
Microstrategy公司的亿万富翁首席执行官迈克尔·塞勒曾表示,他去世时会带走自己近18,000枚比特币的私钥,让这些比特币永远锁定在区块链上,退出流通领域。
不妨将塞勒的计划视为对比特币未来的“传递善意”之举。通过销毁私钥,他既增加了比特币的稀缺性,也可能提升其价值——这种系统层面的数字经济实践,与比尔·盖茨和沃伦·巴菲特倡导的“终极慈善”理念有异曲同工之妙。
但大多数加密货币持有者并不像塞勒这般无私。因为对许多人而言,购买比特币的主要动机之一就是积累跨代际的财富。
但比特币不同于其他大多数资产,尤其在继承规划方面。你的亲人能否继承和如何继承你的比特币,远非指定一名受益人那么简单,这完全取决于你当前的选择。
传统金融资产容易继承,加密货币公司却设置障碍
假设你拥有储蓄账户、持有股票、个人名下有401k或个人退休账户(IRA)以及若干不动产,你在银行和券商处都已指定受益人,并在遗嘱中明确了资产分配。尽管这需要履行法律程序,但传统金融机构对此早已驾轻就熟。最终结果是,当那一天来临时,你的股票和其他投资将通过成熟完善的流程,顺利分配给继承人。
但存放在交易所的比特币则截然不同。在调研多家主流交易所的继承政策后,我惊讶地发现这类政策往往形同虚设。
现实是,当前大多数主流加密交易所都不支持指定比特币继承人——这更多反映了该行业尚处幼年期的现状。尽管遗嘱中指定的继承人理论上可以主张资产继承权,但具体流程复杂且困难重重。
多数交易所处理继承请求时要求提供海量文件。有些需要你在遗嘱中指明账户信息(这既需要远见又要承担安全风险),有些则需要额外的法院令状。所有流程都冗长繁琐,有时需要与客服反复沟通超过一年。这对号称"未来货币"的加密资产而言实在不够体面。
自主管理加密货币继承:高风险与高成本
当然,并非所有比特币持有者都将资产存放于交易所。许多人使用硬件钱包或纸质/金属钱包离线保管私钥。这种高度安全的存储方式,却给遗产继承带来了新挑战——就像某人将装满现金的保险箱埋在一个安全的地方所带来的继承难题一样。
如果你选择自主保管,你的继承人通常需要:1)详细的比特币钱包访问指南;或者2)助记词(用于恢复钱包的随机单词组合)。这两者若落入他人之手,都可能成为“比特币盗窃指南”(即便你尚在人世)。
即便继承人成功破解你留下的“藏宝图”,人为失误的风险依然巨大。PIN码或密码输入多次错误,就可能导致亲人永远失去访问权限,无意中将本属于他们的比特币捐献给“迈克尔·塞勒比特币基金”。
现有的第三方继承方案亦非完美:有的收费高昂;有的需要高超技术能力;有的要求将助记词托管给第三方——这又为恶意攻击者盗窃你的资产开辟了新的入侵途径。
构建便捷安全的比特币传承机制
失去亲人已足够痛苦,继承加密资产不应雪上加霜。理想的加密资产继承方案应具备:便于继承人获取遗产的合理容错机制,同时确保在世时的资产安全。
Block公司开发的Bitkey提供了一种自主托管的新范式。用户可以直接指定加密货币的受益人,将原本繁琐的行业通用流程,转化为对持有者及其(可能完全不懂加密货币的)继承人都直观易用的方案。此类工具的普及将提升用户体验,助力比特币真正成为我们期待的跨代际长效资产。
本文作者杰森·卡什现任Block公司业务、Proto及Bitkey总监。
Fortune.com上发表的评论文章中表达的观点,仅代表作者本人的观点,不代表《财富》杂志的观点和立场。
译者:刘进龙
审校:汪皓
Microstrategy公司的亿万富翁首席执行官迈克尔·塞勒曾表示,他去世时会带走自己近18,000枚比特币的私钥,让这些比特币永远锁定在区块链上,退出流通领域。
不妨将塞勒的计划视为对比特币未来的“传递善意”之举。通过销毁私钥,他既增加了比特币的稀缺性,也可能提升其价值——这种系统层面的数字经济实践,与比尔·盖茨和沃伦·巴菲特倡导的“终极慈善”理念有异曲同工之妙。
但大多数加密货币持有者并不像塞勒这般无私。因为对许多人而言,购买比特币的主要动机之一就是积累跨代际的财富。
但比特币不同于其他大多数资产,尤其在继承规划方面。你的亲人能否继承和如何继承你的比特币,远非指定一名受益人那么简单,这完全取决于你当前的选择。
传统金融资产容易继承,加密货币公司却设置障碍
假设你拥有储蓄账户、持有股票、个人名下有401k或个人退休账户(IRA)以及若干不动产,你在银行和券商处都已指定受益人,并在遗嘱中明确了资产分配。尽管这需要履行法律程序,但传统金融机构对此早已驾轻就熟。最终结果是,当那一天来临时,你的股票和其他投资将通过成熟完善的流程,顺利分配给继承人。
但存放在交易所的比特币则截然不同。在调研多家主流交易所的继承政策后,我惊讶地发现这类政策往往形同虚设。
现实是,当前大多数主流加密交易所都不支持指定比特币继承人——这更多反映了该行业尚处幼年期的现状。尽管遗嘱中指定的继承人理论上可以主张资产继承权,但具体流程复杂且困难重重。
多数交易所处理继承请求时要求提供海量文件。有些需要你在遗嘱中指明账户信息(这既需要远见又要承担安全风险),有些则需要额外的法院令状。所有流程都冗长繁琐,有时需要与客服反复沟通超过一年。这对号称"未来货币"的加密资产而言实在不够体面。
自主管理加密货币继承:高风险与高成本
当然,并非所有比特币持有者都将资产存放于交易所。许多人使用硬件钱包或纸质/金属钱包离线保管私钥。这种高度安全的存储方式,却给遗产继承带来了新挑战——就像某人将装满现金的保险箱埋在一个安全的地方所带来的继承难题一样。
如果你选择自主保管,你的继承人通常需要:1)详细的比特币钱包访问指南;或者2)助记词(用于恢复钱包的随机单词组合)。这两者若落入他人之手,都可能成为“比特币盗窃指南”(即便你尚在人世)。
即便继承人成功破解你留下的“藏宝图”,人为失误的风险依然巨大。PIN码或密码输入多次错误,就可能导致亲人永远失去访问权限,无意中将本属于他们的比特币捐献给“迈克尔·塞勒比特币基金”。
现有的第三方继承方案亦非完美:有的收费高昂;有的需要高超技术能力;有的要求将助记词托管给第三方——这又为恶意攻击者盗窃你的资产开辟了新的入侵途径。
构建便捷安全的比特币传承机制
失去亲人已足够痛苦,继承加密资产不应雪上加霜。理想的加密资产继承方案应具备:便于继承人获取遗产的合理容错机制,同时确保在世时的资产安全。
Block公司开发的Bitkey提供了一种自主托管的新范式。用户可以直接指定加密货币的受益人,将原本繁琐的行业通用流程,转化为对持有者及其(可能完全不懂加密货币的)继承人都直观易用的方案。此类工具的普及将提升用户体验,助力比特币真正成为我们期待的跨代际长效资产。
本文作者杰森·卡什现任Block公司业务、Proto及Bitkey总监。
Fortune.com上发表的评论文章中表达的观点,仅代表作者本人的观点,不代表《财富》杂志的观点和立场。
译者:刘进龙
审校:汪皓
The billionaire CEO of Microstrategy, Michael Saylor, has said that, when he dies, he will take the keys to his nearly 18,000 bitcoins with him, leaving his coins locked up on-chain and out of circulation forever.
Think of Saylor’s plans as a pay-it-forward gesture to Bitcoin’s future. By burning his keys, he’ll contribute to Bitcoin’s scarcity and potentially its value–a kind of systems-level, digital economy variation on the style of end-of-life philanthropy encouraged by Bill Gates and Warren Buffett.
Most other crypto owners, however, are not as altruistic as Saylor. That’s because, for many people, one of the main reasons for buying Bitcoin is to build generational wealth.
But Bitcoin isn’t like most other assets, particularly when it comes to succession planning. How and whether your loved ones get your bitcoin when you die can be a lot more involved than simply naming a beneficiary–and has everything to do with choices that you make today.
Banks make it easy to inherit, crypto firms do not
Say you have a savings account, hold some stocks, have a 401k or IRA in your name, and/or own some property. You’ve named a beneficiary at your bank(s) and brokerage(s) and laid out who gets what in your will. While this process may create a legal duty, it’s of the kind that legacy financial institutions deal with every day. The end result is that, when your time comes, your stocks and other investments are distributed to your heirs according to a smooth and well-established process.
That’s not the case with Bitcoin you hold on an exchange. Seriously. I looked into the beneficiary policies of several popular exchanges and, to my disbelief, discovered such policies are often non-existent.
The reality for now is that it’s not possible to designate an heir for the bitcoins you hold on most major crypto exchanges–a fact that is likely more a function of the industry’s youth than anything else. And while it is possible for the folks in your will to lay claim to your assets when you pass, the processes for doing so vary and they’re not exactly easy.
Most exchanges require a large amount of documentation before they will make good on a beneficiary request. Some ask you to have the foresight (and security risk appetite) to write your account number in your will. Some require a separate court order. And they all tend to be lengthy, sometimes taking more than a year of back and forth with customer service to complete. Not a great look for the future of money.
DIY crypto inheritance: risky and expensive
Not every Bitcoin holder keeps their coins on an exchange, of course. Many keep their keys offline, in a hardware wallet or on a paper or steel wallet. While this offers a very high degree of security, it also creates its own set of challenges when it comes to succession–the kind of challenges you might face if someone buried a safe full of cash in a safe location.
If you opt for one of these self-custody options, your heir will typically need either: 1) detailed access instructions on how to open your Bitcoin wallet; or 2) your seed phrase—the random set of words, which will let them recreate the wallet. In the wrong hands, either could function as a kind of “how to steal your bitcoin” kit for anyone who might find it (even while you’re still alive).
And if your heir does manage to follow your treasure map, there’s plenty of room for human error. A few errant PIN or passphrase attempts and your loved ones could get locked out forever, inadvertently adding what should be their coins to the Michael Saylor bitcoin donation fund.
Some third-party inheritance solutions do exist, but they aren’t perfect: some are costly; some require advanced technical skills to implement; and some require you to trust a third party with your seed phrase, which may open up new vectors for malicious actors to steal your assets.
Time for an easy, secure way to pass on your bitcoin
Losing a loved one is hard enough. Inheriting their coins shouldn’t make it harder. When it comes to a crypto inheritance, the best solutions will make it easy for heirs to collect what’s theirs when you’re gone, with room for human error baked in, without compromising the security of your coins while you’re alive.
At Block, we’ve built Bitkey, a new form factor for self custody that gives users the ability to name a beneficiary for their coins, making what has been and still largely is a cumbersome process industry-wide into something intuitive and easy not just for bitcoin holders, but for their heirs, who might not have any exposure to crypto at all until they inherit it., The more common tools like this become, the better off consumers will be, and the more likely it is that bitcoin will become the enduring, generational asset many of us believe it to be.
Jason Karsh is head of Business, Proto and Bitkey at Block. The opinions expressed in Fortune.com commentary pieces are solely the views of their authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions and beliefs of Fortune.