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日本陷入衰退,但是比美国和加拿大强

日本陷入衰退,但是比美国和加拿大强

Yuko Takeo, 彭博社 2020-05-19
经济学家认为,在日本的居家令彻底解除之前,无论政府向国民砸多少钱,都不会带来报复性经济增长。

受疫情影响,日本第一季度的经济表现已经陷入技术意义上的衰退。在未来,如果日本每家每户继续缩减生活必需品开支,各类企业继续缩小对外投资规模,社会生产力和雇佣率持续低迷,这种衰退还会进一步加深。

日本内阁府周一公布的数据显示,2020年1月至3月,由于出口下滑、国民消费欲望走低,日本国内生产总值(GDP)扣除物价因素后环比下降0.9%,按年率计算降幅为3.4%,略好于预期的4.5%。

继去年第四季度GDP按年率计算下滑7.3%后,日本已经出现连续两个季度的GDP负增长。日本经济学者及内阁官员一致认为,更严重的经济萎缩还将出现在今年第二季度。

日本首相安倍晋三于4月宣布全国进入紧急状态,但两个季度的GDP双连降,证实了这个全球第三大经济体在进入紧急状态前就已经陷入衰退。分析师预计,在未来三个月里,日本经济还将萎缩21.5%,创下自1955年以来的最低纪录。

“毫无疑问,下一个季度的情况还会一落千丈。”农林中金总和研究所(Norinchukin Research Institute)的经济学者南武志说,“很多企业的现金流很紧张,导致商业投资还是会疲软,大量员工会担忧自己的薪资问题。”

这场危机迫使日本政府紧急出台了总计达117万亿日元(1.1万亿美元)的经济刺激政策,总额占了其当季GDP的20%,堪称史无前例。

更多扶持计划

数据一经发布,日本经济产业大臣西村康稔就表示,政府会迅速出台第二轮经济刺激计划,继续留出一部分的财政预算用于扶持国民经济,这些新资金将作为中小企业的租金津贴以及未裁员公司的薪酬补助。然而,这项计划距离日本上一轮的财政拨款才刚刚过去了几个星期,势必意味着日本在今后会背负巨额的国债。

随着财政支出的不断增加,日本央行在上月上调了政府债券的购买上限。预计该行最早可能会在本周的紧急会议上,再推出另一项针对中小企业的贷款计划。

尽管危机四伏,但日本截至目前的表现还是要优于美国和加拿大。第一季度,美国GDP的跌幅为4.8%,下一季度,美国和加拿大的GDP跌幅预计超过25%。

近期,日本的疫情状况也慢慢趋于平稳。除了东京和一些人口密集的经济中心以外,日本47个都道府县中已经有39个解除了紧急状态。

至于日本新一轮的经济刺激政策是否能行之有效,尚有待观察。根据日生基础研究所(NLI)经济学家齐藤太郎的说法,在日本的居家令彻底解除之前,无论政府向国民砸多少钱,都不会带来报复性经济增长。

“现在最重要的是花钱减低国民失业率和企业破产率。”齐藤太郎说道,“我们还没有走到能够通过央行的货币宽松政策提振经济的阶段,日本央行下一步要做的是帮助企业融资。”

贸易出口下滑

贸易出口一直都是日本经济增长的主要动力,但现在日本政府所能做出的改善微乎其微。由于疫情形势的不明朗,几大海外市场的复业时断时续。

从内阁府周一公布的数据来看,第一季度日本的非年化出口额下跌了6%。根据一些依赖出口的汽车制造商和其他厂商的业绩预测,下一季度出口额的降幅会更加巨大。日本最大的车企丰田汽车预计本公司这一财年的利润将会下滑80%。

在日本国内市场方面,经济学者南武志认为,即便是在紧急状态全部解除之后,出于企业对经营利润以及员工对薪酬变动的担忧,国民消费也不会很快回暖。第一季度,日本国民个人消费支出下滑了0.7%,未来只会更加糟糕。

此外,游客的减少也令日本丧失了另一大主要经济来源。第一季度,日本境外游客消费金额的跌幅达到42%之多,以后的日子也不容乐观。(财富中文网)

编译:陈怡轩

受疫情影响,日本第一季度的经济表现已经陷入技术意义上的衰退。在未来,如果日本每家每户继续缩减生活必需品开支,各类企业继续缩小对外投资规模,社会生产力和雇佣率持续低迷,这种衰退还会进一步加深。

日本内阁府周一公布的数据显示,2020年1月至3月,由于出口下滑、国民消费欲望走低,日本国内生产总值(GDP)扣除物价因素后环比下降0.9%,按年率计算降幅为3.4%,略好于预期的4.5%。

继去年第四季度GDP按年率计算下滑7.3%后,日本已经出现连续两个季度的GDP负增长。日本经济学者及内阁官员一致认为,更严重的经济萎缩还将出现在今年第二季度。

日本首相安倍晋三于4月宣布全国进入紧急状态,但两个季度的GDP双连降,证实了这个全球第三大经济体在进入紧急状态前就已经陷入衰退。分析师预计,在未来三个月里,日本经济还将萎缩21.5%,创下自1955年以来的最低纪录。

“毫无疑问,下一个季度的情况还会一落千丈。”农林中金总和研究所(Norinchukin Research Institute)的经济学者南武志说,“很多企业的现金流很紧张,导致商业投资还是会疲软,大量员工会担忧自己的薪资问题。”

这场危机迫使日本政府紧急出台了总计达117万亿日元(1.1万亿美元)的经济刺激政策,总额占了其当季GDP的20%,堪称史无前例。

更多扶持计划

数据一经发布,日本经济产业大臣西村康稔就表示,政府会迅速出台第二轮经济刺激计划,继续留出一部分的财政预算用于扶持国民经济,这些新资金将作为中小企业的租金津贴以及未裁员公司的薪酬补助。然而,这项计划距离日本上一轮的财政拨款才刚刚过去了几个星期,势必意味着日本在今后会背负巨额的国债。

随着财政支出的不断增加,日本央行在上月上调了政府债券的购买上限。预计该行最早可能会在本周的紧急会议上,再推出另一项针对中小企业的贷款计划。

尽管危机四伏,但日本截至目前的表现还是要优于美国和加拿大。第一季度,美国GDP的跌幅为4.8%,下一季度,美国和加拿大的GDP跌幅预计超过25%。

近期,日本的疫情状况也慢慢趋于平稳。除了东京和一些人口密集的经济中心以外,日本47个都道府县中已经有39个解除了紧急状态。

至于日本新一轮的经济刺激政策是否能行之有效,尚有待观察。根据日生基础研究所(NLI)经济学家齐藤太郎的说法,在日本的居家令彻底解除之前,无论政府向国民砸多少钱,都不会带来报复性经济增长。

“现在最重要的是花钱减低国民失业率和企业破产率。”齐藤太郎说道,“我们还没有走到能够通过央行的货币宽松政策提振经济的阶段,日本央行下一步要做的是帮助企业融资。”

贸易出口下滑

贸易出口一直都是日本经济增长的主要动力,但现在日本政府所能做出的改善微乎其微。由于疫情形势的不明朗,几大海外市场的复业时断时续。

从内阁府周一公布的数据来看,第一季度日本的非年化出口额下跌了6%。根据一些依赖出口的汽车制造商和其他厂商的业绩预测,下一季度出口额的降幅会更加巨大。日本最大的车企丰田汽车预计本公司这一财年的利润将会下滑80%。

在日本国内市场方面,经济学者南武志认为,即便是在紧急状态全部解除之后,出于企业对经营利润以及员工对薪酬变动的担忧,国民消费也不会很快回暖。第一季度,日本国民个人消费支出下滑了0.7%,未来只会更加糟糕。

此外,游客的减少也令日本丧失了另一大主要经济来源。第一季度,日本境外游客消费金额的跌幅达到42%之多,以后的日子也不容乐观。(财富中文网)

编译:陈怡轩

Japan’s economy sank last quarter into a recession that’s likely to deepen further as households limit spending to essentials and companies cut investment, production and hiring to stay afloat amid the coronavirus pandemic.

Gross domestic product shrank an annualized 3.4% in the three months through March from the previous quarter as exports slid and social distancing crimped consumer spending, Cabinet Office figures showed Monday. On a non-annualized basis, the economy shrank 0.9% from the fourth quarter.

While the result was slightly better than an expected 4.5% drop, helped by a downgrade of the previous quarter’s contraction, economists and policy makers agree that worse is in store in the current quarter.

Two consecutive quarters of shrinking GDP confirm that the world’s third-largest economy fell into a recession even before Prime Minister Shinzo Abe’s April declaration of national emergency. Analysts see a 21.5% contraction in the three months through June, a record for official data going back to 1955.

“There’s no doubt that this quarter has gotten much worse,” said economist Takeshi Minami at Norinchukin Research Institute. “Companies are struggling to secure funding and that suggests business investment will remain weak and many workers are concerned about their wages.”

The crisis has put pressure on policy makers to step up stimulus measures that, at a record 117 trillion yen ($1.1 trillion), already total more than 20% of GDP.

More Aid

Economy Minister Yasutoshi Nishimura, speaking Monday after the GDP report, said government is aiming to pass a second extra budget swiftly to get more aid to the economy.

The new money, coming only weeks after the passage of a first supplementary budget, is expected to provide rent support for small businesses and bigger subsidies for firms that don’t fire workers. It will also add to the developed world’s heaviest public debt burden.

The Bank of Japan last month lifted its ceiling on government bond purchases as the government ramps up spending. The BOJ is also expected to introduce another lending program for small companies at an emergency meeting that could come as early as this week.

Despite the rising sense of crisis, Japan so far appears to be doing less badly than other major economies. The U.S. and Canada are both forecast to shrink more than 25% this quarter, while the U.S. contracted 4.8% in the first three months of the year.

In recent days, rates of new virus infections have plunged in Japan and the government last week lifted its state of emergency for 39 of Japan’s 47 prefectures, although Tokyo and other dense economic centers still remain under heavy restrictions.

Until stay-at-home requests are lifted, policy makers won’t be able to spur growth no matter how much money is spent, according to economist Taro Saito at NLI Research Institute.

“For now, they have to spend money to prevent job losses and bankruptcies,” Saito said. “We’re not at a stage where the Bank of Japan can boost demand with monetary easing, and the BOJ will focus on corporate financing for now.”

Export Slide

Japan’s policy makers also have little control over the world’s demand for the country’s exports, a main driver of growth that could stay depressed for a long time. Even though key overseas markets are starting to reopen from lockdowns, progress will come in fits and starts, with the risk of new infection waves looming

Monday’s report showed exports dropped 6% last quarter on a non-annualized basis, but earnings forecasts from automakers and other manufacturers suggest the decline is likely to steepen. Toyota Motor Corp., Japan’s largest company, sees profits tumbling 80% this fiscal year

On the domestic side, spending isn’t likely to pick up quickly even after the state of emergency because of the bleak outlook for corporate profits and also wages, according to Norinchukin economist Minami. Last quarter, private consumption slid 0.7% with worse likely ahead.

Dwindling numbers of foreign tourists, whose spending has been a key prop to growth in recent years, is another major concern. Spending by visitors from overseas slid 42% last quarter, according to the Japan Tourism Agency, and the drop is likely to have worsened since.

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