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机器人对人类社会的威胁到底有多大?专家已有答案

机器人对人类社会的威胁到底有多大?专家已有答案

BRETT HAENSEL 2020-10-11
他形容这类清洁机器人是“机器人领域的诱导性毒品”。

赫尔曼·戈麦斯每天都在监视着他手下的七台机器人在位于洛杉矶的Adventist Health怀特纪念医院(Adventist Health White Memorial Hospital)内巡逻。这七台机器人来自机器人制造商Xenex,外观与电影《星球大战》(Star Wars)中的R2-D2机器人一模一样。它们负责对病房进行全天候紫外线消毒,能够清理人类清洁工遗留下的各种微生物,可以为医院提供第二重卫生保障。

在本期《财富头脑风暴》(Fortune Brainstorm)播客中,戈麦斯与机器人领域的其他多位专家接受了《财富》杂志编辑米哈尔·列弗拉姆和布莱恩·奥吉夫的采访。他们在节目中谈论了目前人类社会对机器人的应用情况。该播客详细讨论了科技如何改变人类生活。

戈麦斯是医院环境服务部负责人。他说:“你会看到全天24小时都有[机器人]在执勤,因为我们有太多隔离病房。每天所有手术完成之后,我们的[环境服务]专业人员会对房间进行清扫,然后他们会在房间里部署Xenex紫外线消毒机器人,以确保对每一个角落进行彻底消毒。”

戈麦斯主要谈论了机器人的好处,但《财富》资深撰稿人杰里米·卡恩在播客中分析了这些清洁机器人可能对人类就业带来的潜在威胁。他形容这类清洁机器人是“机器人领域的诱导性毒品”。

卡恩说:“有些机器人会淘汰人类的工作,有些机器人的设计意图就是要取代人类。夜间长期使用机器人的成本低于雇佣一家保洁公司的成本,生产清洁机器人的公司以此来证明机器人更划算。在疫情期间,对于保洁的需求高涨,因此部署机器人并没有导致太多人失业。人们只是安排清洁工负责一些机器人力有未逮的高接触区域。人类保洁人员不再负责清扫地面,而是被安排去打扫洗手间、门把手和栏杆,地面清洁工作由机器人来完成。但未来,对保洁人员的需求会越来越少,他们将面临失业。”

在节目进行到接近一半的时候,列弗拉姆和奥吉夫请Biobot Analytics公司CEO兼联合创始人玛丽安娜·马图斯博士谈论了如何设计机器人,让它们从事人类没有兴趣从事的工作,比如从人类产生的污水中收集数据。(财富中文网)

翻译:刘进龙

审校:汪皓

赫尔曼·戈麦斯每天都在监视着他手下的七台机器人在位于洛杉矶的Adventist Health怀特纪念医院(Adventist Health White Memorial Hospital)内巡逻。这七台机器人来自机器人制造商Xenex,外观与电影《星球大战》(Star Wars)中的R2-D2机器人一模一样。它们负责对病房进行全天候紫外线消毒,能够清理人类清洁工遗留下的各种微生物,可以为医院提供第二重卫生保障。

在本期《财富头脑风暴》(Fortune Brainstorm)播客中,戈麦斯与机器人领域的其他多位专家接受了《财富》杂志编辑米哈尔·列弗拉姆和布莱恩·奥吉夫的采访。他们在节目中谈论了目前人类社会对机器人的应用情况。该播客详细讨论了科技如何改变人类生活。

戈麦斯是医院环境服务部负责人。他说:“你会看到全天24小时都有[机器人]在执勤,因为我们有太多隔离病房。每天所有手术完成之后,我们的[环境服务]专业人员会对房间进行清扫,然后他们会在房间里部署Xenex紫外线消毒机器人,以确保对每一个角落进行彻底消毒。”

戈麦斯主要谈论了机器人的好处,但《财富》资深撰稿人杰里米·卡恩在播客中分析了这些清洁机器人可能对人类就业带来的潜在威胁。他形容这类清洁机器人是“机器人领域的诱导性毒品”。

卡恩说:“有些机器人会淘汰人类的工作,有些机器人的设计意图就是要取代人类。夜间长期使用机器人的成本低于雇佣一家保洁公司的成本,生产清洁机器人的公司以此来证明机器人更划算。在疫情期间,对于保洁的需求高涨,因此部署机器人并没有导致太多人失业。人们只是安排清洁工负责一些机器人力有未逮的高接触区域。人类保洁人员不再负责清扫地面,而是被安排去打扫洗手间、门把手和栏杆,地面清洁工作由机器人来完成。但未来,对保洁人员的需求会越来越少,他们将面临失业。”

在节目进行到接近一半的时候,列弗拉姆和奥吉夫请Biobot Analytics公司CEO兼联合创始人玛丽安娜·马图斯博士谈论了如何设计机器人,让它们从事人类没有兴趣从事的工作,比如从人类产生的污水中收集数据。(财富中文网)

翻译:刘进龙

审校:汪皓

Each day, Herman Gomez watches as his team of seven robots makes its rounds through Adventist Health White Memorial Hospital in Los Angeles. Supplied by the robot manufacturer Xenex, these robots look exactly like R2-D2 from Star Wars and disinfect rooms using UV light throughout the day, providing a second level of sanitation that cleans whatever micro-organisms were left behind by the human cleaners that came first.

On this episode of Fortune Brainstorm, a podcast detailing how technology is changing our lives, Gomez––along with several other experts in the field of robotics––speaks with Fortune’s Michal Lev-Ram and Brian O’Keefe about how robots are currently being integrated into society alongside humans.

“You will see [the robots] being deployed all throughout the day, 24 hours a day because we have so many isolation rooms,” says Gomez, who oversees the environmental services department at the hospital. “After all the surgeries have been completed for the day, our [environmental services] professionals go in there to clean the room, and then they also deploy the Xenex UV light disinfection robot to the room to still make sure that everything has been disinfected completely.”

While Gomez focuses on robots’ capacity for good, Fortune senior writer Jeremy Kahn joins the podcast to discuss the potential threats these cleaning robots, which he describes as the “gateway drug of robotics,” could pose to human jobs.

“Some of these robots eliminate jobs, and some of them are designed to eliminate jobs,” Kahn says. “One of the ways that companies who make the cleaning robots justify the cost is that, over time, they cost less than it would cost to have a cleaning company in there every night for years. During the pandemic, there’s been such a demand for cleaning that it hasn’t actually resulted in too many job losses. What’s happened is they’ve just redeployed the cleaners to do those high-touch areas that the robots can’t really do. Instead of having the humans doing the floor cleaning, they have the humans doing the fittings in the bathroom or the handles on the doors and the railings, and they just let the robot do the floors. But in the future, it might be the case that they don’t need as many cleaners, and then those people will lose their jobs.”

At about the half way mark of the podcast, Lev-Ram and O’Keefe bring on Dr. Mariana Matus, CEO and cofounder of Biobot Analytics, to talk about how robots can be designed to do a job humans have no interest in doing themselves in the first place: collecting data from our sewage.

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