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300万美国人仍在逃避工作,他们可能在进行“长期社交隔离”

300万美国人仍在逃避工作,他们可能在进行“长期社交隔离”

JANE THIER 2022-11-02
自大流行席卷全球近三年来,对不断演变的变体和超级传播者事件的担忧已使约300万人失业。

天气越来越冷,美国人准备迎接疫情爆发后的第三个冬天,重返办公室办公的理由从未如此薄弱过。图片来源:DMITRY MARCHENKO—EYEEM/GETTY IMAGES

在所有关于办公室午餐的费用、睡眠不足和通勤的艰辛的讨论中,许多人已经忘记了抵制重返办公室办公的最初原因:担心感染新冠病毒。

WFH Research负责人尼古拉斯·布鲁姆(Nicholas Bloom)、何塞·玛丽亚·巴雷罗(Jose Maria Barrero)和史蒂文·戴维斯(Steven Davis)在美国国家经济研究局(National Bureau of Economic Research)发表的一篇新论文中指出,自大流行席卷全球近三年来,对不断演变的变体和超级传播者事件的担忧已使约300万人失业。仅在今年上半年,这一劳动力缺口就使美国的经济产出减少了2500亿美元。

在2022年2月至7月期间,研究人员进行的工作安排和态度调查(SWAA)中有55%的受访者表示,他们不会回归新冠疫情前的活动,如在室内用餐或乘坐拥挤的公共汽车或火车,因此他们将远离工作岗位。研究人员将这种行为描述为“长期社交隔离”,是大流行早期习惯的延伸。

巴雷罗、布鲁姆和戴维斯写道:“谨慎的人或有潜在健康状况的人,他们因新冠肺炎疫情而面临死亡或患严重疾病的风险更高,因此可以找到合理的、情有可原的理由继续甚至加强他们的社交隔离做法。”他们补充说,长期社交隔离的影响可能会持续数月甚至数年。

他们引用了2020年一项关于新冠肺炎疫情风险认知的调查,该调查发现,个人有感染经历或是朋友和家人有感染经历使人们更担心新冠肺炎疫情的高风险。为此,常见的现象是那些见识过新冠肺炎有多危险的人,会有“预防性健康行为”,比如进行社交隔离和戴口罩。

他们发现,年龄较大、收入较低、受正规教育最少的女性是最有可能进行长期社交隔离的群体,尤其是在远程工作机会较少的地区。

众所周知,拥有大学学位的人更有可能从事适合远程办公的工作,而不是那些需要面对面接触的工作。“因此,受过高等教育的人更容易在保持就业的同时实行完全或有限的社交隔离。”该论文表示。“此外,由于收入较高,受过良好教育的人可以更容易地避免与他人频繁接触的通勤模式。”

对新冠肺炎疫情保持警惕的人来说,这不是一个好时机

虽然这篇论文重点关注的是那些失业的人,但对新冠肺炎疫情的担忧可能也解释了为什么一些员工坚持继续居家办公。

据报道,最新的新冠病毒变体能够逃避针对早期毒株研发的疫苗,而且很少有人接种最新的加强针。在社会层面上,许多工作场所完全取消了针对疫情的限制措施,大多数主要城市取消了口罩令甚至接种疫苗要求。

自劳动节以来,高盛公司(Goldman Sachs)的员工就被允许进入办公室,无论员工是否接种疫苗,也不要求员工进行核酸检测或戴口罩。"现在有许多手段,包括接种疫苗、不断完善的治疗方法和测试,罹患严重疾病的风险大大降低。"这家著名的支持重返办公室办公的银行在一份内部备忘录中表示。

这使得免疫力低下或对新冠肺炎疫情特别慎重的员工更难在没有风险的情况下通勤上班和参加个人会议。

人力资源管理协会(Society For human resources Management)的首席人力资源官吉姆•林克(Jim Link)鼓励处于这种情况的员工与雇主开诚布公地就期望和舒适程度进行沟通。

林克在接受《财富》杂志采访时表示:“这种反反复复的沟通真正打开了思路,试图为公司文化、需要完成的工作、企业成功以及员工的需求、愿望和能力做出最佳决策。我们相信,这种讨论和对话将为公司和员工带来最好的结果。”(财富中文网)

译者:中慧言-王芳

在所有关于办公室午餐的费用、睡眠不足和通勤的艰辛的讨论中,许多人已经忘记了抵制重返办公室办公的最初原因:担心感染新冠病毒。

WFH Research负责人尼古拉斯·布鲁姆(Nicholas Bloom)、何塞·玛丽亚·巴雷罗(Jose Maria Barrero)和史蒂文·戴维斯(Steven Davis)在美国国家经济研究局(National Bureau of Economic Research)发表的一篇新论文中指出,自大流行席卷全球近三年来,对不断演变的变体和超级传播者事件的担忧已使约300万人失业。仅在今年上半年,这一劳动力缺口就使美国的经济产出减少了2500亿美元。

在2022年2月至7月期间,研究人员进行的工作安排和态度调查(SWAA)中有55%的受访者表示,他们不会回归新冠疫情前的活动,如在室内用餐或乘坐拥挤的公共汽车或火车,因此他们将远离工作岗位。研究人员将这种行为描述为“长期社交隔离”,是大流行早期习惯的延伸。

巴雷罗、布鲁姆和戴维斯写道:“谨慎的人或有潜在健康状况的人,他们因新冠肺炎疫情而面临死亡或患严重疾病的风险更高,因此可以找到合理的、情有可原的理由继续甚至加强他们的社交隔离做法。”他们补充说,长期社交隔离的影响可能会持续数月甚至数年。

他们引用了2020年一项关于新冠肺炎疫情风险认知的调查,该调查发现,个人有感染经历或是朋友和家人有感染经历使人们更担心新冠肺炎疫情的高风险。为此,常见的现象是那些见识过新冠肺炎有多危险的人,会有“预防性健康行为”,比如进行社交隔离和戴口罩。

他们发现,年龄较大、收入较低、受正规教育最少的女性是最有可能进行长期社交隔离的群体,尤其是在远程工作机会较少的地区。

众所周知,拥有大学学位的人更有可能从事适合远程办公的工作,而不是那些需要面对面接触的工作。“因此,受过高等教育的人更容易在保持就业的同时实行完全或有限的社交隔离。”该论文表示。“此外,由于收入较高,受过良好教育的人可以更容易地避免与他人频繁接触的通勤模式。”

对新冠肺炎疫情保持警惕的人来说,这不是一个好时机

虽然这篇论文重点关注的是那些失业的人,但对新冠肺炎疫情的担忧可能也解释了为什么一些员工坚持继续居家办公。

据报道,最新的新冠病毒变体能够逃避针对早期毒株研发的疫苗,而且很少有人接种最新的加强针。在社会层面上,许多工作场所完全取消了针对疫情的限制措施,大多数主要城市取消了口罩令甚至接种疫苗要求。

自劳动节以来,高盛公司(Goldman Sachs)的员工就被允许进入办公室,无论员工是否接种疫苗,也不要求员工进行核酸检测或戴口罩。"现在有许多手段,包括接种疫苗、不断完善的治疗方法和测试,罹患严重疾病的风险大大降低。"这家著名的支持重返办公室办公的银行在一份内部备忘录中表示。

这使得免疫力低下或对新冠肺炎疫情特别慎重的员工更难在没有风险的情况下通勤上班和参加个人会议。

人力资源管理协会(Society For human resources Management)的首席人力资源官吉姆•林克(Jim Link)鼓励处于这种情况的员工与雇主开诚布公地就期望和舒适程度进行沟通。

林克在接受《财富》杂志采访时表示:“这种反反复复的沟通真正打开了思路,试图为公司文化、需要完成的工作、企业成功以及员工的需求、愿望和能力做出最佳决策。我们相信,这种讨论和对话将为公司和员工带来最好的结果。”(财富中文网)

译者:中慧言-王芳

As the weather gets colder and Americans brace for their third pandemic winter, the case for the office has never been weaker.

DMITRY MARCHENKO—EYEEM/GETTY IMAGES

Amid all the talk about the cost of desk lunches, the hours of lost sleep, and the slog of commuting, many have forgotten the original reason to avoid returning to the office: fear of catching COVID.

Nearly three years since the pandemic gripped the globe, concern over evolving variants and superspreader events have kept about 3 million people out of the workforce, finds a new paper from the National Bureau of Economic Research by WFH Research heads Nicholas Bloom, Jose Maria Barrero, and Steven Davis. That gap in the workforce has slashed the U.S.’s economic output by a quarter of a trillion dollars in just the first half of this year alone.

Between February and July 2022, 55% of respondents to the researchers’ Survey of Working Arrangements and Attitudes (SWAA) said they wouldn’t be returning to pre-COVID activities such as dining indoors or taking a crowded bus or train—and therefore would be staying out of the workforce. The researchers characterize that behavior as “long social distancing,” an extension of early-pandemic habits.

“People with a cautious bent or with underlying health conditions that place them at higher risk of death or serious illness from COVID-19 can find sound, understandable reasons to continue and even intensify their social distancing practices,” Barrera, Bloom, and Davis wrote, adding that the effects of long social distancing are likely to persist for months or even years.

They cited a 2020 survey about COVID risk perception, which found that personal experience—or that of friends and family members—with COVID-19 makes people fear significantly higher risks. To that end, “preventative health behaviors” like social distancing and mask-wearing is most common among people who have seen how dangerous COVID can be.

Older, lower-earning women with minimal formal education are the most likely group to partake in long social distancing, they found, especially those in areas with fewer remote work opportunities.

It’s been well-established that those with college degrees are much more likely to work in roles amenable to remote work, rather than those that necessitate face-to-face contact. “Thus, it is much easier for the highly educated to practice full or limited social distancing while remaining employed,” the paper says. “In addition, because of their higher earnings, well-educated persons can more readily avoid commuting modes that involve a high volume of close encounters with others.”

Bad timing for the COVID-cautious

While the paper centers on those missing from the workforce, COVID fears might also explain why some workers are insistent on continuing to work from home.

The latest COVID variants are reportedly able to circumvent vaccines designed for earlier strains—and few people have gotten the latest booster. On a social level, many workplaces have altogether done away with COVID-era restrictions, and most major cities have dropped mask and even vaccine requirements.

Since Labor Day, employees at Goldman Sachs have been allowed to enter the office regardless of vaccination status and haven’t been required to test or wear masks. “With many tools including vaccination, improved treatments, and testing now available, there is significantly less risk of severe illness,” the famously pro-office bank said in an internal memo.

That makes it much more difficult for immunocompromised or particularly COVID-conscious workers to commute into work and take in-person meetings without being at risk.

For workers in that boat, Jim Link, chief human resources officer at the Society for Human Resources Management, encourages open communication with bosses about expectations and comfort level.

“That back-and-forth really opens the lines to trying to make the best decision for the culture of that company, the work that needs to get done, the success of that business, and the employees’ needs and desires and capabilities,” Link told Fortune Well. “That discourse and dialogue we believe will produce the best outcome for both the organization and for the employees within it.”

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