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远程办公对美国办公楼市场影响远超预期

远程办公对美国办公楼市场影响远超预期

ALENA BOTROS 2023-05-27
研究人员预测,到2029年,纽约市办公楼将贬值44%

远程办公导致办公楼行业的租金收入、入住率、续租率和市场租金大幅减少。图片来源:GETTY IMAGES

新冠疫情带来的居家办公时代对美国的办公楼行业造成了毁灭性打击,空置率大幅升高,物业贬值。一组研究人员之前曾估算过远程办公对办公物业价值的影响,现在他们修订了评估结果,这似乎表明情况比他们设想的更加糟糕。

在去年发表的一篇论文中,来自纽约大学和哥伦比亚大学的研究人员估计,到2029年,纽约市办公楼将贬值28%,损失总额达到490亿美元。按照他们的模型计算,这相当于全国“价值损失”高达5,000亿美元。阿皮特·古普塔、沃林达·米塔尔和斯泰恩·范·纽沃博格等研究人员本月发表了最新版报告《居家办公与办公地产启示录》,修改了他们的估算。他们预测,到2029年,纽约市办公楼将贬值44%,按照他们的说法,从2019年至2022年的三年期间,全国的价值损失就高达5,060亿美元。

他们为什么进行修正,并给出更令人沮丧的评估?

研究人员在论文中表示,远程办公已经导致商业地产行业的办公楼领域租金收入、入住率、续租率和市场租金大幅下降。这些都影响了现金流,而这恰好赶上了美联储大幅加息。但有趣的是,他们发现品质较低的办公楼物业更容易受到上述因素的冲击,而且按照他们的说法,这类物业有更大的风险变成“搁浅资产”。他们指出,他们的模型依旧存在一种根本的不确定性,那就是远程办公的未来。

疫情爆发几个月后,研究人员对美国100多个办公楼市场的租赁水平数据进行研究后发现,2019年12月至2020年12月期间,租赁收入减少18.51%。按平方英尺计算的新签租约数量以及新签租约的租金同期均有所下降。研究人员写道,多个大城市的空置率屡创新高。他们提到截至今年第一季度,纽约市的办公楼空置率超过20%。此外,研究人员还表示,他们发现公司远程办公政策与实际出租办公空间减少之间存在“直接联系”。

他们写道:“我们的分析有一个重要的发现是,远程办公将在中短期内严重破坏商业办公地产的价值。”

但远程办公在不同地区或对不同物业的影响不同。研究人员发现,优质建筑,即近期建成的租金更高的建筑,“处境更好”,这与公司为了吸引员工恢复现场办公不得不改善办公室质量的观念一致。此外,他们发现远程办公比例更高的城市,办公室需求下降幅度更大,有两个例子可以充分证明这个结论。他们研究了旧金山和夏洛特这两个城市,前者的办公楼行业下降幅度更大,预计原因是旧金山的办公楼物业受到远程办公趋势的冲击更严重。但两个市场的办公楼都有所贬值。

作者写道:“我们计算后发现,2019年末至2022年,纽约市办公楼贬值696亿美元,旧金山贬值327亿美元,夏洛特贬值51亿美元。对于其他办公楼市场,我们将市场的特定租赁收入下降和纽约市估值比率变动相结合,计算价值下跌幅度。我们发现,在三年内,全美办公楼贬值5,063亿美元。

按照美元损失计算,三年物业贬值幅度最大的市场是纽约市、旧金山、洛杉矶、圣何塞和波士顿。研究人员表示,这可能要影响严重依赖物业税的地方政府,引发“城市恶性循环”。(财富中文网)

翻译:刘进龙

审校:汪皓

远程办公导致办公楼行业的租金收入、入住率、续租率和市场租金大幅减少。

新冠疫情带来的居家办公时代对美国的办公楼行业造成了毁灭性打击,空置率大幅升高,物业贬值。一组研究人员之前曾估算过远程办公对办公物业价值的影响,现在他们修订了评估结果,这似乎表明情况比他们设想的更加糟糕。

在去年发表的一篇论文中,来自纽约大学和哥伦比亚大学的研究人员估计,到2029年,纽约市办公楼将贬值28%,损失总额达到490亿美元。按照他们的模型计算,这相当于全国“价值损失”高达5,000亿美元。阿皮特·古普塔、沃林达·米塔尔和斯泰恩·范·纽沃博格等研究人员本月发表了最新版报告《居家办公与办公地产启示录》,修改了他们的估算。他们预测,到2029年,纽约市办公楼将贬值44%,按照他们的说法,从2019年至2022年的三年期间,全国的价值损失就高达5,060亿美元。

他们为什么进行修正,并给出更令人沮丧的评估?

研究人员在论文中表示,远程办公已经导致商业地产行业的办公楼领域租金收入、入住率、续租率和市场租金大幅下降。这些都影响了现金流,而这恰好赶上了美联储大幅加息。但有趣的是,他们发现品质较低的办公楼物业更容易受到上述因素的冲击,而且按照他们的说法,这类物业有更大的风险变成“搁浅资产”。他们指出,他们的模型依旧存在一种根本的不确定性,那就是远程办公的未来。

疫情爆发几个月后,研究人员对美国100多个办公楼市场的租赁水平数据进行研究后发现,2019年12月至2020年12月期间,租赁收入减少18.51%。按平方英尺计算的新签租约数量以及新签租约的租金同期均有所下降。研究人员写道,多个大城市的空置率屡创新高。他们提到截至今年第一季度,纽约市的办公楼空置率超过20%。此外,研究人员还表示,他们发现公司远程办公政策与实际出租办公空间减少之间存在“直接联系”。

他们写道:“我们的分析有一个重要的发现是,远程办公将在中短期内严重破坏商业办公地产的价值。”

但远程办公在不同地区或对不同物业的影响不同。研究人员发现,优质建筑,即近期建成的租金更高的建筑,“处境更好”,这与公司为了吸引员工恢复现场办公不得不改善办公室质量的观念一致。此外,他们发现远程办公比例更高的城市,办公室需求下降幅度更大,有两个例子可以充分证明这个结论。他们研究了旧金山和夏洛特这两个城市,前者的办公楼行业下降幅度更大,预计原因是旧金山的办公楼物业受到远程办公趋势的冲击更严重。但两个市场的办公楼都有所贬值。

作者写道:“我们计算后发现,2019年末至2022年,纽约市办公楼贬值696亿美元,旧金山贬值327亿美元,夏洛特贬值51亿美元。对于其他办公楼市场,我们将市场的特定租赁收入下降和纽约市估值比率变动相结合,计算价值下跌幅度。我们发现,在三年内,全美办公楼贬值5,063亿美元。

按照美元损失计算,三年物业贬值幅度最大的市场是纽约市、旧金山、洛杉矶、圣何塞和波士顿。研究人员表示,这可能要影响严重依赖物业税的地方政府,引发“城市恶性循环”。(财富中文网)

翻译:刘进龙

审校:汪皓

The pandemic spurred work-from-home era is decimating the office sector, with rising vacancy rates and declining property values. And a set of researchers that previously estimated the effect of remote work on office property values, have revised their assessment, seemingly suggesting things are worse off than they thought.

In a paper published last year, researchers from New York University and Columbia University estimated a 28% decline in New York City office values by 2029, totaling to a $49 billion loss. And in their model, that equates to a $500 billion “value destruction,” nationwide. The researchers—Arpit Gupta, Vrinda Mittal, and Stijn Van Nieuwerburgh—revised their estimate this month in the latest version of their paper, titled: “Work From Home and the Office Real Estate Apocalypse.” They now see a 44% decline in New York City office values by 2029, and a nationwide value destruction, as they put it, of $506 billion in just a three-year period from 2019 to 2022.

The reason behind their revised, yet bleaker assessment?

In their paper, the authors argue that remote work has led to significant drops in lease revenue, occupancy, lease renewal rates, and market rents in the office sector within commercial real estate. All of which has affected cash flow, at a time when the Federal Reserve has aggressively raised interest rates. Although, interestingly enough, they found that lower quality office properties were more susceptible to the shocks listed above, and were at a greater risk of becoming a “stranded asset,” they wrote. Still there is an underlying uncertainty in their model, which they note, the future of remote work.

In studying lease level data for more than 100 office markets in the U.S., the authors found an 18.51% decrease in lease revenue between December 2019 and December 2020, just months following the start of the pandemic. The quantity of newly signed leases by square footage and rents of newly signed leases also fell in that same period. All the while, vacancy rates in several major markets are at record-highs, the authors wrote, pointing to New York City, which has an office vacancy rate of more than 20% as of the first quarter of this year. Additionally, the authors said they’ve found a “direct connection” between companies’ remote work policies and reductions in their actual leased office space.

“The key takeaway from our analysis is that remote work is shaping up to massively disrupt the value of commercial office real estate in the short and medium term,” the authors wrote.

Still, the effects are not uniform across the country or across properties. The authors found that higher quality buildings, a.k.a. buildings with higher rents that were built more recently, “appear to be faring better,” which they claim is consistent with the notion that companies have to improve office quality for workers to want to come back. Additionally, they found that cities with greater work from home exposure are seeing larger declines in office demand, which is clearly shown in these two examples. In looking at San Francisco and Charlotte, they found the former’s office sector experienced greater declines, which is to be expected as San Francisco’s office properties have been hit particularly hard with the shift to remote work. Still, both markets did see declines in their office valuations.

“We calculate a reduction in value of the office stock between the end of 2019 and 2022 of $69.6 billion for NYC, $32.7 billion for San Francisco, and $5.1 billion for Charlotte,” authors wrote. “For the remaining office markets, we combine market-specific lease revenue declines with valuation ratio changes for NYC to compute the value decline. Nationwide, we find a $506.3 billion decline in office values in the three-year period.”

The greatest declines in property values by dollar losses over that three-year period were seen in New York City, San Francisco, Los Angeles, San Jose, and Boston—which the authors say could affect local governments that rely heavily on property taxes, triggering an “urban doom loop.”

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