记者的悲惨世界

记者的工作是充当目击者，有时候甚至是在危险的局势中充当目击者。

事实的确如此：记者保护委员会（CPJ）称，因其报道而登上报复性谋杀黑名单的记者数量在去年几乎翻了一番，达到了34人。自从1992年以来，1300多名记者都因其工作而遭到杀害，其中超过850起都是谋杀。

记者保护委员会跟踪记者的三类因公死亡事件：报复性谋杀、在战斗中阵亡，以及因参加危险任务而牺牲（例如报道抗议事件）。在上述三类因工作殉职的领域，该委员会拥有大量的案例，这一点说明我们正在经历全球性的新闻自由危机。

这也是为什么《财富》杂志加入自由新闻统一联盟（One Free Press Coalition）的原因。该组织由十多个领先的新闻机构组成（包括美联社、路透社、《金融时报》、《时代》和《福布斯》等），这些机构曾经宣誓借助其共同的受众，为那些因工作而遭到攻击的记者提供支持。

《财富》杂志主编克黎克腾表示：“杂志和新闻编辑热衷于‘向有权人说真话’，但在世界很多地区，我们往往很容易忘记这句话的含义，因为报道和讲述这类真话是一种壮烈、无私的勇敢行为。《财富》杂志十分荣幸加入自由新闻统一联盟，我们十分感激有机会与同事并肩作战，在全球范围内加强对记者的保护。向有权人说真话依然是一项重要的使命，但不应成为一件生死攸关的事情。”

不久前，该联盟发布了其第二份10大最紧迫记者案例清单，这些记者因其工作而遭到监禁、威胁或面临不公平待遇。这个清单并未完结，而且每月都会修订。

米洛斯拉瓦·布里奇·威尔杜西亚，《墨西哥每日报》记者（墨西哥）

这名已故的记者因报道政客与有组织犯罪之间的关联，于2017年3月在奇瓦瓦州遭到谋杀。在她遇害之前，她因报道腐败和政治而多次遭到威胁。

玛利亚·雷萨，新闻网站Rappler创始人（菲律宾）

菲律宾国家调查官署于2月依据菲律宾司法部提交的诋毁官司案件逮捕了雷萨。（她在第二天被释放，但该网站依然面临报复性的税赋。）本月，菲律宾当局发布了逮捕Rappler网站编辑与高管的逮捕令，包括雷萨，罪名为违反禁止外资持有新闻机构的法律。

塔兰·提·恩加，人权博客（越南）

在经历了一天的审判之后，该记者因“散播不利于国家的言论”的罪名被判以9年监禁，原因在于该记者制作了谴责当局参与向环境排放有毒物质和政府腐败的视频。

阿兹穆恩·阿斯卡罗夫，记者（吉尔吉斯斯坦）

他因报道违反人权问题，已在监狱呆了9年的时间。尽管受到国际谴责，吉尔吉斯斯坦官方依然维持其终身监禁的宣判。

拉娜·阿宇布，记者（印度）

这位直言不讳的独立记者一直都是其报道反对者持续、联合骚扰的目标。她是《古吉拉特邦档案：剖析被掩盖的真相》一文的作者，这是一篇历时8个月的秘密调查，揭示了2002年暴力事件（死亡至少1000人）中印度政府的共犯关系。

米盖尔·莫拉与露西亚·品尼达·乌保，100% Noticias记者（尼加拉瓜）

去年12月，尼加拉瓜警察突袭了这家电视台，逮捕了编导莫拉和新闻总监品尼达·乌保。这两人目前被指控犯有“煽动仇恨与暴力”罪。

安娜·尼米利阿诺，《朱巴观察报》编辑（南苏丹）

这位新闻编辑一直生活在威胁当中，而她也一直努力帮助其因报道入狱的同事出狱。政府一直在下令关闭这家报社。

阿马德·阿布巴卡，电台记者（莫桑比克）

阿布巴卡在1月遭到逮捕，当时他正在北部德尔加杜角省拍摄躲避军事袭击的众多家庭。他依然处于审讯前的关押阶段。

克劳迪娅·杜克，调查记者（哥伦比亚）

这位资深记者因其捍卫人权的报道，经历了绑架、非法监控、心理折磨以及流放。法庭已经认定哥伦比亚安保部队中的三名官员犯有折磨杜克及其女儿的罪行，还有多名官员正在接受审讯。

奥斯曼·木格哈尼，Al-Tayar报社主编（苏丹）

苏丹官方在2月逮捕了这位记者，但未透露罪名，且其健康在狱中恶化。他在3月底被释放。在被逮捕之前，木格哈尼一直在报道苏丹的抗议活动。

上个月的首发名单还包括沙特女权博客艾曼·阿尔·纳福金。虽然有关方面并未撤销指控艾曼的罪名，但她于最近走出了沙特监狱。（财富中文网）

译者：冯丰

审校：夏林

It’s a journalist’s job to bear witness, even when doing so is dangerous business.

And it is indeed: The number of journalists targeted for murder in reprisal for their reporting nearly doubled last year, according to the Committee to Protect Journalists, to 34. Since 1992, more than 1,300 journalists have been killed in connection to their work; more than 850 were murders.

The CPJ tracks three types of journalist deaths on the job: reprisal murders, deaths in combat, and deaths on dangerous assignment (such as covering a protest). That the committee has enough examples to warrant three categories is a sign that we are experiencing a global crisis of press freedom.

That’s why FORTUNE has joined the One Free Press Coalition, an organization of more than a dozen leading news organizations (including the Associated Press, Reuters, Financial Times, Time, and Forbes) who vow to use their collective audience to stand up for journalists under attack for doing their work.

“We magazine and newspaper editors love to talk about ‘speaking truth to power,’ but we too often forget what those words mean in much of the world, where reporting and speaking such truth is an act of stunning and selfless bravery,” says Fortune editor-in-chief Clifton Leaf. “FORTUNE is honored to join the One Free Press Coalition, and we’re grateful for the chance to work alongside our colleagues to push for greater protections for journalists around the globe. Speaking truth to power remains a crucial mission. It shouldn’t be a life-or-death one.”

On Monday, the coalition published its second-ever list of the 10 most urgent examples of journalists who are incarcerated, under threat, or facing injustice for their work. That list follows, and will be revised monthly.

Miroslava Breach Velducea, correspondent, La Jornada (Mexico)

The late correspondent was murdered in the state of Chihuahua in March 2017 for her reporting on the links between politicians and organized crime. Before her death, she had received several threats for her reporting on corruption and politics.

Maria Ressa, founder of Rappler (The Philippines)

National Bureau of Investigation officers arrested Ressa in February over a libel case brought against her by the country’s Justice Department. (She was released the next day, but the publication still faces retaliatory tax charges.) This month, authorities issued arrest warrants against Rappler’s editors and executives, including Ressa, for violating laws barring foreign ownership of media.

Tran Thi Nga, human rights blogger (Vietnam)

The journalist was sentenced to nine years in prison—after a one-day trial—on charges of “spreading propaganda against the state” after producing videos critical of authorities’ involvement in toxic environmental spills and government corruption.

Azimjon Askarov, journalist (Kyrgyzstan)

He has spent nearly nine years in prison for his reporting on human rights violations. Despite international condemnation, Kyrgyz authorities have upheld his life sentence.

Rana Ayyub, journalist (India)

The outspoken independent journalist has been the target of continual, coordinated harassment by those who disagree with her reporting. She is the author of Gujarat Files: Anatomy of a Cover Up, an eight-month undercover investigation revealing government complicity during violent riots in India that killed at least 1,000 people in 2002.

Miguel Mora and Lucia Pineda Ubau, journalists at 100% Noticias (Nicaragua)

In December, Nicaraguan police raided the television station and arrested director Mora and news director Pineda Ubau. Both are currently held on charges of “inciting hate and violence.”

Anna Nimiriano, editor of Juba Monitor (South Sudan)

The newspaper editor lives under constant threat as she works to keep her colleagues out of jail for their reporting. She has been ordered by the government to shut down the paper.

Amade Abubacar, radio journalist (Mozambique)

Abubacar was arrested in January while photographing families fleeing militant attacks in northern Cabo Delgado province. He continues to be held in detention without trial.

Claudia Duque, investigative reporter (Colombia)

The veteran reporter endured kidnapping, illegal surveillance, psychological torture, and exile for her work defending human rights. Courts convicted three officers of the Colombian security forces for the torture of Duque and her daughter; several more are on trial.

Osman Mirghani, editor-in-chief of Al-Tayar (Sudan)

Sudanese authorities arrested the journalist in February on unspecified charges, and his health deteriorated in prison. He was released on the end of March. Before his arrest, Mirghani had been reporting on protests in Sudan.

Last month’s inaugural list also included Eman Al Nafjan, a prominent women’s rights blogger in Saudi Arabia. Though the charges against her have not been dropped, Eman was recently released from a Saudi Arabia prison.