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别把耳机的声音调太大,可能会永久损害听力

别把耳机的声音调太大,可能会永久损害听力

Alexa Mikhail 2022-11-18
长期暴露于高强度噪音环境中会损害听力。

图片来源:FIORDALISO—GETTY IMAGES

小时候,在自驾游时,我姐姐总是恼怒地推我一把,因为她能够听到我的耳机里传来的音乐声。我相信我不是唯一一个在听音乐时把音量调得有点大的人。也许你已经无视那些在地铁里盯着你看的人,他们可以清楚地听到你耳机里播放的摇滚乐即兴演奏会,或者你父母对你的警告:持续的音乐节奏可能对你的耳膜有害。新的研究重申了这种担忧,并指出全球超过10亿青壮年和青少年可能因为他们的个人收听设备(PLDs)或耳机,或者参加音乐会等娱乐场所活动而面临听力损失的风险。

该研究的作者、南卡罗来纳医科大学(Medical University of South Carolina)的博士后研究员劳伦·迪拉德博士对《财富》杂志表示:“很多人显然都过度暴露于噪音环境,这可能会对他们的健康产生不利影响。”他说,长期暴露于高强度噪音环境中会损害听力。

这项研究于11月15日发表在《BMJ全球卫生》(BMJ Global Health)上,分析了过去20年里30多项与不良听力习惯有关的研究,这些习惯包括戴耳机或者参加很吵的娱乐活动。在分析中,不良听力习惯盛行,24%源于戴耳机,近50%源于前往嘈杂的娱乐场合。共有20个国家的近2万名12岁至34岁的参与者参与了这项研究。研究发现,全球各地有6.7亿至13.5亿的年轻人可能因为戴耳机或者暴露在嘈杂的场所而面临听力损失的风险。

该研究尚未完全掌握娱乐噪音是否会直接导致永久性听力损失,但根据研究,自主暴露于噪音,比如听音乐的音量有多高,与“听力阈值的变化”之间存在关联。迪拉德称,戴耳机或者参加很吵的音乐会可能会导致耳鸣,即耳朵里会有嗡嗡声或暂时性听力丧失。如果听力恢复正常,人们可能就会忽略这种暂时的嗡嗡声。然而,一些研究表明,随着时间的推移,暴露与噪音环境会损害感觉细胞,尽管可能需要几年时间才能够注意到任何实质性的变化。

她说:“这是一种渐进的过程,所以立即判别出来这种症状未必容易做到。从长远来看,你可能会面临永久性损伤的风险。”

智能手机的普及让持续使用耳机变成常态,世界卫生组织(World Health Organization)发出警告称,近年来面临听力损失风险的年轻人数量可能有所增加。世界卫生组织发现,近50%的青壮年或青少年在使用耳机时音量调得过高,并且于2015年推出了“注重收听安全”(Make Listening Safe)的活动,以推广安全收听习惯;监测和限制收听音量、收听时长和收听频率。那么,什么级别的音量才是安全的呢?

与高音量相比,低音量可以听更长的时间。例如,根据世界卫生组织的建议,地铁的声音每天只应该听15分钟。一般的指导意见是80分贝(dB)的声音每周能够听40个小时,但这个建议可能因地区而异。如果你要听92分贝的声音(可以通过耳机听),那么就应该控制在每周2.5小时。

当你听音乐的音量太高时,iPhone的健康应用程序还会提醒你。根据世界卫生组织的建议,这款健康应用程序上的暴露限值是75分贝的声音每周能够听127小时,80分贝的声音每周可以听40小时,或者110分贝的声音每周能够听2分钟。因为耳机里的音乐可以达到100分贝或者更高,音量应该在很少情况下调到最大。许多人用耳机听音乐时的音量超过75分贝,而酒吧、俱乐部和音乐会的嘈杂声超过100分贝。

作者写道:“政府、行业和民间社会迫切需要推广安全收听习惯来预防全球听力损失,这是优先事项。”

近年来,预防听力损失的工作取得了进展。迪拉德希望人们意识到,他们有能力改变收听习惯,以帮助降低听力损失的风险。参加嘈杂的活动时戴上耳塞,如果可能的话就戴上降噪耳机,把音量调到最低,定期做听力检查,这些都会有所帮助。她认为,这也是一个公共健康问题,在大型场馆组织演出时应该考虑到这一点。

迪拉德说:“我真的鼓励人们从长远的角度考虑自己的健康和听力健康,因为我们迫切想要避免听力损失带来的影响。”她指出,听力损失会如何影响你在日常生活中的互动能力。“就听力损失而言,暴露于噪音环境非常重要的一点是,这是能够避免的。”(财富中文网)

译者:中慧言-王芳

小时候,在自驾游时,我姐姐总是恼怒地推我一把,因为她能够听到我的耳机里传来的音乐声。我相信我不是唯一一个在听音乐时把音量调得有点大的人。也许你已经无视那些在地铁里盯着你看的人,他们可以清楚地听到你耳机里播放的摇滚乐即兴演奏会,或者你父母对你的警告:持续的音乐节奏可能对你的耳膜有害。新的研究重申了这种担忧,并指出全球超过10亿青壮年和青少年可能因为他们的个人收听设备(PLDs)或耳机,或者参加音乐会等娱乐场所活动而面临听力损失的风险。

该研究的作者、南卡罗来纳医科大学(Medical University of South Carolina)的博士后研究员劳伦·迪拉德博士对《财富》杂志表示:“很多人显然都过度暴露于噪音环境,这可能会对他们的健康产生不利影响。”他说,长期暴露于高强度噪音环境中会损害听力。

这项研究于11月15日发表在《BMJ全球卫生》(BMJ Global Health)上,分析了过去20年里30多项与不良听力习惯有关的研究,这些习惯包括戴耳机或者参加很吵的娱乐活动。在分析中,不良听力习惯盛行,24%源于戴耳机,近50%源于前往嘈杂的娱乐场合。共有20个国家的近2万名12岁至34岁的参与者参与了这项研究。研究发现,全球各地有6.7亿至13.5亿的年轻人可能因为戴耳机或者暴露在嘈杂的场所而面临听力损失的风险。

该研究尚未完全掌握娱乐噪音是否会直接导致永久性听力损失,但根据研究,自主暴露于噪音,比如听音乐的音量有多高,与“听力阈值的变化”之间存在关联。迪拉德称,戴耳机或者参加很吵的音乐会可能会导致耳鸣,即耳朵里会有嗡嗡声或暂时性听力丧失。如果听力恢复正常,人们可能就会忽略这种暂时的嗡嗡声。然而,一些研究表明,随着时间的推移,暴露与噪音环境会损害感觉细胞,尽管可能需要几年时间才能够注意到任何实质性的变化。

她说:“这是一种渐进的过程,所以立即判别出来这种症状未必容易做到。从长远来看,你可能会面临永久性损伤的风险。”

智能手机的普及让持续使用耳机变成常态,世界卫生组织(World Health Organization)发出警告称,近年来面临听力损失风险的年轻人数量可能有所增加。世界卫生组织发现,近50%的青壮年或青少年在使用耳机时音量调得过高,并且于2015年推出了“注重收听安全”(Make Listening Safe)的活动,以推广安全收听习惯;监测和限制收听音量、收听时长和收听频率。那么,什么级别的音量才是安全的呢?

与高音量相比,低音量可以听更长的时间。例如,根据世界卫生组织的建议,地铁的声音每天只应该听15分钟。一般的指导意见是80分贝(dB)的声音每周能够听40个小时,但这个建议可能因地区而异。如果你要听92分贝的声音(可以通过耳机听),那么就应该控制在每周2.5小时。

当你听音乐的音量太高时,iPhone的健康应用程序还会提醒你。根据世界卫生组织的建议,这款健康应用程序上的暴露限值是75分贝的声音每周能够听127小时,80分贝的声音每周可以听40小时,或者110分贝的声音每周能够听2分钟。因为耳机里的音乐可以达到100分贝或者更高,音量应该在很少情况下调到最大。许多人用耳机听音乐时的音量超过75分贝,而酒吧、俱乐部和音乐会的嘈杂声超过100分贝。

作者写道:“政府、行业和民间社会迫切需要推广安全收听习惯来预防全球听力损失,这是优先事项。”

近年来,预防听力损失的工作取得了进展。迪拉德希望人们意识到,他们有能力改变收听习惯,以帮助降低听力损失的风险。参加嘈杂的活动时戴上耳塞,如果可能的话就戴上降噪耳机,把音量调到最低,定期做听力检查,这些都会有所帮助。她认为,这也是一个公共健康问题,在大型场馆组织演出时应该考虑到这一点。

迪拉德说:“我真的鼓励人们从长远的角度考虑自己的健康和听力健康,因为我们迫切想要避免听力损失带来的影响。”她指出,听力损失会如何影响你在日常生活中的互动能力。“就听力损失而言,暴露于噪音环境非常重要的一点是,这是能够避免的。”(财富中文网)

译者:中慧言-王芳

My sister always gave me an irritated nudge when we were younger on road trips because she could hear the music blasting from my headphones on her side of the car. I’m sure I’m not the only one who’s been listening to music a bit too loudly. Maybe you’ve been ignoring the people who stare at you across the subway who can clearly hear your jams or the alarm bells from your parents telling you the constant beats could be harmful to your eardrums. New research echoes the concerns and suggests that over 1 billion young adults and adolescents globally may be at risk for hearing loss because of their personal listening devices (PLDs), or headphones, or for attending entertainment venues like concerts.

“This overexposure that a lot of people clearly are engaging in can have detrimental effects on their health,” Dr. Lauren Dillard, author of the study and a postdoctoral fellow at the Medical University of South Carolina, tells Fortune, and that exposure to loud sounds over time may lead to hearing loss down the road.

The study, published on November 15 in BMJ Global Health, analyzed over 30 studies from the past 20 years related to unsafe listening practices through either headphone usage or attendance at loud entertainment events. In the analysis, the prevalence of unsafe listening practices was about 24% from headphones and almost 50% from loud entertainment venues. A total of 20 countries were represented in the study, with nearly 20,000 participants ages 12 to 34. The study found that anywhere from 670 million to 1.35 billion young people could be at risk for hearing loss due to headphones or exposure to loud venues.

Research doesn’t fully capture whether or not recreational noise exposure can directly lead to permanent hearing loss, but there have been associations between voluntary noise exposure, like how loud you listen to music, and “changes in hearing thresholds” per the study. Using headphones or attending loud concerts can lead to tinnitus, which is described as a ringing sound in the ears, or temporary hearing loss, Dillard says. If sound comes back, people may dismiss the temporary ringing. However, some research shows that over time, the loud exposure can damage sensory cells, although it may take years to notice any substantial changes.

“It’s rather incremental and progressive, so it’s not necessarily easy to recognize right away,” she says. “You might be at risk for permanent damage in the long run.”

The rise in smartphone ownership led to the normalization of constant headphone usage, and the World Health Organization (WHO) sounds the alarm that the number of young people at risk for hearing loss may have grown in recent years. The WHO found nearly 50% of young adults or teens listen to unsafe levels of sound from headphones and in 2015 launched “Make Listening Safe” to promote safe listening practices: monitoring and limiting the loudness of sound consumed, the duration it is consumed, and how often it is consumed. So what levels of sound are considered safe?

Lower volumes can be listened to for a longer period of time compared to higher volumes. For example, the sound of a subway train should be listened to for only 15 minutes a day, according to the WHO. The general guidance is 80 decibels (dB) for 40 hours a week, but this recommendation can vary regionally. If you’re listening to 92 dB (which may be listened to through headphones), it should be kept to 2.5 hours a week.

The iPhone’s health app can also alert you when you’re listening to music that’s too loud. Adhering to the WHO’s recommendations, the exposure limit on the health app is 75 dB for 127 hours over seven days, 80 dB for 40 hours over seven days, or 110 dB for two minutes over seven days. Because the music in headphones can get to 100 dB or higher, the volume should seldom be at the maximum. Many people listen to their headphone music well over 75 dB, and the sounds blaring from bars, clubs, and concerts surpass 100 dB.

“There is an urgent need for governments, industry, and civil society to prioritize global hearing loss prevention by promoting safe listening practices,” the authors write.

Hearing loss prevention has gained momentum in recent years. Dillard hopes that people realize they have the ability to change listening habits to help lower their risk for hearing loss. Wearing earplugs to loud events, having noise-canceling headphones if possible, keeping audio levels at a minimum, and getting regular hearing checkups can help. It’s also a public health issue and something larger venues should keep in mind when curating their volumes, she says.

“I would just really encourage people to think a little bit more long term about their health and their hearing health because we really do want to avoid the impact of hearing loss,” Dillard says, noting how it can affect your ability to interact in daily life. “The thing that’s so important about noise exposure in terms of hearing loss is that it’s preventable.”

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