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全球新冠疫苗接种数超过10亿剂,这个小国接种率第一

全球新冠疫苗接种数超过10亿剂,这个小国接种率第一

Sy Mukherjee 2021-04-28
能够在如此短的时间内让世界上近13%的人口进行疫苗接种,令人惊叹。

4月25日凌晨,全球新冠疫苗的接种数量突破了10亿剂大关。在新冠疫情爆发仅短短一年多的时间里,即完成如此大规模的疫苗接种,是史无前例的。疫苗研发的速度如此之快本身就是一项惊人的壮举,而能够克服现实困难,在如此短的时间内让世界上近13%的人口进行疫苗接种,则更加令人惊叹。

在此需要说明的是,这并不是说,目前已经有大约八分之一的世界人口完成了疫苗接种。因为这10亿剂已经使用的疫苗中,不仅有单针接种式疫苗,还含有双针接种式疫苗类型。

然而,疫苗分配呈现出了区域分布不均、极度失衡的局面,接种进度因国而异。在美国,可能有50%以上的成年人至少接受过一次疫苗接种,而亚非国家的速度则明显较慢。仅占全球总人口16%的高收入国家,接种疫苗数占了总体的47%。

世界各地,尤其是发展中国家,一直在通过“新冠肺炎疫苗实施计划”(COVAX)来获取疫苗,这是由世界卫生组织(WHO)、全球疫苗免疫联盟(Gavi)等全球卫生治理的重要参与者共同提出并牵头进行的项目。

下面将详细介绍这10亿多剂疫苗的相关细节,比如各国的疫苗接种情况,以及不同疫苗在各个国家和地区的应用情况。

哪些国家在疫苗接种方面做得最好?

迄今为止,发达国家的疫苗接种进度更快。这一结果符合常理,因为发达国家拥有健全的医疗体系,而许多发展中国家至今还缺乏一些相关医疗基础设施。

目前,全球的接种速度达每天约1600万剂次。但重要的是,我们要搞清楚接种剂量数和接种人口比例的区别。

在完成疫苗接种(即已经打过两针双针接种式疫苗,例如辉瑞疫苗;或打过一针单针接种式疫苗,比如强生疫苗)的人口比例方面,以色列处于领先地位。据《纽约时报》(New York Times)报道,该国已经有56%的人口完成了疫苗接种,61%的人口接种了至少一剂新冠疫苗。上周末,以色列已经连续两天新冠死亡病例零新增。

但是以色列的国土面积很小,仅有900万左右人口,而且该国的疫苗初期推广措施也很完善。美国疾病控制和预防中心(CDC)的数据显示,在世界人口较多的国家中,美国的疫苗推广速度惊人,迄今为止已经接种了近2.29亿剂疫苗,有近9500万人完成了疫苗接种。

哪些国家在疫苗接种方面表现不佳?

也有一些国家的疫苗接种进度缓慢。据统计,许多国家的居民接种疫苗率为零。

在疫苗接种进度方面落后的国家主要分布在非洲、中东和亚洲,包括巴林、菲律宾、越南、巴基斯坦、尼日利亚、赞比亚、伊朗和伊拉克。

澳大利亚在暂停向50岁以下人群接种(其主要使用并且可以在当地生产的)阿斯利康疫苗后,该国的疫苗接种速度正在明显变缓。而尽管印度在疫苗研发方面做得相对较好,但其面临的疫苗接种难题,让该国的疫苗接种人口比例一直难以提高。这个人口稠密的国家目前正在面临着一场大规模的新冠疫情危机,仅4月23日当天即新增新冠肺炎确诊病例33万例。

全球使用量最大的新冠疫苗

根据新冠疫苗追踪系统的数据,美国食品与药品监督管理局(FDA)在美国本土仅批准了三款新冠疫苗的紧急使用,分别为辉瑞(Pfizer)/BioNTech、Moderna和强生(Johnson & Johnson)的疫苗。而总计110种正在研发的新冠疫苗中,全球已经上市或紧急批准了其中14款。

目前,欧洲及澳大利亚的疫苗接种速度缓慢且混乱,这启示我们,一个地区所依赖的疫苗品牌,能够对疫苗接种进度产生决定性作用。

由于潜在的凝血问题,世界卫生组织正在审查牛津大学(University of Oxford)和阿斯利康(AstraZeneca)合作研发的新冠疫苗的现有数据。该款新冠疫苗是应用范围最广的一款疫苗,目前有135个国家批准了它的使用。随后是辉瑞/BioNTech和Moderna的双针接种式mRNA疫苗,接着是中国国药集团的新冠灭活疫苗。

上图清晰显示出了疫苗使用的地区性差异。正如所预料,高收入国家,尤其是美国,主要依赖的是获得了紧急使用授权,并且可以在当地生产的辉瑞和Moderna疫苗。中国一直在使用本土疫苗。而尽管俄罗斯本国的疫苗接种比例并不特别高,其正在积极向其它国家推广“卫星-V”疫苗。

其余国家主要使用的疫苗,美国人则可能甚至都没有听说过。之后我们所要面临的问题是,这些疫苗是否仍然能够起到预防新冠病毒的作用。(财富中文网)

译者:Claire

4月25日凌晨,全球新冠疫苗的接种数量突破了10亿剂大关。在新冠疫情爆发仅短短一年多的时间里,即完成如此大规模的疫苗接种,是史无前例的。疫苗研发的速度如此之快本身就是一项惊人的壮举,而能够克服现实困难,在如此短的时间内让世界上近13%的人口进行疫苗接种,则更加令人惊叹。

在此需要说明的是,这并不是说,目前已经有大约八分之一的世界人口完成了疫苗接种。因为这10亿剂已经使用的疫苗中,不仅有单针接种式疫苗,还含有双针接种式疫苗类型。

然而,疫苗分配呈现出了区域分布不均、极度失衡的局面,接种进度因国而异。在美国,可能有50%以上的成年人至少接受过一次疫苗接种,而亚非国家的速度则明显较慢。仅占全球总人口16%的高收入国家,接种疫苗数占了总体的47%。

世界各地,尤其是发展中国家,一直在通过“新冠肺炎疫苗实施计划”(COVAX)来获取疫苗,这是由世界卫生组织(WHO)、全球疫苗免疫联盟(Gavi)等全球卫生治理的重要参与者共同提出并牵头进行的项目。

下面将详细介绍这10亿多剂疫苗的相关细节,比如各国的疫苗接种情况,以及不同疫苗在各个国家和地区的应用情况。

哪些国家在疫苗接种方面做得最好?

迄今为止,发达国家的疫苗接种进度更快。这一结果符合常理,因为发达国家拥有健全的医疗体系,而许多发展中国家至今还缺乏一些相关医疗基础设施。

目前,全球的接种速度达每天约1600万剂次。但重要的是,我们要搞清楚接种剂量数和接种人口比例的区别。

在完成疫苗接种(即已经打过两针双针接种式疫苗,例如辉瑞疫苗;或打过一针单针接种式疫苗,比如强生疫苗)的人口比例方面,以色列处于领先地位。据《纽约时报》(New York Times)报道,该国已经有56%的人口完成了疫苗接种,61%的人口接种了至少一剂新冠疫苗。上周末,以色列已经连续两天新冠死亡病例零新增。

但是以色列的国土面积很小,仅有900万左右人口,而且该国的疫苗初期推广措施也很完善。美国疾病控制和预防中心(CDC)的数据显示,在世界人口较多的国家中,美国的疫苗推广速度惊人,迄今为止已经接种了近2.29亿剂疫苗,有近9500万人完成了疫苗接种。

哪些国家在疫苗接种方面表现不佳?

也有一些国家的疫苗接种进度缓慢。据统计,许多国家的居民接种疫苗率为零。

在疫苗接种进度方面落后的国家主要分布在非洲、中东和亚洲,包括巴林、菲律宾、越南、巴基斯坦、尼日利亚、赞比亚、伊朗和伊拉克。

澳大利亚在暂停向50岁以下人群接种(其主要使用并且可以在当地生产的)阿斯利康疫苗后,该国的疫苗接种速度正在明显变缓。而尽管印度在疫苗研发方面做得相对较好,但其面临的疫苗接种难题,让该国的疫苗接种人口比例一直难以提高。这个人口稠密的国家目前正在面临着一场大规模的新冠疫情危机,仅4月23日当天即新增新冠肺炎确诊病例33万例。

全球使用量最大的新冠疫苗

根据新冠疫苗追踪系统的数据,美国食品与药品监督管理局(FDA)在美国本土仅批准了三款新冠疫苗的紧急使用,分别为辉瑞(Pfizer)/BioNTech、Moderna和强生(Johnson & Johnson)的疫苗。而总计110种正在研发的新冠疫苗中,全球已经上市或紧急批准了其中14款。

目前,欧洲及澳大利亚的疫苗接种速度缓慢且混乱,这启示我们,一个地区所依赖的疫苗品牌,能够对疫苗接种进度产生决定性作用。

由于潜在的凝血问题,世界卫生组织正在审查牛津大学(University of Oxford)和阿斯利康(AstraZeneca)合作研发的新冠疫苗的现有数据。该款新冠疫苗是应用范围最广的一款疫苗,目前有135个国家批准了它的使用。随后是辉瑞/BioNTech和Moderna的双针接种式mRNA疫苗,接着是中国国药集团的新冠灭活疫苗。

上图清晰显示出了疫苗使用的地区性差异。正如所预料,高收入国家,尤其是美国,主要依赖的是获得了紧急使用授权,并且可以在当地生产的辉瑞和Moderna疫苗。中国一直在使用本土疫苗。而尽管俄罗斯本国的疫苗接种比例并不特别高,其正在积极向其它国家推广“卫星-V”疫苗。

其余国家主要使用的疫苗,美国人则可能甚至都没有听说过。之后我们所要面临的问题是,这些疫苗是否仍然能够起到预防新冠病毒的作用。(财富中文网)

译者:Claire

Something extraordinary, and extraordinarily rare, happened in the wee hours of April 25: The world administered its 1-billionth-plus dose of a COVID vaccine. Reaching such a milestone in just more than a year of a global pandemic is unprecedented and the fruits of an immunization campaign the likes of which we've never seen before. Creating vaccines this quickly is an impressive feat in and of itself, but nearly 13% of the world's population actually getting vaccinated is arguably an even more impressive accomplishment given the practical roadblocks.

To be clear: This doesn't mean about an eighth of the entire world has been fully vaccinated. It just means that many doses have been administered, whether as part of a one-dose or two-dose regimen.

But stark geographical differences remain, resulting in a lopsided vaccine rollout. Depending on which country you're talking about, more than 50% of the adult population may have received at least one shot (as is the case in the U.S.) while nations in Africa or Asia are moving at a significantly slower pace. While high-income nations make up just 16% of the global population, they have administered 47% of COVID vaccine doses to date。

The world at large, particularly developing countries, has been relying on a partnership called COVAX, which incorporates global health players running the gamut from the World Health Organization (WHO) to vaccine alliances such as Gavi.

From how different nations have been coping with their vaccine rollouts to the companies creating jabs that go to different regions, here's where the world stands more than 1 billion doses in.

Which countries have done the best on vaccination?

To date, nations with more advanced economies have made more progress in vaccinating their populations. That's not exactly shocking, given the lack of health care infrastructure in many developing nations and the fact that other countries, usually wealthy, bought up supplies early on.

There are, on average, about 16 million doses being administered per day. But it's important to differentiate the total number of shots in arms in a given country versus the per capita total.

If we focus on fully vaccinated individuals, or those who have received two doses of the vaccines such as Pfizer/BioNTech’s, which require a dual-shot combo, or of a single-dose vaccine such as Johnson & Johnson's, Israel is doing the best with 56% of its population fully vaccinated and 61% at least partially vaccinated, according to the New York Times. Over the weekend, the country achieved the milestone of zero recorded COVID-related deaths two days in a row.

But Israel has a population of about 9 million people and a significantly smaller land mass, on top of a well-heeled initial vaccine rollout. Among the more populous nations in the world, the United States has been moving at an impressive clip, with nearly 229 million doses administered to date and nearly 95 million people fully vaccinated, according to the CDC.

Which countries are struggling with COVID vaccinations?

There are also nations struggling with the vaccine ramp-up. Multiple countries have what results in a statistical zero percent of their residents vaccinated at all.

The bulk of the nations lagging in the vaccination effort spans Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. That includes Bahrain, the Philippines, Vietnam, Pakistan, Nigeria, Zambia, Iran, and Iraq.

Australia has been facing a massive slump in its own vaccination campaign as it pauses AstraZeneca's shot, which it primarily relies on and can manufacture locally, for those under the age of 50. And while India has done relatively well in its vaccination campaign, last-mile problems have made it difficult to get the numbers up on a per capita basis. The densely populated nation is now facing a massive COVID crisis, with 330,000 new cases detected on April 23 alone.

The most-used COVID vaccines around the globe

Just three COVID vaccines, from Pfizer/BioNTech, Moderna, and Johnson & Johnson, are FDA-authorized in the U.S. But around the globe, there are currently 110 COVID vaccine candidates with 14 approved, according to the COVID-19 Vaccine Tracker.

As the example of Europe's and Australia's chaotic vaccine rollout has underscored, the kinds of vaccines a region relies on can dictate the course of their immunization campaigns.

Oxford and AstraZeneca's vaccine, which has faced scrutiny regarding potential blood clotting side effects, is being administered in the most countries by far—135 to be exact. Next comes the Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna two-dose mRNA vaccines, followed by China-based Sinopharm's jab.

The trend clearly shows regional preferences. Higher-income nations, and especially the United States, have predictably relied on the first authorized vaccines from Pfizer and Moderna, which are manufactured locally. China has gone with its own local player. And Russia has made aggressive pacts to get its Sputnik COVID shot to other countries even though the country itself doesn't have a particularly high percentage of its population vaccinated.

Other nations are relying on vaccines that Americans likely haven't even heard of. The question in the coming months is whether this vaccine diaspora can still lead to global protection against the coronavirus.

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