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打了疫苗更易感染?科学界严厉驳斥

打了疫苗更易感染?科学界严厉驳斥

Eleanor Pringle 2023-01-21
没有证据显示疫苗使新冠病毒变得“更强大”。

图片来源:JUSTIN SULLIVAN—GETTY IMAGES

有一种观点认为,疫苗使新冠病毒株变得“更强大”,疫苗接种者更容易染病,科学家们严厉反驳了这种观点。

世界卫生组织(World Health Organization)已经确认,XBB.1.5是到目前为止传播力最强的病毒株。XBB.1.5被生物学教授瑞安·格雷戈里称为“克拉肯”毒株。

美国疾病控制与预防中心(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)在1月6日表示,该变异毒株预计占总感染病例的28%,成为美国最流行的第二大毒株。

欧洲疾病预防与控制中心(European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control)称,感染克拉肯毒株的患者数量每九天增加一倍,因此呼吁“紧急”开发针对该病毒株的治疗药物和疫苗。

然而,一些人声称疫苗和加强针使病毒变得“更强大”,这种说法被健康保护科学家们斥责为“荒谬透顶”。

《华尔街日报》(Wall Street Journal)发表的一篇文章质疑:疫苗是否正在助长新的新冠变异毒株?因为在美国东北部等疫苗接种率较高的地区,病毒正在飞速传播。

虽然XBB.1.5具有一定程度的免疫逃脱力,但皇家疫苗研究网络(Imperial Network for Vaccine Research)的克里斯托弗·赵博士解释称,这只是一个“正常的病毒进化过程”。

没有证据表明疫苗使新冠病毒株变得更强大

这位传染病学医生兼免疫学家对《财富》杂志表示,没有证据表明疫苗使新冠病毒株变得更强大,或者疫苗接种者更有可能出现重症。

马萨诸塞州综合医院(Massachusetts General Hospital)的副教授罗比·巴塔查里亚认同克里斯托弗·赵的观点。巴塔查里亚告诉彭博社(Bloomberg),他在2022年主持的一项研究显示,疫苗接种很可能并没有加快初始奥密克戎疫情的进程。

1月初发布的最新数据也显示,XBB.1.5对先前接种疫苗和感染的免疫逃脱力,并不会高于已经流行的变异毒株,因为克拉肯毒株的免疫逃脱力略低于其母变异毒株。

世界卫生组织的新冠响应技术负责人玛丽亚·范·克尔克霍夫在1月4日称,目前仍然无法确定新变异毒株是否是美国东北部住院患者增加的原因。

英国国立卫生研究院(National Institute for Health Research)健康保护研究小组(Health Protection Research Unit)应急准备项目的保罗·亨特教授表示,没有明确的证据能够证明克拉肯毒株的免疫耐受能力。

他强调,接种疫苗和先前感染产生的对患者的混合免疫力,是对系统性感染或严重感染的最佳防御,可以减少由此导致的住院治疗和潜在死亡。

现有疫苗如何对抗新冠变异毒株

目前美国主要有四种疫苗:辉瑞(Pfizer)-BioNTech、Moderna、Novavax和强生(Johnson & Johnson)疫苗。

辉瑞-BioNTech

辉瑞的新二价疫苗加强针对原始SARS CoV-2病毒和奥密克戎亚变异毒株BA.4与BA.5均有效。

耶鲁大学医学院(Yale Medicine)指出,专家们仍然在研究这款二价疫苗对于最新变异毒株的免疫效果,例如克拉肯毒株,但该医学院提到,辉瑞在2022年11月开展的一项临床试验显示,55岁或55岁以上人群接种这款二价疫苗后的中和抗体水平,比接种单价疫苗的同龄人高约四倍。

Moderna

2022年11月,Moderna称其更新的新冠疫苗对奥密克戎BA.4/BA.5亚变异毒株产生的中和抗体水平“远高于”先前的疫苗,所有参与者的奥密克戎BA.4/BA.5抗体水平较接种疫苗前提高了15倍。

Novavax

世界卫生组织确认,在多种变异毒株(Alpha、Beta和Delta)流行期间,在美国和墨西哥开展的一项III期研究发现,Novavax的疫苗防止轻度、中度或重度新冠病毒感染的效力为90%。

该公司还在开发一款新冠-流感联合疫苗。该公司的首席执行官斯坦利·C·埃里克说:“我们认为,与流感一样,未来新冠也会变成一种季节性疾病。因此,提供新替代疫苗产生对流感更强大的保护力,尤其是在老年人群体当中,同时探索将其与对新冠的保护力组合的潜力,具有市场空间。”

强生

2021年,Sisonke 2期研究的数据确认,在奥密克戎变异毒株为主流病毒株的地区,强生的新冠疫苗预防住院的效力为85%。(财富中文网)

译者:刘进龙

审校:汪皓

有一种观点认为,疫苗使新冠病毒株变得“更强大”,疫苗接种者更容易染病,科学家们严厉反驳了这种观点。

世界卫生组织(World Health Organization)已经确认,XBB.1.5是到目前为止传播力最强的病毒株。XBB.1.5被生物学教授瑞安·格雷戈里称为“克拉肯”毒株。

美国疾病控制与预防中心(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)在1月6日表示,该变异毒株预计占总感染病例的28%,成为美国最流行的第二大毒株。

欧洲疾病预防与控制中心(European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control)称,感染克拉肯毒株的患者数量每九天增加一倍,因此呼吁“紧急”开发针对该病毒株的治疗药物和疫苗。

然而,一些人声称疫苗和加强针使病毒变得“更强大”,这种说法被健康保护科学家们斥责为“荒谬透顶”。

《华尔街日报》(Wall Street Journal)发表的一篇文章质疑:疫苗是否正在助长新的新冠变异毒株?因为在美国东北部等疫苗接种率较高的地区,病毒正在飞速传播。

虽然XBB.1.5具有一定程度的免疫逃脱力,但皇家疫苗研究网络(Imperial Network for Vaccine Research)的克里斯托弗·赵博士解释称,这只是一个“正常的病毒进化过程”。

没有证据表明疫苗使新冠病毒株变得更强大

这位传染病学医生兼免疫学家对《财富》杂志表示,没有证据表明疫苗使新冠病毒株变得更强大,或者疫苗接种者更有可能出现重症。

马萨诸塞州综合医院(Massachusetts General Hospital)的副教授罗比·巴塔查里亚认同克里斯托弗·赵的观点。巴塔查里亚告诉彭博社(Bloomberg),他在2022年主持的一项研究显示,疫苗接种很可能并没有加快初始奥密克戎疫情的进程。

1月初发布的最新数据也显示,XBB.1.5对先前接种疫苗和感染的免疫逃脱力,并不会高于已经流行的变异毒株,因为克拉肯毒株的免疫逃脱力略低于其母变异毒株。

世界卫生组织的新冠响应技术负责人玛丽亚·范·克尔克霍夫在1月4日称,目前仍然无法确定新变异毒株是否是美国东北部住院患者增加的原因。

英国国立卫生研究院(National Institute for Health Research)健康保护研究小组(Health Protection Research Unit)应急准备项目的保罗·亨特教授表示,没有明确的证据能够证明克拉肯毒株的免疫耐受能力。

他强调,接种疫苗和先前感染产生的对患者的混合免疫力,是对系统性感染或严重感染的最佳防御,可以减少由此导致的住院治疗和潜在死亡。

现有疫苗如何对抗新冠变异毒株

目前美国主要有四种疫苗:辉瑞(Pfizer)-BioNTech、Moderna、Novavax和强生(Johnson & Johnson)疫苗。

辉瑞-BioNTech

辉瑞的新二价疫苗加强针对原始SARS CoV-2病毒和奥密克戎亚变异毒株BA.4与BA.5均有效。

耶鲁大学医学院(Yale Medicine)指出,专家们仍然在研究这款二价疫苗对于最新变异毒株的免疫效果,例如克拉肯毒株,但该医学院提到,辉瑞在2022年11月开展的一项临床试验显示,55岁或55岁以上人群接种这款二价疫苗后的中和抗体水平,比接种单价疫苗的同龄人高约四倍。

2022年11月,Moderna称其更新的新冠疫苗对奥密克戎BA.4/BA.5亚变异毒株产生的中和抗体水平“远高于”先前的疫苗,所有参与者的奥密克戎BA.4/BA.5抗体水平较接种疫苗前提高了15倍。

世界卫生组织确认,在多种变异毒株(Alpha、Beta和Delta)流行期间,在美国和墨西哥开展的一项III期研究发现,Novavax的疫苗防止轻度、中度或重度新冠病毒感染的效力为90%。

该公司还在开发一款新冠-流感联合疫苗。该公司的首席执行官斯坦利·C·埃里克说:“我们认为,与流感一样,未来新冠也会变成一种季节性疾病。因此,提供新替代疫苗产生对流感更强大的保护力,尤其是在老年人群体当中,同时探索将其与对新冠的保护力组合的潜力,具有市场空间。”

强生

2021年,Sisonke 2期研究的数据确认,在奥密克戎变异毒株为主流病毒株的地区,强生的新冠疫苗预防住院的效力为85%。(财富中文网)

译者:刘进龙

审校:汪皓

Scientists are keen to shut down the idea that vaccines are making COVID strains “stronger” and that those who have had a booster are more susceptible to the disease.

The World Health Organization has confirmed that XBB.1.5—dubbed “Kraken” by biology professor Ryan Gregory—is the most transmissible strain yet.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) said on January 6 that the mutation is predicted to make up 28% of cases this week, making it the second most prevalent strain in the U.S.

According to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Kraken is estimated to double the number of people it sickens every nine days, prompting calls for “urgent” development of treatment and vaccines against it.

However, claims that vaccines and boosters are helping the virus get “stronger” have been slammed as “absolute nonsense” by health protection scientists.

The Wall Street Journal published an article posing the question: Are Vaccines Fueling New Covid Variants? given the spread of the virus in highly vaccinated areas such as Northeastern America.

And although XBB.1.5 is immune-evasive to some extent, this is a “normal process of virus evolution” explained Dr. Christopher Chiu of the Imperial Network for Vaccine Research.

No evidence that vaccines have made COVID strains more powerful

Speaking to Fortune, the infectious diseases physician and immunologist added there is no evidence to suggest that vaccines have made COVID strains more powerful or that those who have been jabbed are any more likely to get a severe case of infection.

He was echoed by Roby Bhattacharyya, an assistant professor of medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, who told Bloomberg a study he led last year showed that vaccination probably didn’t accelerate the initial Omicron wave.

New data in earlier January also showed XBB.1.5 shouldn’t evade prior vaccines and infections any better than a variant already in circulation, as Kraken is slightly less immune evasive than its parent mutation.

Maria Van Kerkhove, technical lead for COVID-19 response at the WHO, added on January 4 that it is unknown if the variant is contributing to a rise in hospitalizations in the Northeast U.S.

Professor Paul Hunter, of the National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) in Emergency Preparedness, added there is no clear evidence to suggest just how immune-resistant Kraken is.

He highlighted that hybrid immunity—protection for patients arising out of both vaccines and previous infection—was the best defense against systemic or severe infection, leading to hospitalizations and potential deaths.

How current vaccines battle COVID variants

There are currently four main vaccines available to people in the U.S.: Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, Novavax, and Johnson & Johnson.

Pfizer-BioNTech

Pfizer’s new bivalent booster is designed to battle both the original SARS CoV-2 virus and the Omicron subvariants BA.4 and BA.5.

Yale Medicine said experts are still establishing how effective the bivalent jab is against more recent mutations such as Kraken, but signposted that a clinical trial in November 2022 by Pfizer showed that levels of neutralizing antibodies in the bivalent booster were around four times higher in people 55 and older than in people of similar ages who got a monovalent booster.

Moderna

Moderna

In November 2022, Moderna said its updated COVID-19 booster generated “significantly higher” neutralizing antibodies against the Omicron BA.4/BA.5 subvariants than its earlier shot, with all participants having a 15-fold increase in Omicron BA.4/BA.5 antibody levels from pre-booster levels.

Novavax

Novavax

WHO confirmed a Phase III study conducted in the U.S. and Mexico during a period in which multiple variants (Alpha, Beta, and Delta) were in circulation found the Novavax vaccine efficacy against mild, moderate, or severe COVID-19 was 90%.

The company is also developing a COVID-19-Influenza Combination (CIC), with CEO Stanley C. Erck saying, “We believe that like influenza, COVID-19 will also be seasonal moving forward, and that there is room in the market for new alternatives to provide better protection against the impact of influenza, particularly in older adults, and to explore the potential to combine this with protection from COVID.”

Johnson & Johnson

In 2021 data from the Sisonke 2 study confirm that the Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 booster shot provides 85% effectiveness against hospitalization in areas where the Omicron variant was dominant.

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