印度能重新定义资本主义吗？

    虽然孟山都的创新能带来适应性更强的农作物、为农业创造出更多价值，但它也会带来超级害虫和超级杂草，转基因的意外作用还会对消费者造成伤害，专利费也会造成种植者无法盈利。我要说的是，民营行业解决方案也可能带来意料之外的问题，特别是在印度这样自身存在弱点而又刚刚踏上经济新征程的国家。因此，在敞开大门之前，莫迪政府需要评估让民营行业发挥更大作用所包含的风险（同时加以防范）。

    对印度政府来说，更为敏感的政策包括考察各个行业的活力，在市场升温的情况下制定保护劳动者、消费者和企业的新法律，推动国家基础设施建设，然后在提出适当要求的基础上允许企业进入这些领域。

    至于孟山都，要求它更严格地遵守转基因安全标准，在考虑农民实际经济困境的情况下降低专利费用，以及为改善粮食经销体系而进行投资，从而留住这家公司的种子为粮食创造的价值，这样的期望并非不合理。这样的政策也许不适于完全自由的市场，但它会更切合实际，更安全，也更有可持续性。

    鉴于许多跨国公司，比如全食公司（Whole Foods）、谷歌（Google）、大众汽车（Volkswagen）和迪士尼公司（Disney），都在主动拓宽自身对资本主义的认知、同时提高企业社会责任的重要性，要求企业用均衡的行为模式换取从印度经济潜力中赚取利润的机会对印度政府来说应该是合理的做法。它有利于印度民众，有利于新一届印度政府，最终也有利于企业。

    本文作者是政治和商业评论员。他曾在投资银行Lazard Freres和Dresdner Kleinwort Wasserstein以及对冲基金公司Ramius任职。现在他在中型广播电台运营商Davidson Media Group担任董事。他在哥伦比亚商学院获得工商管理硕士学位，曾撰写过两本惊悚小说。（财富中文网）

    译者：Charlie

    While Monsanto’s innovations can produce more resilient crops and more value for agriculture, they can also lead to the creation of super pests and weeds, harmful effects on consumers due to the unexpected consequences of genetic modification, as well as destroy profitability for growers due to patent payments. The point is that private sector solutions can also create unintended problems, especially for a vulnerable nation like India starting a new economic journey. So the Modi administration needs to evaluate the risks of letting the private sector take a bigger role (and guard against them) before opening the floodgates.

    A more sensible policy would be for the Indian government to examine the dynamics of each sector, write new laws to protect workers, consumers and businesses in a more heated market, promote national infrastructure development, and then allow companies to enter based on well-defined requirements.

    In the case of Monsanto, it would not be unreasonable to expect stricter adherence to genetic modification safety standards, a reduction in prices of patents to take into account the dire financial reality of rural farmers, and an investment in better food distribution systems to preserve the value of the crops produced by the company’s seeds. Such a policy might not conform to a completely free market, but it would be more realistic, safe and sustainable.

    Given that many international businesses, includingmajor corporations like Whole Foods WFM -0.36% , Google GOOG -0.23% , Volkswagen, and Disney DIS -0.17% are themselves widening their view of capitalism and prioritizing corporate social responsibility, India would be justified in demanding balanced behavior from companies in exchange for the opportunity to profit from the nation’s economic potential. It would be good for the people of India, good for its new government and ultimately good for business.

    Sanjay Sanghoee is a political and business commentator. He has worked at investment banks Lazard Freres andDresdner Kleinwort Wasserstein, as well as at hedge fund Ramius. Sanghoee sits on the Board of Davidson Media Group, a mid-market radio station operator. He has an MBA from Columbia Business School and is also the author of two thriller novels.