and could further increase the racial unemployment gap.
*Methodology: The Fortune-SurveyMonkey poll was conducted among a national sample of 4,109 adults in the U.S. between May 20 and 26. This survey’s modeled error estimate is plus or minus 2.5 percentage points. The findings have been weighted for age, race, sex, education, and geography.
