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美联储大幅度加息能抑制通胀吗?难!

美联储大幅度加息能抑制通胀吗?难!

Colin Lodewick 2022-05-11
专家表示,通货膨胀“会令人痛苦地长期持续下去”。

今年5月初,美联储(Federal Reserve)将基准利率上调0.5个百分点,试图抑制历史性的通货膨胀。过去一年,美国的通货膨胀达到40年来最快的上涨速度。

为了给过热的经济降温,预计美联储在2023年还会进一步加息。但一名前美联储官员认为,美联储做的远远不够。

美联储理事会的前副主席、哥伦比亚大学(Columbia University)的经济学与国际事务教授理查德·克拉里达表示,为了降低通胀,未来一年美联储需要将利率至少提高到3.5%。

据《财富》杂志评论的会议记录显示,克拉里达于5月6日在斯坦福大学(Stanford University)胡佛研究所(Hoover Institution)召开的货币政策会议上说:“我认为,要想通胀率真正恢复到2%,基金利率最终需要超过限制区间,至少比预估的2.5%的名义中性利率高1个百分点。”《华尔街日报》(Wall Street Journal)此前报道了此次会议。

克拉里达表示,2021年上半年的一些迹象,让美国人错误地相信经济将恢复到新冠疫情之前的水平,通胀预期依旧符合美联储2%的目标。

他说:“但在2021年下半年及今年,不仅美国,包括其他许多经济体的通胀率都大幅上涨,到了非常严重的地步。”

他还表示,通货膨胀“会令人痛苦地长期持续下去”。

克拉里达指出,美联储针对新冠疫情最初带来的前所未有的挑战,采取了应对措施。

他说:“新冠疫情和2020年采取的防控措施,对美国经济造成了自大萧条(Great Depression)以来最严重的冲击。”在美国最初执行封锁措施期间,美国经济遭遇重创,到2020年4月有2200万人失业。

他提到美联储的两位前主席称:“如今,美联储面临的是截然不同的挑战,他们需要保证保罗·沃尔克和艾伦·格林斯潘经过辛苦努力才取得的物价稳定的战果,不会被挥霍殆尽。”

最后,克拉里达表示相信美联储有能力应对挑战:

他说:“但美联储的工具不够犀利,任务极其复杂,而且未来需要做出艰难的权衡。”(财富中文网)

译者:刘进龙

审校:汪皓

今年5月初,美联储(Federal Reserve)将基准利率上调0.5个百分点,试图抑制历史性的通货膨胀。过去一年,美国的通货膨胀达到40年来最快的上涨速度。

为了给过热的经济降温,预计美联储在2023年还会进一步加息。但一名前美联储官员认为,美联储做的远远不够。

美联储理事会的前副主席、哥伦比亚大学(Columbia University)的经济学与国际事务教授理查德·克拉里达表示,为了降低通胀,未来一年美联储需要将利率至少提高到3.5%。

据《财富》杂志评论的会议记录显示,克拉里达于5月6日在斯坦福大学(Stanford University)胡佛研究所(Hoover Institution)召开的货币政策会议上说:“我认为,要想通胀率真正恢复到2%,基金利率最终需要超过限制区间,至少比预估的2.5%的名义中性利率高1个百分点。”《华尔街日报》(Wall Street Journal)此前报道了此次会议。

克拉里达表示,2021年上半年的一些迹象,让美国人错误地相信经济将恢复到新冠疫情之前的水平,通胀预期依旧符合美联储2%的目标。

他说:“但在2021年下半年及今年,不仅美国,包括其他许多经济体的通胀率都大幅上涨,到了非常严重的地步。”

他还表示,通货膨胀“会令人痛苦地长期持续下去”。

克拉里达指出,美联储针对新冠疫情最初带来的前所未有的挑战,采取了应对措施。

他说:“新冠疫情和2020年采取的防控措施,对美国经济造成了自大萧条(Great Depression)以来最严重的冲击。”在美国最初执行封锁措施期间,美国经济遭遇重创,到2020年4月有2200万人失业。

他提到美联储的两位前主席称:“如今,美联储面临的是截然不同的挑战,他们需要保证保罗·沃尔克和艾伦·格林斯潘经过辛苦努力才取得的物价稳定的战果,不会被挥霍殆尽。”

最后,克拉里达表示相信美联储有能力应对挑战:

他说:“但美联储的工具不够犀利,任务极其复杂,而且未来需要做出艰难的权衡。”(财富中文网)

译者:刘进龙

审校:汪皓

The Federal Reserve raised its benchmark interest rate in early May by half a percentage point in an attempt to rein in historic levels of inflation, which has risen more quickly over the past year than any time in the last four decades.

The Fed is expected to raise rates even more over the next year in an attempt to cool the overheated economy. But one former Fed official says that the agency needs to do more—a lot more.

Richard Clarida, former vice chair of the Federal Reserve board of governors and professor of economics and international affairs at Columbia University, says the Fed will need to increase its interest rate to at least 3.5% over the year to bring down inflation.

“The Funds rate will, I believe, ultimately need to be raised well into restrictive territory, by at least a percentage point above the estimated nominal neutral rate of 2.5%, for inflation to be credibly projected to return to 2%,” said Clarida on May 6, at a monetary policy conference at Stanford University’s Hoover Institution, according to a transcript reviewed by Fortune and previously reported by the Wall Street Journal.

Clarida said that signs from the first half of 2021 falsely assured Americans a return to the economy’s pre-pandemic potential, with inflation expectations remaining in line with the Fed’s goal of 2%.

“But in the second half of 2021, and continuing into this year, there has been a surge in inflation that has been about as bad as it gets, not only in the U.S. but in many other economies around the world,” he said.

He added that inflation has been “distressingly persistent.”

In his remarks, Clarida notes that the Fed rose to the initial unprecedented challenge that the pandemic posed.

“The pandemic and the mitigation efforts put in place to contain it in 2020 delivered the most severe blow to the U.S. economy since the Great Depression,” he said, adding that the U.S. economy took a major hit during the country’s initial lockdown, and when 22 million people lost their jobs by April 2020.

“Today, the Fed faces a different challenge, that of insuring that the hard won battles under Paul Volcker and Alan Greenspan to achieve price stability are not squandered,” he said, referring to two former chairs of the Fed.

In closing, Clarida said he believes in the bank’s ability to rise to the challenge:

“But the Fed’s instruments are blunt, the mission is complex, and difficult tradeoffs lie ahead,” he said.

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