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美国职位空缺数量再创历史新高

美国职位空缺数量再创历史新高

Reade Pickert, Olivia Rockeman, 彭博社 2021-07-11
美国经济反弹,消费需求的增速在很大程度上超过了企业的招聘能力。

美国5月的职位空缺数量升至新的历史高点,凸显了持续存在的招聘困难。医疗保健、教育和酒店行业的空缺职位增幅尤为显著。

美国劳工部(Labor Department)在7月7日公布的职位空缺和劳动力流动调查(Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey)显示,5月的职位空缺从4月的下调数值919万攀升至921万。

最近几个月,由于新冠疫苗供应充足,再加上经济加速重启,经济活动强势反弹。但消费需求的增速在很大程度上超过了企业的招聘能力。在这场如火如荼的招聘竞赛中,许多企业开始加薪,并通过提供入职奖金等激励措施来吸引应聘者。

5月,自愿离职的人数降至360万(是的,这个数字仍然很高),离职率下降到2.5%。几乎所有行业的辞职人数都有所下降,但餐馆和酒店行业的辞职人数略有上升。

与此同时,这些数据也显示,越来越多的美国人辞职去寻找新的机会。无论是寻求更灵活的工作时间、更高的薪酬待遇还是远程工作的能力,辞职人数表明许多人很有信心找到心仪的工作。

在数百人美国人仍然失业之际,工人短缺之谜可能反映了无数因素,包括儿童保育方面的挑战、对新冠病毒挥之不去的担忧,以及失业福利的扩大。不过,这些因素可能会在未来几个月减弱,从而提振企业的招聘工作。

5月,住宿和餐饮业的职位空缺增加了89,000个,医疗保健业增加了81,000个。餐馆和酒店的招聘力度仍然强劲。

5月的总招聘人数由601万人减至593万人,招聘率则回落至4.1%。下降主要集中在建筑业、政府和专业服务领域。

5月的职位空缺总数比招聘人数多出328万,是2000年以来的最高纪录。

最新就业报告显示,6月的就业人口增加85万人,为10个月来最大增幅。这表明,一个月后,企业在招聘工人填补空缺职位方面取得了更大的成功。不过,其他数据凸显了持续存在的劳动力制约因素。

美国供应管理协会(Institute for Supply Management)发布的制造业和服务业就业指数在6月均出现收缩。全美独立企业联合会(National Federation of Independent Business)发布的另一份报告显示,6月小企业的职位空缺略有减少,但这个数值仅次于一个月前创下的纪录。6月25日,求职网站Indeed发布的职位空缺数量比新冠疫情爆发前的基线多了33.6%。(财富中文网)

——克里斯蒂·朔伊布勒对本文亦有贡献。

译者:任文科

美国5月的职位空缺数量升至新的历史高点,凸显了持续存在的招聘困难。医疗保健、教育和酒店行业的空缺职位增幅尤为显著。

美国劳工部(Labor Department)在7月7日公布的职位空缺和劳动力流动调查(Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey)显示,5月的职位空缺从4月的下调数值919万攀升至921万。

最近几个月,由于新冠疫苗供应充足,再加上经济加速重启,经济活动强势反弹。但消费需求的增速在很大程度上超过了企业的招聘能力。在这场如火如荼的招聘竞赛中,许多企业开始加薪,并通过提供入职奖金等激励措施来吸引应聘者。

5月,自愿离职的人数降至360万(是的,这个数字仍然很高),离职率下降到2.5%。几乎所有行业的辞职人数都有所下降,但餐馆和酒店行业的辞职人数略有上升。

与此同时,这些数据也显示,越来越多的美国人辞职去寻找新的机会。无论是寻求更灵活的工作时间、更高的薪酬待遇还是远程工作的能力,辞职人数表明许多人很有信心找到心仪的工作。

在数百人美国人仍然失业之际,工人短缺之谜可能反映了无数因素,包括儿童保育方面的挑战、对新冠病毒挥之不去的担忧,以及失业福利的扩大。不过,这些因素可能会在未来几个月减弱,从而提振企业的招聘工作。

5月,住宿和餐饮业的职位空缺增加了89,000个,医疗保健业增加了81,000个。餐馆和酒店的招聘力度仍然强劲。

5月的总招聘人数由601万人减至593万人,招聘率则回落至4.1%。下降主要集中在建筑业、政府和专业服务领域。

5月的职位空缺总数比招聘人数多出328万,是2000年以来的最高纪录。

最新就业报告显示,6月的就业人口增加85万人,为10个月来最大增幅。这表明,一个月后,企业在招聘工人填补空缺职位方面取得了更大的成功。不过,其他数据凸显了持续存在的劳动力制约因素。

美国供应管理协会(Institute for Supply Management)发布的制造业和服务业就业指数在6月均出现收缩。全美独立企业联合会(National Federation of Independent Business)发布的另一份报告显示,6月小企业的职位空缺略有减少,但这个数值仅次于一个月前创下的纪录。6月25日,求职网站Indeed发布的职位空缺数量比新冠疫情爆发前的基线多了33.6%。(财富中文网)

——克里斯蒂·朔伊布勒对本文亦有贡献。

译者:任文科

U.S. job openings rose to a fresh record high in May, underscoring persistent hiring difficulties and reflecting more vacancies in the health care, education and hospitality industries.

The number of available positions climbed to 9.21 million during the month from a downwardly revised 9.19 million in April, the Labor Department’s Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey, or JOLTS, showed on July 7.

The availability of vaccines paired with a broader reopening of the economy has spurred a snapback in economic activity in recent months, but consumer demand has largely outpaced businesses’ ability to hire. In a race to increase headcount, many businesses have begun raising wages and offering incentives like hiring bonuses to attract applicants.

The number of people who voluntarily left their jobs decreased to a still-lofty 3.6 million in May, as the quits rate dropped to 2.5%. Quits fell in nearly all industries, though they picked up slightly for restaurants and hotels.

At the same time, the figures highlight an elevated number of Americans quitting their jobs to search out new opportunities. Whether seeking more flexible hours, increased pay or the ability to work remotely, the number of quits suggests workers are confident in their ability to find other employment.

The enigma of a worker shortage at a time when millions of Americans remain out of work likely reflects a myriad of factors including child care challenges, lingering coronavirus concerns and expanded jobless benefits. Those factors will likely abate in the coming months though, supporting additional hiring.

Accommodation and food service job openings increased by 89,000 in May, and by 81,000 in health care. Hiring at restaurants and hotels remained robust.

Total hires decreased to 5.93 million in May from 6.01 million, while the hires rate eased to 4.1%. The decline was concentrated in construction, government and professional services.

The total number of vacancies exceeded hires by 3.28 million in May, the highest in records to 2000.

The latest jobs report showed payrolls increased 850,000 in June, the largest advance in 10 months, suggesting firms were having greater success a month later in recruiting workers to fill open positions. Still, other data underscore ongoing labor constraints.

The employment measures for the Institute for Supply Management’s manufacturing and services surveys both contracted in June. A separate report from the National Federation of Independent Business showed small business job openings eased slightly in June, but the reading was second only to the record seen a month earlier. And on June 25, job search website Indeed had 33.6% more job postings than the pre-pandemic baseline.

—With assistance from Kristy Scheuble.

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